Human T cell leukemia virus type 1, the first human retrovirus ever identified, infects an estimated 5 to 10 million people worldwide, a figure extrapolated from surveys covering only about one-seventh of the global population. The virus inserts a DNA copy of its RNA genome into the chromosomes of host T cells, establishing a lifelong infection that can drive a spectrum of diseases, including adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy, and HTLV-1-associated uveitis, a chronic inflammation inside the eye that is particularly common in endemic regions such as Japan. Despite the scale of the problem, coordinated global action has been slow; the World Health Organization only published technical reports aimed at reducing HTLV-1-related morbidity and mortality in 2021, and no broadly effective intervention has emerged in decades of research.

Current treatment for the ocular disease relies heavily on corticosteroids, delivered as topical drops, injections into the eye, or oral prednisone. This approach has serious shortcomings. Studies indicate that 30 to 60 percent of patients with HTLV-1-associated uveitis experience recurrent episodes, and long-term steroid exposure can trigger cataracts, glaucoma, macular edema, epiretinal membranes, retinal degeneration, optic nerve atrophy, and bullous keratopathy. Most importantly, corticosteroids suppress inflammation without reducing the number of virus-infected cells or halting disease progression. Newer molecular targeted agents, including the anti-CCR4 antibody mogamulizumab and the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide, have been explored, but treatment-related inflammation and adverse effects remain significant obstacles. This therapeutic gap motivated a team led by Yaru Zou and Koju Kamoi of Tokyo Medical and Dental University to investigate whether an epigenetic drug already approved for blood cancer could address the root of the ocular inflammation.

The drug in question is valemetostat, marketed as EZHARMIA, a dual inhibitor of the enzymes EZH1 and EZH2 that was approved in 2022 for adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma. Both enzymes are the catalytic components of polycomb repressive complex 2, a molecular machine that silences genes by adding three methyl groups to lysine 27 on histone H3, producing the repressive chromatin mark known as H3K27me3. Previous work had shown that EZH1 and EZH2 are overexpressed, and H3K27me3 deposition increased, in ATL cells and in cells expressing the viral oncoprotein Tax. Dual EZH1/2 inhibitors have also been reported to curb the spontaneous proliferation and exaggerated immune responses of HTLV-1-infected cells in patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy. What remained unknown was whether such inhibition could benefit the inflamed eye.

To find out, the researchers built a series of laboratory models centered on ARPE-19 cells, a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line chosen because the retinal pigment epithelium forms the outer blood-retinal barrier and governs retinal immune homeostasis. They exposed these ocular cells to three kinds of T cells: MT-2 cells, which carry transcriptionally active HTLV-1 and express the viral protein Tax; TL-Om1 cells, an ATL-derived line in which the virus is largely silent and Tax is low or absent; and Jurkat cells, which are uninfected and served as controls. In parallel, they treated the T cell lines themselves. Western blotting and quantitative PCR revealed that HTLV-1 infection drove significant upregulation of both EZH1 and EZH2, along with elevated H3K27me3, in infected retinal pigment epithelial cells and in MT-2 cells, with EZH1 protein rising roughly 2.5-fold in infected ocular cells and six-fold in MT-2 cells. This was the first demonstration that HTLV-1 infection induces polycomb-mediated epigenetic changes in retinal cells.

The team then treated the models with valemetostat at 0.01, 0.1, and 1 micromolar for 96 hours, concentrations selected in preliminary experiments because they harmed infected T cells while leaving normal ocular cells, including primary human trabecular meshwork cells, unaffected below 10 micromolar. The results were strikingly dependent on the model. In co-cultures of retinal cells with Tax-positive MT-2 cells, and in retinal cells directly infected with HTLV-1, the drug produced modest but statistically significant reductions in cell viability at the highest dose, accompanied by small increases in late-stage apoptosis. No such effects appeared in co-cultures with TL-Om1 or Jurkat cells. Crucially, the absolute magnitude of apoptosis remained limited, typically only 1 to 3 percent above baseline, indicating that valemetostat is not broadly toxic to retinal cells, an important safety consideration given their role in maintaining vision.

The virological findings were equally nuanced. Valemetostat did not significantly reduce the HTLV-1 proviral load in co-culture systems or in directly infected retinal pigment epithelial cells. However, in MT-2 cells themselves, 1 micromolar valemetostat significantly lowered proviral load and suppressed the messenger RNA levels of both Tax and HBZ, the two hallmark transcripts of the virus. Because MT-2 cells represent the transcriptionally active, highly infectious state of HTLV-1, while TL-Om1 represents latency, the results suggest that the drug’s antiviral effect is gated by the transcriptional status of the infected cell. Within the four-day treatment window, the authors conclude, valemetostat’s benefit to the ocular environment is likely indirect, acting primarily by quieting the most virally active cells rather than by eradicating provirus everywhere.

The most clinically relevant effects emerged in the inflammatory readouts. HTLV-1-infected T cells recovered from the eyes of patients with uveitis are known to secrete copious interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and interleukin-10, all implicated in disease. In the new study, valemetostat produced a dose-dependent increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in MT-2-containing conditions, significant at 1 micromolar in the co-culture system and across all doses in MT-2 cells. This fits a mechanistic expectation: blocking EZH1/2 removes H3K27me3 marks that repress the IL-10 gene, and prior genetic studies showed that loss of EZH2 directly activates IL-10 transcription in several CD4-positive T cell subsets. Meanwhile, pro-inflammatory signals fell in a context-dependent pattern. IL-12p70 and the chemokine CXCL-10 dropped in co-cultures, IL-6 and IL-8 declined mainly in MT-2 cells, and CCL-2 fell at low doses in the MT-2 co-culture, whereas the chemokine CCL-5 was unchanged in every model.

The drug’s influence on NF-kappaB, the central inflammatory pathway that Tax hijacks to drive both viral replication and cytokine production, was more subdued. Valemetostat modestly reduced NF-kappaB p65 phosphorylation in the MT-2 co-culture at the lowest dose and slightly decreased the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio of p65 in retinal cells stimulated with TNF-alpha, but it did not abolish nuclear translocation. The authors attribute this to the overwhelming strength of Tax-driven NF-kappaB activation, which a 96-hour course of EZH1/2 inhibition may be insufficient to counteract, and to the fact that NF-kappaB and cytokine networks are regulated by many factors beyond polycomb complexes. Immunofluorescence confirmed that valemetostat significantly lowered H3K27me3 in retinal cells exposed to MT-2 cells or directly infected, but not in cells co-cultured with TL-Om1 or Jurkat cells, again underscoring the model dependence of the epigenetic response.

The study also carries a cautionary note about IL-10. Although the cytokine is anti-inflammatory, it can promote the survival of HTLV-1-infected T cells and facilitate immune evasion by impairing dendritic cell antigen presentation and downregulating MHC class I molecules, and patients with aggressive ATL often show abnormally elevated IL-10. The authors therefore suggest that combining EZH1/2 inhibition with IL-10 pathway blockade could prove more effective, noting evidence that IL-10 neutralization sensitizes ATL cells to standard therapies. In the TL-Om1 model of ATL-related ocular infiltration, valemetostat failed to reduce H3K27me3, proviral load, or NF-kappaB activation within the malignant cells, yet it suppressed TL-Om1-induced CXCL10 secretion and induced dose-dependent apoptosis, pointing to a benefit mediated through the inflammatory microenvironment rather than direct tumor killing.

The authors are candid about the limitations. The work relied entirely on in vitro co-cultures and established cell lines, which cannot reproduce the blood-retinal barrier, retinal architecture, or local immune regulation of a living eye, and the intraocular pharmacokinetics of valemetostat after systemic administration remain undefined. Sex as a biological variable could not be assessed because donor-defined primary cells were not used. Even so, the findings establish a proof of concept that an approved epigenetic therapy can counteract HTLV-1-induced chromatin changes in retinal cells, dampen viral transcription in the most active infected cells, and reshape the cytokine milieu that sustains uveitis. Longer treatment studies, in vivo models, and patient-derived systems will be needed to determine whether these modest, context-dependent effects can be translated into a genuine steroid-sparing therapy for one of the most burdensome manifestations of a virus that medicine has long neglected.

Subject of Research: EZH1/2-targeted epigenetic therapy with valemetostat for HTLV-1-associated uveitis

Article Title: Dual impact of EZH1/2-targeted therapy in HTLV-1-associated inflammation: Direct and indirect mechanisms

Article References: Zou, Y., Kamoi, K., Yang, M., Zong, Y., Zhang, J., & Ohno-Matsui, K. (2026). Dual impact of EZH1/2-targeted therapy in HTLV-1-associated inflammation: Direct and indirect mechanisms. iScience, 29(11), Article 117775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.117775

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.117775

Keywords: HTLV-1, valemetostat, EZH1, EZH2, H3K27me3, uveitis, epigenetics, PRC2, Tax, IL-10, NF-kappaB, retinal pigment epithelium

The viruses that gave rise to SARS-CoV-2 have been circulating in horseshoe bats and related mammals across Asia for millennia, and most of them have never spilled over into people. Yet a small number of these bat sarbecoviruses clearly can infect humans, as the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated. A central question for pandemic preparedness has therefore been whether scientists can look at the properties of a newly discovered bat coronavirus and make an evidence-based judgement about how dangerous it might be. A new study published in PLOS Biology suggests that one measurable property, the breadth of species whose ACE2 receptor a virus can use, may be a surprisingly informative signal, predicting not only which animals a virus can infect but also how closely related it is to SARS-CoV-2 in the eyes of the human immune system.

Sarbecoviruses, the subgenus of coronaviruses that includes SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, attach to their host cells through the receptor-binding domain, or RBD, of the Spike protein. This domain grips the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, ACE2, on the surface of host cells, and it is also the principal target of neutralising antibodies. That dual role creates an intimate link between host range and antigenicity: the same molecular surface that determines which species’ receptors a virus can engage also determines how well antibodies raised against one virus recognise another. The research team, led by scientists at The Pirbright Institute together with collaborators including researchers at King’s College London, set out to map that relationship systematically across a diverse collection of bat sarbecoviruses.

The experimental strategy combined three complementary approaches. First, the researchers used binding assays to test whether the Spike proteins of different sarbecoviruses could attach to ACE2 proteins from a wide panel of mammalian species. Second, they used pseudotype-entry assays, in which harmless lentiviral particles are decorated with each coronavirus Spike protein, to test whether receptor binding actually translates into cell entry. Third, they measured how sera from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent individuals and monoclonal antibodies from vaccinated people who had experienced breakthrough infections neutralised the different viruses. By running the same viruses through all three assays, the team could directly correlate receptor usage with antigenic behaviour.

The results revealed a striking pattern. Sarbecoviruses in clade 1, the group that contains SARS-CoV-2 itself and the BANAL viruses isolated from bats in Laos, tended to be generalists. Their Spike proteins could productively engage ACE2 receptors from many different bat species, indicating that they are not finely tuned to a single host. In contrast, viruses from clade 3, exemplified by RhGB07, and clade 5, exemplified by Rc-o319, behaved as specialists, using a much narrower range of ACE2 receptors. Rc-o319, which was previously known to be unable to use human ACE2 efficiently, fits this specialist profile, whereas the BANAL viruses, which can use human ACE2, sit firmly in the generalist camp alongside SARS-CoV-2.

To understand the structural basis of this specialism, the team solved a novel structure of the RhGB07 Spike protein. The structure allowed them to identify specific residues within the RBD that are associated with the restricted receptor usage of this clade 3 virus. These residues presumably shape the receptor-binding interface in ways that favour particular bat ACE2 variants while excluding others. Such structural insights are valuable because they point to the molecular features that distinguish viruses capable of flexible receptor engagement from those locked into narrow host ranges, and they may help predict the properties of newly discovered sarbecoviruses from sequence data alone.

When the researchers extended their receptor panel beyond bats to include more diverse mammalian ACE2 proteins, the generalist phenotype largely held. Clade 1 viruses could bind and enter cells expressing ACE2 from humans, non-human primates, livestock, and rodents, as well as from species considered potential intermediate reservoir hosts, such as civets, raccoon dogs, and pangolins. This is significant because intermediate hosts are thought to have played a role in previous coronavirus spillovers, including the emergence of SARS-CoV in 2002. A virus that can already use the receptors of many species faces fewer barriers on the path from bat to human. The specialist viruses, by contrast, showed wider phenotypic diversity across this expanded panel, with RhGB07 exhibiting a more idiosyncratic pattern of receptor usage that did not simply mirror its bat-host profile.

The study also examined how SARS-CoV-2’s ongoing evolution in humans has changed its receptor preferences. Comparing variants that have emerged during the pandemic, the researchers found an expanding and, in some cases, shifting pattern of generalism, particularly for Omicron and its many sub-lineages. Omicron’s Spike has accumulated numerous mutations in the RBD, and these changes appear to have broadened or reconfigured the range of ACE2 molecules the virus can engage. This observation underscores that receptor usage is not a fixed property of a virus but a dynamic trait that can evolve under immune pressure and changing transmission landscapes, with potential consequences for which animal species might serve as new reservoirs for human-derived variants.

The antigenic side of the analysis produced equally important findings. When convalescent sera from people who had recovered from COVID-19 were tested against the panel of bat sarbecoviruses, clade 1 viruses, being phylogenetically closest to SARS-CoV-2, were antigenically the most similar. There was robust evidence for cross-neutralisation of these viruses, meaning that immunity generated against SARS-CoV-2 offers meaningful protection against its closest bat relatives. Importantly, however, the team also found evidence for limited cross-neutralisation across the entire subgenus, suggesting that even the more distantly related specialist viruses are not completely invisible to immunity primed by SARS-CoV-2 infection. This graded pattern of cross-reactivity maps closely onto the phylogenetic and receptor-usage relationships the researchers had established.

Using monoclonal antibodies derived from COVID-19 vaccinees who subsequently experienced breakthrough infections, the researchers were able to pinpoint which classes of antibody epitopes are responsible for the broader neutralisation observed across the sarbecovirus panel. Because antibodies recognise specific structural features of the RBD, identifying the epitope classes that mediate cross-neutralisation provides a rational basis for designing vaccines and therapeutics with deliberately broad coverage. Antibodies directed against more conserved features of the receptor-binding interface, rather than those specific to SARS-CoV-2’s particular configuration, appear to underpin the wider neutralising activity.

Taken together, the study delivers a unifying message: generalist ACE2 usage, phylogenetic proximity to SARS-CoV-2, and antigenic similarity travel together. A bat sarbecovirus that can flexibly use receptors from many mammalian species is likely to be a close relative of SARS-CoV-2 and likely to be partially neutralised by existing human immunity. This constellation of traits offers surveillance teams a practical framework for triage. When a new sarbecovirus is discovered, characterising its receptor-binding breadth through binding and pseudotype assays could provide an early, laboratory-based assessment of both its zoonotic potential and the degree to which current vaccines and antibodies might protect against it. As bat habitats are disturbed and human-wildlife interfaces expand, such tools for distinguishing the generalists from the specialists among the thousands of circulating bat coronaviruses could prove essential for anticipating, and perhaps preventing, the next spillover.

Subject of Research: ACE2 receptor usage breadth as a predictor of host range and antigenic relatedness across bat sarbecoviruses

Article Title: Breadth of ACE2 receptor usage predicts host range and antigenic relatedness across bat sarbecoviruses

Article References: Thakur, N., Newman, J., Ni, D., Seow, J., Hay, A. L., Lee, Y., Upadhyay, A., Ekundayo, B. E., Hammond, J. A., Peacock, T. P., Lau, K., Doores, K. J., & Bailey, D. (2026). Breadth of ACE2 receptor usage predicts host range and antigenic relatedness across bat sarbecoviruses. PLOS Biology, 24(10), e3003944. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003944

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003944

Keywords: sarbecoviruses, ACE2, SARS-CoV-2, host range, receptor-binding domain, antigenicity, cross-neutralisation, bat coronaviruses, zoonotic spillover, Omicron, monoclonal antibodies, pseudotype assays

Plus de 400 000 jeunes Européens, six décennies de mesures, quatre indicateurs suivis. Le déclin de la condition physique n'est uniforme ni dans le temps ni selon les capacités : l'endurance s'est stabilisée depuis 2015, quand la souplesse recule de plus en plus vite depuis 2000.

En quelques années, l’ARN messager est passé du statut de technologie expérimentale à celui d’outil capable de répondre à une pandémie. Rapide à adapter et presque « programmable », il pourrait désormais ouvrir la voie à des vaccins conçus sur mesure contre certains cancers.

Observer le climat consiste à suivre sur de longues périodes les variables qui décrivent son évolution. Mais comprendre le système Terre suppose aussi de saisir des phénomènes qui peuvent évoluer en quelques heures. Grâce à des passages plus fréquents au-dessus d’une même région, les futures...

NASA recently awarded $10.5 million to seven organizations nationwide through its new State Hubs initiative. Space Florida was selected for Project ORBIT, which aims to expand opportunities for middle and high school students, boost enrollment in key career and technical programs, and create a statewide portal connecting skilled workers with aerospace employers.

Elaine Ho, associate administrator for NASA’s Office of STEM Engagement, joined local leaders and industry partners recently to see Space Florida Academy students in action at three Central Florida schools. Students at Lyman High School in Longwood, Florida, demonstrated their skills in aerospace engineering, robotics, building trades, welding, and more. Later, in Merritt Island, Florida, Ho and the other leaders stopped by the Aeronautics & Flight Exploration (AFEX) program and cloud computing classrooms at Merritt Island High School and the robotics lab at nearby Edgewood Junior/Senior High School.

Since its launch in August 2024, the Space Florida Academy has expanded from 23 to 42 participating school districts, preparing students for careers in aviation and aerospace, advanced manufacturing, construction, cybersecurity, logistics, and semiconductors.

“It’s all about showing students what’s possible and then giving them the tools to achieve it,” said Dean Cuke, Merritt Island High School AFEX astronautics and aviation flight instructor. “There are far more possible pathways to be part of the space industry than I think they realize. We’re showing them ways that they can attain that, through learning, through motivation and chasing after their dreams. I’m excited for them.”

Merritt Island High School juniors and student pilots Olivia Street and Troy Wallenburg have both benefited from the program.

“It makes you feel like you’re a part of something way bigger than just a high school class. I learned what I want to do when I grow up – to be a pilot,” Street said.

“My entire life, I’ve just loved space,” Wallenburg said. “It’s great knowing that I’m actually somewhat involved in it, too.”

“I’m so impressed by how this region holds so many opportunities for our students, who are incredibly capable of solving hard problems, who can build our hardware, who want to be part of something bigger than themselves,” Ho said. “NASA is really focused on ensuring that those opportunities are easier to reach.”

As part of NASA’s new Inspiration Tour, Reid Wiseman, NASA astronaut and commander of the agency’s Artemis II mission, will highlight America’s strengths in space exploration and aeronautics innovation at the Baltimore Ravens vs. New Orleans Saints game in Baltimore on Sunday, Sept. 20.

A Baltimore native, Wiseman is a 27-year Navy veteran and NASA astronaut who spent 175 days in space over two missions. On April 1, Wiseman launched from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on a SLS (Space Launch System) rocket as part of the Artemis II mission. Wiseman and his fellow Artemis II crew members completed a historic lunar flyby, marking humanity’s return to the vicinity of the Moon for the first time in more than 50 years.

Wiseman also will be available for media interviews inside the stadium at 12:20 p.m. To RSVP for the media availability, please contact Shaneequa Vereen at: shaneequa.y.vereen@nasa.gov.

NASA team members will engage with fans at the agency’s Experience Zone, located outside the stadium from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. before the game. Fans can learn more about NASA’s return to the Moon through the agency’s Artemis program, enjoy interactive games, and capture photos at a selfie station and with a large, inflatable NASA logo.

With stops across the nation, NASA’s Inspiration Tour convenes academic, industry, and public sector stakeholders to connect the agency with the people, technologies, and organizations that drive American leadership in space.

The tour will culminate in MAX POWER, a public exposition of American air and space innovation, Saturday, Nov. 7, and Sunday, Nov. 8, on and near the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Held in honor of America’s historic 250th anniversary, the multi-day, family-friendly event will showcase the next-generation aircraft, spacecraft, autonomous vehicles, and technologies that will help define the future of transportation in air and space.

For more information about MAX POWER and the agency’s missions, visit:

https://www.nasa.gov/maxpower

-end-

Camille Gallo / Jessica Taveau
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1600
camille.m.gallo@nasa.gov / jessica.c.taveau@nasa.gov

Console de jeu hydride récente et adaptée aux jeunes joueurs comme aux adultes, la Nintendo Switch 2 séduit de nombreux joueurs depuis son lancement en juin 2025. En ce moment, et alors que son prix officiel vient de passer à 499,99 €, vous pouvez vous l'offrir pour moins de 420 € sur Amazon.

Roman’s antenna, sunshade and visor are deployed. Here is why the telescope’s three-month commissioning journey matters before its first images arrive.

The post Roman Is on Its Way to L2. Why Are Its First Days in Space So Carefully Choreographed? appeared first on Curiosmos.

Confira a chegada do Fedora 45 Beta com kernel Linux 7.2, GNOME 51 e KDE Plasma 6.7, novidade para fãs de distribuições Linux.

O post Fedora 45 Beta chega com Linux 7.2, GNOME 51 e KDE Plasma 6.7 apareceu primeiro em Blog do Edivaldo - Informações e Notícias sobre Linux.

On this day in 2014, Apple offered a tool for wiping "Songs of Innocence" from iPhones after a spammy U2 album giveaway provoked controversy.

(via Cult of Mac - Your source for the latest Apple news, rumors, analysis, reviews, how-tos and deals.)

Confira as melhorias e novidades do GNU Coreutils 9.12, incluindo comandos mais rápidos e opções avançadas.

O post GNU Coreutils 9.12 traz comandos sort, cut e uniq muito mais rápidos apareceu primeiro em Blog do Edivaldo - Informações e Notícias sobre Linux.

O novo ROG Rapture GT-BN98 já chegou às lojas canadianas e antecipa a chegada ao resto do mundo, incluindo Portugal, já no próximo mês. A marca também prepara o lançamento do primeiro sistema mesh Wi-Fi 8, o ZenWiFi BN12.

The post Asus estreia os seus primeiros routers Wi-Fi 8. Novos modelos chegam a Portugal em outubro appeared first on Tek Notícias.

The proposal ceases to be an inference from observations and known physics and becomes an appeal to the absurd.

Source

Apple’s newest Apple Watch features are designed to remember conversations so users don’t have to. Legal experts say they may also test wiretap statutes that were written long before a wristwatch could quietly turn speech into text.

The tools arrived with the Apple Watch Series 12 and Ultra 4. Siri Recap produces summaries of conversations a wearer had during the day. Live Rewind, triggered by a double-press of the Digital Crown, shows a transcript of the previous 15 seconds. Apple markets both as memory aids, not as recording devices.

That distinction is the heart of the dispute. According to reporting by Bloomberg News’ Natalie Lung, attorneys in all-party-consent states — including California, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Washington — are not convinced that on-device processing and the absence of a saved audio file will keep users clear of eavesdropping and wiretap laws. Those statutes generally require everyone in a private conversation to agree before it is intercepted.

Apple has built in several safeguards. Live Rewind plays an audible alert, shows a full-screen animation and microphone indicator, and processes audio on secure hardware that Apple says is inaccessible to the operating system, apps, the user or the company. The company says no audio recording is created or stored. Transcripts vanish about 30 seconds after the display dims unless saved in the Siri app. Recap summaries are deleted after seven days unless a user keeps them. Users can turn the features off or restrict them by time or place. Apple also says summaries do not attach comments to named people and may omit financial details, personal identifiers and authentication data.

Experts quoted in Lung’s reporting still see legal risk. Subodh Chandra of Chandra Law Firm said the feature set “raises serious concerns under California law and the laws of other states that require all-party consent.” Boston criminal defense attorney Joe Simons called it a likely “case of first impression” in Massachusetts. Pennsylvania defense lawyer Phil Lauer said the technology is “very close to being legal” because a person is not sitting on the other end of the feed — but that courts could still treat the watch’s capture and interpretation of speech as unlawful interception. Seattle attorney Mark Blair argued that fleeting processing may not matter: if consent is missing, the wearer could face criminal exposure even after the text disappears.

Colin Zick of Foley Hoag advised users to treat the tools as they would a wiretap and ask permission first. Adam Schwartz of the Electronic Frontier Foundation said bystanders have little practical way to consent or refuse, and called always-on monitoring of conversations “an unacceptable burden on our conversational privacy.” Former Apple employee Todd Dailey wrote that lawyers “will have some long nights ahead,” arguing Recap-style capability existed before but is now harder to detect.

Apple rejected the idea that the features record conversations. It noted that people already take notes with phones and wearables, said the 15-second Live Rewind window encourages responsible use near a speaker, and pointed out there is no audio file to share or produce. Company guidance still tells users to “consider” people around them when conversations might be private or sensitive. Unlike Live Rewind, Siri Recap has no continuous on-wrist indicator while it listens through the day.

The debate sits in a broader push toward ambient AI — smart glasses, always-available assistants, gadgets that sit in the room rather than wait for a button press. Dedicated recorders from companies such as Plaud and Pocket typically start only when activated. Apple’s watches, by design, must be listening first if they are going to rewind or recap later. Whether courts treat that as note-taking or interception is unsettled. Until it is, the legal risk may fall less on Cupertino than on the person wearing the watch.

MacDailyNews Take: Surely Apple’s legal team has vetted these features before release, but we’ll see what happens with the perpetually aggrieved their overly litigious ambulance chasers.

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Apple Original Films on Thursday unveiled the trailer for the upcoming documentary film “The Last First: Winter K2.” In “The Last First: Winter K2,” Amir Bar-Lev tells a complex, harrowing, and moving story that takes an unflinching look at the industry of extreme mountain climbing and its changing culture. Focusing on a 2021 expedition, this documentary follows Icelander John Snorri Sigurjónsson and the Pakistani father-son team of Ali and Sajid Sadpara, a party of mountaineers who set out to be the first to summit K2 in the winter, when the mountain’s conditions are the cruelest. The men soon find themselves sharing the treacherous ascent with influencer climbers and their film crews, commercial expedition clients and a Nepalese team no longer content to help Westerners achieve mountaineering glory. “The Last First: Winter K2” takes us to the icy heights and unpredictable weather of K2 and reveals a surprising and layered story — one of strategy and determination, class and caste, money and power — all under life-and-death circumstances.

“The Last First: Winter K2” is directed by Bar-Lev. The film is produced by Howard T. Owens and Ben Silverman through Propagate Content; Sean Richard produces for Object Studios; and Sarah Thomson and John Battsek serve as producers for Ventureland. The film is executive produced by James Packer, Will Kane, Drew Buckley, Taylor Levin, Isabel San Vargas, Bar-Lev, Kerstin Emhoff and Ali Brown.

Apple TV offers premium, compelling drama and comedy series, feature films, groundbreaking documentaries, and kids and family entertainment, and is available to watch across all of a user’s favorite screens. After its launch on November 1, 2019, Apple TV became the first all-original streaming service to launch around the world, and has premiered more original hits and received more award recognitions faster than any other streaming service in its debut. To date, Apple Original films, documentaries and series have been honored with 906 wins and 3,827 award nominations and counting including multi-Emmy Award-winning and history-making comedies “The Studio” and “Ted Lasso,” global cultural phenomenon “Severance,” Apple’s most-viewed drama “Pluribus,” Academy Award Best Picture winner “CODA” and Academy Award winner “F1,” the highest-grossing sports feature of all time.
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MacDailyNews Take: Apple TV is available on the Apple TV app in over 100 countries and regions, on over 1 billion screens, including iPhone, iPad, Apple TV 4K, Apple Vision Pro, Mac, popular smart TVs from Samsung, LG, Sony, VIZIO, TCL and others, Roku and Amazon Fire TV devices, Chromecast with Google TV, PlayStation and Xbox gaming consoles, and at tv.apple.com, for $14.99 per month with a seven-day free trial for new subscribers. For a limited time, customers who purchase and activate a new iPhone, iPad, Apple TV 4K or Mac can enjoy three months of Apple TV for free.

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Scientists have unveiled a computational design for a terahertz metasurface biosensor that combines five distinct materials—graphene, MXene, tungsten disulfide, gold, and copper—into a single multilayer architecture capable of detecting refractive-index changes associated with chikungunya virus infection. The study, published in Results in Optics by G. Arunachalam, A.R. Kalaiarasi, Giri.G. Hallur, and V. Parthasarathy, reports a numerically predicted sensitivity of 907 GHz per refractive-index unit, among the highest values reported for hybrid-material terahertz biosensors, and couples the electromagnetic design to an XGBoost machine-learning surrogate model that predicts sensor behavior with accuracies exceeding 99.8 percent.

Chikungunya virus is an enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA alphavirus transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. While mortality remains low, generally below 0.1 percent, the broader public health burden arises from severe polyarthralgia that can persist for months or even years in a substantial fraction of patients across tropical and subtropical regions. With no approved antiviral therapy or licensed vaccine currently available, diagnostic accuracy sits at the center of clinical management and transmission control. Yet existing diagnostic tools face significant practical constraints, particularly in point-of-care and field settings.

Serological methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay suffer from cross-reactivity with related alphaviruses, including Ross River and O’nyong-nyong viruses, reducing diagnostic specificity. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction offers high sensitivity during the acute phase but depends on laboratory infrastructure, trained personnel, and controlled sample handling. Virus isolation in cell culture provides confirmatory results but requires biosafety level-3 facilities and extended processing time. These limitations have motivated the search for rapid, label-free sensing approaches capable of operating at clinically relevant concentrations in decentralized environments.

The new work turns to the terahertz band, spanning roughly 0.1 to 10 THz, which lies between microwave and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Terahertz radiation is non-ionising, with photon energies in the millielectronvolt range, allowing interaction with biological samples without causing ionising damage. Crucially, terahertz waves couple to low-frequency vibrational and rotational modes of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides, producing measurable spectral features that support label-free detection. Because biological media including blood plasma and viral suspensions exhibit refractive-index variations in this domain, differences on the order of 0.01 to 0.02 refractive-index units can shift resonance frequency and field distribution when coupled to resonant sensing structures.

The proposed sensor is built around a periodically repeated square unit cell containing two identical square resonators, 2000 nanometers on a side, coated with tungsten disulfide—a two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide with strong light–matter interaction, high carrier mobility, and excellent dielectric confinement. This layer localizes the electric field in the sensing region and increases the interaction volume between the resonant field and the surrounding analyte. A pair of concentric circular rings, 3200 and 3800 nanometers in diameter and functionalized with MXene, surrounds the resonators, enhancing electromagnetic coupling, promoting efficient charge transport, and strengthening plasmonic interactions between resonator elements. An outer gold ring, 6000 nanometers in diameter, serves as the main plasmonic resonator supporting strong localized surface plasmon resonances with low optical loss. The entire multi-resonant assembly is embedded within a monolayer graphene sheet measuring 14,000 by 14,000 nanometers, which acts as a broadband absorber and a high-mobility charge transport medium whose electrically tunable chemical potential allows dynamic, active control of the resonance characteristics. Copper elements woven into the architecture provide supplementary conductive pathways that reinforce current distribution and coupling among the hybrid resonators. The structure rests on a silicon dioxide substrate, chosen for its low dielectric loss and mechanical robustness, which preserves the resonance quality factor.

The authors stress that the multilayer design is compatible with established microfabrication techniques. Fabrication would begin with a cleaned silicon dioxide substrate, followed by polymer-assisted transfer of monolayer graphene and thermal annealing. Gold and copper resonators can be deposited through electron-beam evaporation or magnetron sputtering with lift-off patterning, MXene rings through solution-based deposition, and the tungsten disulfide layer through chemical vapor deposition or thin-film transfer. With a unit-cell dimension of approximately 14 micrometers, the required feature sizes fall comfortably within conventional photolithography capabilities, and because fabrication imperfections remain far smaller than the operating terahertz wavelength, moderate tolerances are expected to have only limited influence on the electromagnetic response. For biosensing, the graphene surface could subsequently be functionalized with chikungunya-specific antibodies or aptamers using EDC/NHS or pyrene-based linker chemistries.

The electromagnetic modeling, performed in COMSOL Multiphysics, reveals a pronounced resonance at 0.355 THz, where electric-field simulations show the strongest and most spatially extensive enhancement. Varying the graphene chemical potential from 0.1 to 0.9 electronvolts produced dramatic modulation of the transmission contrast, which increased roughly 36-fold at the highest bias, from less than one percentage point to more than 27 percentage points, while peak transmission remained essentially unchanged above 98.6 percent. This asymmetric response—stable maxima paired with strongly modulated minima—arises because increasing chemical potential enhances graphene’s intraband conductivity, deepening resonant absorption through stronger light–matter interaction. The sensor also demonstrated remarkable angular robustness, maintaining peak transmittance above 97.8 percent across incident angles from 0 to 80 degrees, an important tolerance for realistic deployment where normal incidence cannot always be guaranteed.

Geometric optimization identified an outer circular resonator radius of 2500 nanometers and a square resonator side length of 2500 nanometers as the dimensions that maximize resonance strength, driving minimum transmittance down to approximately 65 to 67 percent and signifying optimal electromagnetic confinement within the active sensing region. When evaluated across refractive indices from 1.33 to 1.39, a range encompassing reported values for healthy plasma (approximately 1.35 RIU), healthy platelets (1.39 RIU), chikungunya-infected plasma (1.33 RIU), and infected platelets (1.38 RIU), the optimized configuration achieved a maximum sensitivity of 907 GHz/RIU, a figure of merit of 18.519 RIU⁻¹, a minimum detection limit of 0.061 RIU, a sensor resolution of 55.178, and a refractive-index resolution of 0.001 RIU. In comparative benchmarks against recently reported graphene- and hybrid-material-based terahertz biosensors—including graphene/copper/aluminum, graphene/silicon dioxide, MXene–graphene–black phosphorus, and graphene-integrated copper–silver designs—the proposed architecture’s sensitivity exceeded most published values, reflecting the synergistic field confinement produced by the five-material stack.

The machine-learning component addresses one of the central bottlenecks in metasurface development: the computational cost of repeated full-wave finite-element simulations during structural optimization. The team trained an XGBoost regressor, an ensemble method based on gradient-boosted decision trees, on simulation data covering incidence-angle variation and circular-ring dimension variation, using stratified sampling with 80 percent of data for training and 20 percent held out for independent testing, alongside five-fold cross-validation and grid-search hyperparameter optimization. The model captured more than 99.7 percent of response variance on unseen data, with mean absolute percentage errors below 0.162 percent and prediction accuracies from 99.838 to 99.959 percent. Acting as a computational surrogate, the trained model enables rapid interpolation across the design space without sacrificing the fidelity of the underlying electromagnetic model.

The authors are careful to frame the work as a computational proof-of-concept rather than an experimentally validated diagnostic. The sensor detects changes in the local dielectric environment surrounding the resonators, not viral particles or nucleic acids directly, and refractive-index sensing alone cannot intrinsically distinguish chikungunya from other viruses with similar dielectric properties. Analytical specificity in practice will depend on surface biofunctionalization with chikungunya-specific recognition molecules immobilized on the graphene or gold sensing surface. Future work will focus on device fabrication, biofunctionalization, calibration with reference refractive-index standards, experimental validation with clinically relevant plasma and platelet samples, and systematic evaluation of selectivity against related arboviruses—steps that would transform this numerically validated platform into a practical tool for rapid, label-free infectious disease diagnostics in the field.

Ceiling lights are usually one of those home products that disappear into the background once they are installed. BlitzWill BW-CLT2, however, takes a different approach by combining a conventional main ceiling light with a separate RGB ambient-lighting effect.

The result is a fixture designed to handle two different jobs: providing practical illumination for everyday activities while also giving a room a more customizable atmosphere when bright white lighting is not what you want. The BlitzWill BW-CLT2 is designed to replace a conventional ceiling fixture with a more flexible smart home lighting setup.

The 40cm BlitzWill BW-CLT2 supports adjustable color temperature from 2700K to 6500K and can be controlled through an app, voice commands, or a remote control. It also supports DIY scene settings, giving users more control than a basic on/off ceiling lamp.

One Ceiling Light, Two Different Lighting Roles

The combination of adjustable white light and RGB effects also makes the BW-CLT2 more versatile than a basic smart LED ceiling light.

For normal use, the primary light can provide the room’s everyday illumination. The adjustable 2700K–6500K range gives users the flexibility to move between warmer and cooler-looking white light depending on the time of day or the atmosphere they want.

The RGB section serves a different purpose. Instead of replacing the main light, it can be used to add color around the room and create a softer background effect.

That separation makes the design more practical than an RGB-only lamp. You can keep the main light focused on visibility while using the colored lighting to change the mood.

2700K to 6500K Gives More Control Over the Room

A fixed-color ceiling lamp can work perfectly well, but it gives you little flexibility once the fixture is installed.

The BW-CLT2 takes a more adaptable approach with a 2700K–6500K adjustable color-temperature range. Warmer settings can suit relaxed evening use, while cooler white light can be more appropriate when you need a brighter, more functional environment.

This makes the light suitable for spaces that serve multiple purposes. A bedroom, study, living room, or gaming area can all require different lighting at different times.

Rather than buying separate lights for different situations, the BW-CLT2 puts those adjustments into one ceiling fixture.

Smart Controls Make Daily Adjustments Easier

Another advantage is that the BW-CLT2 is not limited to a physical wall switch.

The product supports app control, voice control and a dedicated remote, giving users several ways to change the lighting.

App-based control is particularly useful for people who prefer adjusting lighting from a phone, while the remote provides a more traditional option for quick changes.

The combination also means the light does not have to be treated as a purely decorative smart-home gadget. It can still be operated in a straightforward way when you simply want to change the lighting without opening an app.

DIY Scenes Are More Useful Than They Sound

The BW-CLT2 also includes a DIY scene mode, which is one of the features that separates it from a basic adjustable LED ceiling lamp.

Instead of repeatedly changing brightness, color temperature, or RGB effects manually, users can create lighting combinations suited to particular situations.

For example, one setup could prioritize a brighter white light for working, while another could use warmer illumination with RGB ambience for watching movies or relaxing.

The important point is not simply that the lamp has RGB lighting. It is that the different lighting elements can be used as part of a more personalized room setup.

Is the 40cm Size a Good Fit?

At 40cm, the BW-CLT2 occupies a middle ground between small decorative fixtures and larger ceiling panels.

That makes it potentially suitable for bedrooms, smaller living spaces, studies, gaming rooms, and other areas where a large ceiling fixture may look excessive.

However, buyers should consider the dimensions of their room before choosing it. A 40cm fixture may be a sensible fit for a compact or medium-sized space, while a much larger room could require additional lighting.

What Buyers Should Consider

The BW-CLT2 makes the most sense for people who want more than basic ceiling illumination.

Its strongest feature is arguably the combination of practical white lighting and RGB ambience. The adjustable 2700K–6500K range handles everyday lighting needs, while the RGB system and DIY scenes add a more decorative element.

It is also worth remembering that smart-lighting features are most valuable when you actually plan to use them. If you only need a simple ceiling lamp that stays at one brightness and color, a conventional LED fixture may be enough.

For users who want to experiment with room lighting, however, the BW-CLT2 offers considerably more flexibility in a single fixture.

BlitzWill BW-CLT2: A Flexible Upgrade for a Smart Home

BlitzWill BW-CLT2 Smart Ceiling Light is less about adding another colorful gadget to a room and more about combining several lighting functions into one ceiling fixture.

Its 40cm form factor, adjustable 2700K–6500K white lighting, RGB ambience, multiple control methods, and DIY scene support give it a broader role than a standard ceiling lamp.

Banggood’s EU-direct listing currently shows the BW-CLT2 at around $52.99, although the final price can change with promotions, region, taxes, and availability.

For shoppers looking to make a room more adaptable without filling the ceiling with multiple lighting fixtures, the BW-CLT2 is an interesting option worth considering.

The post BlitzWill BW-CLT2 Smart Ceiling Light Combines Everyday Illumination With RGB Ambience appeared first on IGeeKphone China Phone, Tablet PC, VR, RC Drone News, Reviews.

ALLDOCUBE has officially introduced the Coolplay Pad Pro 2, a new Android tablet aimed at users who want a larger screen without giving up cellular connectivity. The tablet combines a 12.1-inch high-resolution display, a 10,000mAh battery, 4G dual-SIM support and Android 16-based software, making it an interesting option in the Android tablet market.”

The tablet is priced at 1,299 yuan (about $182) for the 8GB RAM and 128GB storage configuration. During the initial sales period, buyers can also receive an 80-yuan discount coupon, bringing the effective price down to 1,219 yuan.

12.1-Inch 2.5K Display With 90Hz Refresh Rate

The Coolplay Pad Pro 2 focuses heavily on its large display. It features a 12.1-inch IPS panel with a 2.5K resolution and 90Hz refresh rate, providing more screen space for video streaming, web browsing, gaming and productivity tasks.

The panel uses an in-cell fully laminated design, which helps reduce the gap between the display layers. This can make content appear closer to the surface while also improving the overall viewing experience compared with a conventional non-laminated screen.

For a tablet in this price range, the combination of a 2.5K resolution and 90Hz refresh rate gives the Coolplay Pad Pro 2 a more capable multimedia setup than a basic entry-level Android tablet.

Helio G100 Chip and 8GB RAM

Powering the tablet is MediaTek’s Helio G100 octa-core processor, with a maximum clock speed of 2.2GHz. ALLDOCUBE says the device scores more than 500,000 points in AnTuTu, although real-world performance will naturally vary depending on software, temperature and testing conditions.

The standard configuration includes 8GB of RAM and 128GB of UFS storage. Users who need additional space can expand the storage with a TF card supporting capacities of up to 1TB.

This hardware combination should be suitable for everyday activities such as browsing, video playback, social apps, office work and casual gaming. More demanding games may require lower graphics settings to maintain consistent performance.

4G Connectivity With Dual SIM Support

One of the tablet’s biggest selling points is its cellular connectivity. Unlike Wi-Fi-only tablets, the Coolplay Pad Pro 2 supports 4G connectivity with dual-SIM support, allowing it to stay online without relying on a nearby Wi-Fi network.

The tablet supports voice calls, SMS messaging and mobile data through major domestic carriers. This makes it more versatile for users who want a tablet that can remain connected without relying on a nearby Wi-Fi network.

For commuters, travelers or users who prefer a large screen for communication and mobile internet, the 4G functionality could be one of the device’s most practical features.

10,000mAh Battery and 33W Charging

The Coolplay Pad Pro 2 packs a 10,000mAh battery, giving the tablet a substantial power reserve for a large-screen device.

Charging is supported through 33W PD fast charging with PPS protocol support. However, the tablet does not include a charging adapter in the standard package, so buyers may need to purchase a compatible charger separately.

The large battery should be particularly useful for users who frequently watch videos, browse the web or use mobile data away from a power outlet.

Cameras and Quad-Speaker Audio

For photography and video calls, the tablet features an 8-megapixel front camera and a 16-megapixel rear camera with autofocus.

The rear autofocus camera can be useful for scanning documents, capturing notes or taking quick photos, while the front camera is positioned more toward video calls and everyday communication.

Audio is handled by a four-speaker system with BOX-style acoustic chambers, paired with a digital amplifier chip. The quad-speaker setup is intended to provide a wider audio experience when watching movies, listening to music or playing games.

7.45mm Body and Android 16-Based Software

Despite its large battery and 12.1-inch display, the Coolplay Pad Pro 2 has a body thickness of 7.45mm. The tablet runs ALLDOCUBE OS, a customized interface based on Android 16.

The software gives the tablet a newer Android foundation while providing ALLDOCUBE’s own system experience. Combined with the large display, cellular connectivity and expandable storage, the device is positioned as a multifunctional tablet rather than simply a media-consumption product.

ALLDOCUBE Coolplay Pad Pro 2: Who Is It For?

The Coolplay Pad Pro 2 takes a straightforward approach: a large 12.1-inch 2.5K display, 90Hz refresh rate, 10,000mAh battery and 4G dual-SIM connectivity are combined into a relatively affordable Android tablet.

Its 4G calling and dual-SIM support could be especially appealing to buyers who want a standalone tablet for mobile data and communication. Meanwhile, the 2.5K 90Hz panel and quad-speaker system make it better suited to entertainment than many entry-level tablets.

At 1,299 yuan, or 1,219 yuan after the launch discount, the Coolplay Pad Pro 2 could be an interesting option for users prioritizing screen size, battery capacity and cellular connectivity over flagship-level processing power.

The post ALLDOCUBE Coolplay Pad Pro 2 Launches With 12.1-Inch 2.5K 90Hz Display and 4G Dual SIM appeared first on IGeeKphone China Phone, Tablet PC, VR, RC Drone News, Reviews.

Apple now sells three Apple Watches, and for most sports the answer is the middle one. The Apple Watch Series 12 at $399 covers running, swimming and everyday health tracking on Apple’s own numbers, the Ultra 4 at $799 earns its price only if your day runs past 10 hours of workout tracking or your […]

The post Apple Watch by Activity: What the Specs Say for a Runner, a Swimmer, a Hiker and a Desk Worker appeared first on The Mac Observer.