Hoy, en Ciencia Fresca, Ángel R. Lozano nos invita a viajar hasta los océanos del Cretácico para descubrir a unos sorprendentes depredadores gigantes que recuerdan a los legendarios kraken. Un estudio publicado en Science revela que enormes pulpos con tentáculos de hasta 19 metros pudieron competir con mosasaurios y tiburones en la cima de la cadena alimentaria marina. Gracias a un novedoso método denominado “minería digital de fósiles”, los investigadores han averiguado cómo eran estas criaturas a partir de mandíbulas fósiles y sus marcas de desgaste. Además, Jorge Laborda explora otro avance fascinante: la posibilidad de convertir células del sistema inmunitario en auténticas fábricas vivas de anticuerpos. Un nuevo trabajo demuestra que es posible reprogramar células madre de la médula ósea para producir defensas terapéuticas de forma duradera y adaptable.

We are writers and editors reading the research, not clinicians, paediatricians, or child psychologists. What follows is reflection on published studies, not guidance for any individual family. The findings here are drawn from controlled research; population-level patterns are not prescriptions for your own child.

Feed some children sugar and others a sugar-free sweetener, and make sure nobody knows who got which. When you do that, the sugar does nothing measurable to how the children behave. That is the result pooled across roughly two dozen experiments in a 1995 review, and it has held up for three decades.

The children on sugar do not get more wound up. What changes, in a separate line of research, is the adult watching them.

Two dozen trials, no measurable effect

The anchor is a review published in JAMA in 1995 by Mark Wolraich, David Wilson and J. Wade White, then in the Department of Pediatrics at Vanderbilt University. Pulling together the controlled trials available at the time, they concluded that “sugar (mainly sucrose) does not affect the behavior or cognitive performance of children”. Reviewers note the analysis covered 23 experiments across 16 scientific papers, which is where the “two dozen” figure comes from.

This does not prove sugar can never matter. A small effect, or an effect in some particular group of children, could not be ruled out. What the pooled trials showed was no demonstrable change in behaviour, not certainty that sugar is harmless for everyone. The popular version tends to flatten into “sugar has no effect, full stop,” which the data does not quite support.

Why the trial design matters

The strength of the finding comes from how strict the rules were. To count, a study had to feed children a set amount of sugar, compare it against a look-alike sweetener, and keep everyone in the dark about which was which: the children, the parents, and the research staff all had to be kept from knowing.

That last part shapes everything. If a parent does not know sugar was served, they cannot pin behaviour on it. Picture a parent watching a child eat cake at a party and then act up: the parent has already decided what caused it. Take away that knowledge, and the effect disappears. Which raises the obvious question of where the effect was coming from in the first place.

The experiment where the parent was the variable

A study published a year earlier, in 1994, answered it about as directly as an experiment can. Daniel Hoover and Richard Milich, at the University of Kentucky, tested thirty-five boys, aged five to seven, whose mothers described them as sensitive to sugar.

The trick was in what the mothers were told. As the authors put it: “In the experimental group, mothers were told their children had received a large dose of sugar, whereas in the control condition mothers were told their sons received a placebo; all children actually received the placebo (aspartame).” Every boy got the sugar-free sweetener, but half the mothers were told their sons had been loaded with sugar.

The only thing that varied was the belief planted in the mother. And that belief moved the ratings. The authors report: “Mothers in the sugar expectancy condition rated their children as significantly more hyperactive.” How much trouble they saw tracked the story they had been given, not anything the child had eaten.

The behaviour that actually shifted was the mother’s own. The authors note that these mothers “exercised more control by maintaining physical closeness, as well as showing trends to criticize, look at, and talk to their sons more than did control mothers.” 

This is one small study of thirty-five boys, so read it as a vivid demonstration of how the effect works, not a universal law about all parents. The direction, though, is hard to miss. Told a child had been given sugar, a mother hovered closer, watched harder, and found more to correct.

Why the belief outlasts the evidence

The 1995 authors had a plain explanation for why the belief persists despite the trials: expectation and simple association.

Sugar tends to turn up alongside the things that wind children up. Birthday parties, holidays, late nights, crowds of other children, a break from routine. The cake is present at the chaos, so the cake gets the blame.

An expectation, once held, tends to confirm itself in ways that are hard to spot from the inside. A parent who believes sugar causes trouble watches the child more closely after sugar, and closer watching finds more to flag. The child does not have to change for the report to change. Anyone who has scrutinised someone more carefully because they were warned to expect a problem has run a small version of this experiment without meaning to.

None of this means sugar is good for children. This is not an argument about diet or dental health, which are separate questions with their own evidence. The narrow claim is only this: under blinded conditions, the behaviour change so many adults are sure they have seen does not seem to show up.

The sugar-and-hyperactivity story may end up being less about children than about how confidently an adult can misread a moment once they already know what the answer is supposed to be.

If you are worried about a child’s attention or activity levels,  we recommend you consult a paediatrician or child psychologist rather than making any decisions on articles such as this.

The post Sugar may not make children hyperactive: across two dozen controlled trials the sugar did nothing measurable. In one small experiment, what changed was the parent — mothers who thought their sons had been given sugar rated them as more hyperactive and hovered closer. appeared first on Space Daily.

CLICCA QUI PER CONTINUARE A LEGGERE

New navigation satellites in low-Earth orbit could provide 100 times stronger signal strength compared to GPS and other global navigation satellite systems operating from higher orbital altitudes—enabling greater location accuracy within dense cities, under thick foliage, and even inside buildings. Such signals would also likely prove more resilient to interference at a time when commercial flights, maritime shipping, and even various smartphone apps face increasingly widespread disruption from GPS jamming.

That vision may start to take shape when the first six production satellites of California-based Xona Space Systems are scheduled to launch in October 2026, with early service starting in 2027. Once the full constellation of 258 Pulsar satellites has been launched in the following years, Xona claims that customers will be able to accurately pinpoint their locations anywhere on Earth to within several centimeters.

“That added power means that we can get into that indoor environment that GPS can't get to today,” Adrien Perkins, co-founder and VP of engineering at Xona Space Systems, told Ars. “Our higher power allows you to get into those jamming environments a lot further than you would with GPS by itself.”

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New navigation satellites in low-Earth orbit could provide 100 times stronger signal strength compared to GPS and other global navigation satellite systems operating from higher orbital altitudes—enabling greater location accuracy within dense cities, under thick foliage, and even inside buildings. Such signals would also likely prove more resilient to interference at a time when commercial flights, maritime shipping, and even various smartphone apps face increasingly widespread disruption from GPS jamming.

That vision may start to take shape when the first six production satellites of California-based Xona Space Systems are scheduled to launch in October 2026, with early service starting in 2027. Once the full constellation of 258 Pulsar satellites has been launched in the following years, Xona claims that customers will be able to accurately pinpoint their locations anywhere on Earth to within several centimeters.

“That added power means that we can get into that indoor environment that GPS can't get to today,” Adrien Perkins, co-founder and VP of engineering at Xona Space Systems, told Ars. “Our higher power allows you to get into those jamming environments a lot further than you would with GPS by itself.”

Read full article

Comments

New navigation satellites in low-Earth orbit could provide 100 times stronger signal strength compared to GPS and other global navigation satellite systems operating from higher orbital altitudes—enabling greater location accuracy within dense cities, under thick foliage, and even inside buildings. Such signals would also likely prove more resilient to interference at a time when commercial flights, maritime shipping, and even various smartphone apps face increasingly widespread disruption from GPS jamming.

That vision may start to take shape when the first six production satellites of California-based Xona Space Systems are scheduled to launch in October 2026, with early service starting in 2027. Once the full constellation of 258 Pulsar satellites has been launched in the following years, Xona claims that customers will be able to accurately pinpoint their locations anywhere on Earth to within several centimeters.

“That added power means that we can get into that indoor environment that GPS can't get to today,” Adrien Perkins, co-founder and VP of engineering at Xona Space Systems, told Ars. “Our higher power allows you to get into those jamming environments a lot further than you would with GPS by itself.”

Read full article

Comments

In South Korea’s 2015 census, one in five people was named Kim: 21.5 percent of the population, or 10.69 million people. Next came Lee at 14.7 percent, Park at 8.4 percent and Choi at 4.7 percent. Add those four together and you approach half a country of roughly 51 million. Stretch the list to the ten most common surnames and you cover 63.9 percent of everyone, barely down from 64.1 percent in 2000.

Picture that in a Seoul subway carriage. A dozen people named Kim might be sitting together, none of them related. So why does a country of tens of millions run on such a short list of names?

The answer sits mostly in the last two centuries of Korean history.

Why the pool of names is so small

For most of the Joseon dynasty, a surname was a sign of rank, not something everyone had. Family names belonged to the yangban, the aristocracy. Commoners and enslaved people generally had none. The story of Korea’s few surnames is really the story of how everyone below the aristocracy eventually got one, and which names they reached for.

The spread began long before any law required it. A study of one prefecture’s census records, reported by Moon Ki-hoon in The Korea Herald, found that the share of local households without a surname fell from 45 percent in 1681 to just 6 percent in 1816.

The 1894 turning point and the rush to noble names

The legal end of the class system came with the Gabo Reform of 1894. When surnames finally became universal, the people newly free to choose one tended to pick from a small set of high-status clans. Kim, Lee and Park were the obvious picks, and for a clear reason.

Andrew Eungi Kim, a professor at Korea University’s Graduate School of International Studies, told ESPN that “those names were the most prestigious for having produced large numbers of kings, royalties and other historically significant figures.” In a society where family line shaped your opportunities, choosing such a name carried real weight. The top three surnames now cover 44.6 percent of the population, a share that has barely moved since the Joseon era.

Once taken, those names held firm. Yumi Moon, a historian of East Asia at Stanford University, explained the taboo against dropping an inherited name: “Changing your surname [which is] inherited from your ancestors is disgraceful, according to the custom of the olden.” A name chosen for advantage in one generation became, in the next, an ancestral inheritance nobody would think to change.

Living with a short list of names

So many shared names creates practical problems, and Koreans built a workaround into the system: the bon-gwan, or ancestral seat. Two people can both be named Kim yet belong to completely separate clans, each traced to a different founding region. The largest, the Gimhae Kim clan, has around 4 million members, with the Gyeongju Kim adding roughly 1.5 million more.

That distinction once mattered in law. An old rule banned marriage between two people who shared both a surname and an ancestral seat. In practice, millions of unrelated Gimhae Kim could not marry one another. The Constitutional Court ruled the ban unconstitutional on 16 July 1997. A revised Civil Code, narrowing the ban to close blood relatives, took effect on 31 March 2005.

Custom has proved harder to shift than law. Kim Beom-jun, a professor at Sungkyunkwan University, notes that “In Korea, the Confucian tradition still runs deep with people, an example of which is the practice of not allowing their children to use different surnames from those of their fathers.” He does not expect the mix to change: “I don’t think there will be many changes in the portions of family names in the future, either,” he said.

There is one quiet source of new variety. The 2015 census recorded 5,582 distinct surnames, more than 4,800 of them newly registered since 2000. Most came from naturalised citizens writing foreign names into Hangul. The list is growing at the edges even as its centre holds. Whether a handful of clans can keep anchoring the identity of a slowly diversifying country is the open question the census leaves behind. 

The post Nearly half of South Korea’s roughly 51 million citizens share just four family names — Kim (about 21.5 percent of the population), Lee (14.7 percent), Park (8.4 percent) and Choi (4.7 percent) — a legacy of the country’s history: commoners were only formally granted surnames within the last 150 years, and many took those already held by nobility appeared first on Space Daily.

SAVE $400: As of July 16, the ASUS ROG Swift 32-inch gaming monitor is down to $899 at Amazon. That's a 31% discount from its $1,299.99 list price.

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ASUS ROG Swift 32-Inch 4K OLED Gaming Monitor (PG32UCDMR)

$899 at Amazon
$1,299.99 Save $400.99

 

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The ASUS ROG Swift 32-inch 4K OLED gaming monitor is back at its record-low price at Amazon, dropping to $899 from $1,299.99. That’s a $400 discount, or 31% off one of ASUS’s premium gaming displays. This deal brings its QD-OLED panel, ultra-fast 240Hz refresh rate, and 0.03ms response time to a much more approachable price.

The ASUS ROG Swift 32-inch gaming monitor is built around a 4K QD-OLED panel that delivers sharper visuals, deeper blacks, and more vibrant colors than a typical LCD display. With a 240Hz refresh rate and ultra-fast 0.03ms response time, it’s designed for fast-paced games where smoother motion and quick reactions matter.

This monitor isn’t just for gaming. ASUS says it covers 99% of the DCI-P3 color range and supports true 10-bit color, making it a solid option for photo editing, video work, and other creative tasks where accurate colors matter. It also supports HDR with deeper contrast and brighter highlights for more realistic-looking scenes.

ASUS has also built in features to help the OLED panel stay in top shape over time. A custom cooling system with improved airflow and graphene film helps manage heat, while OLED Care tools work in the background to reduce the risk of burn-in.

Your GPU deserves better. Give it an ASUS ROG Swift 32-inch 4K OLED gaming monitor for $899.

UPDATE: Jul. 16, 2026, 5:00 a.m. EDT After a four-day delay, Tiny Vinyl's new record player and accessories are now available for purchase at Target (both in stores and online). A representative for the company attributed the wait to "typical site updating processes." Our original story follows.

Shop Tiny Vinyl's new accessories:

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Tiny Vinyl Player

$49.99 at Target

Shop Now

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Tiny Vinyl Crate

$19.99 at Target

Shop Now

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Tiny Vinyl 2x2 Frame

$14.99 at Target

Shop Now

The miniature record maker Tiny Vinyl has announced some tiny accessories for its pocket-sized singles, including a new Tiny Vinyl Player ($49.99), storage crate ($19.99), and display frame ($14.99). The lineup is available exclusively at Target starting today, July 12.

Tiny Vinyl debuted last August as a new way for music lovers to enjoy some of their favorite artists' singles in physical format. (For my fellow Millennials out there, they're basically a new take on HitClips.) Each four-inch, fully functional Tiny Vinyl record has one song per side and is numbered, making them highly collectible. The current Tiny Vinyl catalog features releases from several dozen artists, including BTS, Chappell Roan, Doechii, Kid Cudi, Noah Kahan, and Zara Larsson.

In a press release, Tiny Vinyl co-founder Neil Kohler said the company's new accessories are a direct response to fan requests. Co-founder Jesse Mann added: "These new products give music fans and collectors everything they need to build out their own little Tiny Vinyl universe, a setup as fun and personal as the music they love."

Hands-on with Tiny Vinyl's new player and accessories

Tiny Viny's new accessories range in price from $15 to $50. Credit: Haley Henschel / Mashable

Tiny Vinyl records are playable on many standard turntables at 33 1/3 RPM, making the Tiny Vinyl Player an inessential novelty purchase for most adults who are already into the vinyl-collecting hobby. I think it has much more appeal as a "baby's first record player" that parents buy for their kids. My younger self would've had her American Girl Dolls DJing with it. (American Girl actually sells a toy turntable for the same price already, but it's not functional.)

The player is a manual belt-drive turntable in a box with a faux leather exterior. It's about the size of a loaf of bread. Inside, there's a small storage pocket, a simple control panel, and built-in speakers. It has Bluetooth support if you'd prefer to pair it with a nicer wireless speaker or headphones instead. You can also plug in a wired speaker on the back.

The storage pocket can comfortably fit about six Tiny Vinyl records — preferably, ones you're not precious about. When the player's lid is shut, it hits the corners of their gatefolds unless they're pushed to the back of the pocket.

They are, indeed, tiny vinyl. Credit: Haley Henschel / Mashable

The player's control panel features a power button, an audio output selector with an LED indicator light, and a volume slider. When it's on, its silicon platter doesn't start spinning until you unlock its plastic tonearm, raise it with its cue lever, and move it over the platter. The tonearm and its lock are a little delicate; those are the only parts I'd be worried about a child accidentally breaking.

Tiny Vinyl sent me three different mini-records to test on the player. It offers the kind of audio quality you'd expect for $50: pretty tinny, muffled, and a little distorted. (I also played the records on my regular turntable for comparison's sake, and they sounded 10 times better.) On the upside, I couldn't hear the player's interior mechanisms at all when it was on — it runs really quietly.

The Tiny Vinyl Player supports Bluetooth and wired speakers. (That blue indicator light means it's paired with my JBL Charge 5.) Credit: Haley Henschel / Mashable

The Tiny Vinyl Player comes with a USB cord and power adapter. A company representative told me that it should only be plugged into an outlet, as hooking it up to a laptop or another device with a USB port won't give it enough juice to work.

The Tiny Vinyl Crate can hold up to 30 Tiny Vinyl records. It has the same pebbled pleather finish as the player and is designed to sit beneath it. There are four indents on its surface where the player's feet are supposed to go.

The Tiny Vinyl Storage Crate can hold up to 30 mini-records. (I only had three on hand.) Credit: Haley Henschel / Mashable

Tiny Vinyl's new 2x2 Frame is meant to showcase your four favorite Tiny Vinyl covers. Its build quality is also on par for the price: It's made with MDF (medium-density fiberboard) and an acrylic pane. Right out of the box, my initial review unit was splitting in several spots and had dried adhesive on some of its corners. (Update: It was probably a pre-production fluke. Tiny Viny's rep sent over two replacements that were both in perfect condition.)

The display frame comes with four clear plastic sleeves bearing the Tiny Vinyl logo. The company rep confirmed that these are made from polypropylene, which won't damage your records with off-gassing over time like polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sleeves.

Vinyl is back in a not-tiny way

Tiny Vinyl records work on many standard turntables. Credit: Haley Henschel / Mashable

The press release noted that Tiny Vinyl's inception was motivated by two recent trends: miniature collecting and vinyl collecting. The former gained popularity amid the COVID-19 pandemic, largely thanks to videos of miniature builds on social media. They tap into viewers' desire for control, fascination with craft, and penchant for the adorable, experts told NPR last spring.

The vinyl revival, meanwhile, has been brewing for nearly two decades now. According to a report from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), U.S. vinyl sales have seen 19 years of consecutive growth. Last year, they hit $1 billion in revenue for the first time. (That's not even counting pre-owned vinyl.) Call it the Taylor Swift effect: The singer-songwriter's 12th studio album, The Life of a Showgirl, sold over 1.6 million copies on vinyl last year, per a report from Luminate, an entertainment industry analytics company. That's 5.5 times as many units as the second-bestselling vinyl release of 2025, Sabrina Carpenter's Man's Best Friend, which sold 292,000 copies.

There are several factors behind the vinyl resurgence, two being mere nostalgia and consumers' growing interest in owning physical media. Another is because popular artists like Swift (and their labels) are embracing the format alongside their fans.

In recent years, this has increasingly involved a strategy of releasing multiple vinyl variants of the same album as a means of driving sales, according to another Luminate report. These special, often limited-edition pressings boost the collectible factor and fuel fan FOMO. (For her part, Swift released 11 different vinyl variants of TLOAS, including nine webstore exclusives that were only available for a short time.) Tiny Vinyl records, which are chart-eligible with the RIAA and Billboard, are yet more variants to hunt down.

After a slow start to Canada’s 2026 fire season, activity picked up by the end of June amid dry, warm conditions and returned closer to the 25-year average. By mid-July, almost 850 fires were actively burning across the country, according to the Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre. More than 180 of those were burning in Ontario.

This NOAA-21 image, acquired on the afternoon of July 14, 2026, shows smoke billowing from the Ontario fires. Winds carried the smoke primarily southeast over much of the southern part of the province, as well as parts of Quebec and the U.S. Midwest and Northeast, tinting the sky shades of gray and yellow and the Sun orange in many areas.

The smoke’s impact on air quality varied, depending largely on altitude. In areas where smoke was high in the atmosphere, air quality impacts were negligible; where it drifted closer to the ground, conditions worsened. Air quality in Toronto, for instance, reached unhealthy levels, according to AirNow. People in the southern parts of the province were also grappling with a heat wave, compounding the health risks.

Much of the smoke came from fires in Northwestern Ontario, where eight blazes saw significant growth on July 13 and 14. The fires prompted officials to issue evacuation orders for several communities in this part of the province, according to news reports.

As of July 14, fires across Canada have burned 1.9 million hectares (4.7 million acres) since the start of the year—still well below the season totals from the extreme fire years of 2023 and 2025. How the rest of the season plays out remains to be seen. A seasonal fire outlook—compiled by wildland fire experts from the U.S., Canada, and Mexico—shows where fire conditions are more or less likely through July, August, and September.

NASA Earth Observatory image by Lauren Dauphin, using VIIRS data from NASA EOSDIS LANCE , GIBS/Worldview , and the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS). Story by Kathryn Hansen.

Downloads

July 14, 2026

JPEG (3.96 MB)

References & Resources

• AirNow (2026, July 15) Wildfires. Accessed July 15, 2026.
• CBC (2026, July 15) Heat, wildfire smoke combine to create dangerous conditions across southwestern Ontario. Accessed July 15, 2026.
• Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario (2026, July 14) Forest fires. Accessed July 15, 2026.
• National Interagency Fire Center, Natural Resources Canada, and Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (2026, July 14) North American Seasonal Fire Assessment and Outlook. Accessed July 15, 2026.
• The New York Times (2026, July 15) Toronto Under an Orange Sky as Wildfire Smoke Pours Into the U.S. Northeast. Accessed July 15, 2026.
• Reuters (2026, July 15) Canadian wildfire smoke chokes Toronto, threatens US cities. Accessed July 15, 2026.

You may also be interested in:

Stay up-to-date with the latest content from NASA as we explore the universe and discover more about our home planet.

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Cottonwood Fire Chars Utah

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The blaze burned more than 150 square miles and swept through parts of a ski resort.

Article

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The post Ontario Wildfire Smoke Moves East appeared first on NASA Science.

The Moon is starting to reappear on its right side (this will be the left side if you're in the Southern Hemisphere). This means we're in the Waxing Crescent portion of the lunar cycle.

What is today’s Moon phase?

As of Thursday, July 16, NASA's Daily Moon Guide tracker tells us the Moon phase is in Waxing Crescent phase, with just 5% of its surface visible.

Even with visual aids, this is too small a surface area illuminated for us to be able to make out any surface features on the Moon.

When is the next Full Moon?

The next Full Moon will take place on July 29.

What are Moon phases?

The Moon completes one full cycle around Earth in about 29.5 days, moving through eight different phases along the way, NASA explains. Although the same side of the Moon always faces our planet, the amount of sunlight reflecting off its surface changes as it travels around Earth. This changing angle of illumination is what makes the Moon appear to transform throughout the month, from a thin crescent to a half-lit Moon and eventually a fully illuminated Full Moon, before starting the cycle again.

New Moon - The Moon is between Earth and the sun, so the side we see is dark (in other words, it's invisible to the eye).

Waxing Crescent - A small sliver of light appears on the right side (Northern Hemisphere).

First Quarter - Half of the Moon is lit on the right side. It looks like a half-Moon.

Waxing Gibbous - More than half is lit up, but it’s not quite full yet.

Full Moon - The whole face of the Moon is illuminated and fully visible.

Waning Gibbous - The Moon starts losing light on the right side. (Northern Hemisphere)

Third Quarter (or Last Quarter) - Another half-Moon, but now the left side is lit.

Waning Crescent - A thin sliver of light remains on the left side before going dark again.

After a slow start to Canada’s 2026 fire season, activity picked up by the end of June amid dry, warm conditions and returned closer to the 25-year average. By mid-July, almost 850 fires were actively burning across the country, according to the Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre. More than 180 of those were burning in Ontario.

This NOAA-21 image, acquired on the afternoon of July 14, 2026, shows smoke billowing from the Ontario fires. Winds carried the smoke primarily southeast over much of the southern part of the province, as well as parts of Quebec and the U.S. Midwest and Northeast, tinting the sky shades of gray and yellow and the Sun orange in many areas.

The smoke’s impact on air quality varied, depending largely on altitude. In areas where smoke was high in the atmosphere, air quality impacts were negligible; where it drifted closer to the ground, conditions worsened. Air quality in Toronto, for instance, reached unhealthy levels, according to AirNow. People in the southern parts of the province were also grappling with a heat wave, compounding the health risks.

Much of the smoke came from fires in Northwestern Ontario, where eight blazes saw significant growth on July 13 and 14. The fires prompted officials to issue evacuation orders for several communities in this part of the province, according to news reports.

As of July 14, fires across Canada have burned 1.9 million hectares (4.7 million acres) since the start of the year—still well below the season totals from the extreme fire years of 2023 and 2025. How the rest of the season plays out remains to be seen. A seasonal fire outlook—compiled by wildland fire experts from the U.S., Canada, and Mexico—shows where fire conditions are more or less likely through July, August, and September.

NASA Earth Observatory image by Lauren Dauphin, using VIIRS data from NASA EOSDIS LANCE , GIBS/Worldview , and the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS). Story by Kathryn Hansen.

Downloads

July 14, 2026

JPEG (3.96 MB)

References & Resources

• AirNow (2026, July 15) Wildfires. Accessed July 15, 2026.
• CBC (2026, July 15) Heat, wildfire smoke combine to create dangerous conditions across southwestern Ontario. Accessed July 15, 2026.
• Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario (2026, July 14) Forest fires. Accessed July 15, 2026.
• National Interagency Fire Center, Natural Resources Canada, and Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (2026, July 14) North American Seasonal Fire Assessment and Outlook. Accessed July 15, 2026.
• The New York Times (2026, July 15) Toronto Under an Orange Sky as Wildfire Smoke Pours Into the U.S. Northeast. Accessed July 15, 2026.
• Reuters (2026, July 15) Canadian wildfire smoke chokes Toronto, threatens US cities. Accessed July 15, 2026.

You may also be interested in:

Stay up-to-date with the latest content from NASA as we explore the universe and discover more about our home planet.

Fighting Fire With Fire

3 min read

In fire-prone ecosystems in Australia’s Northern Territory, prescribed burns are lit to minimize the severity of fires later in the…

Article

Fires Tear Through Nebraska Grasslands

3 min read

Dry, warm, and windy conditions across the U.S. Great Plains led to extreme fire activity in March 2026.

Article

Cottonwood Fire Chars Utah

5 min read

The blaze burned more than 150 square miles and swept through parts of a ski resort.

Article

Keep Exploring

Discover More from NASA Earth Science

Subscribe to Earth Observatory Newsletters

Subscribe to the Earth Observatory and get the Earth in your inbox.

Earth Observatory Image of the Day

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Explore Earth Science

Earth Science Data

Open access to NASA’s archive of Earth science data

Today's Connections: Sports Edition will be easier if you watch Indiana sports.

As we've shared in previous hints stories, this is a version of the popular New York Times word game that seeks to test the knowledge of sports fans.

Like the original Connections, the game is all about finding the "common threads between words." And just like Wordle, Connections resets after midnight, and each new set of words gets trickier and trickier — so we've served up some hints and tips to get you over the hurdle.

If you just want to be told today's puzzle, you can jump to the end of this article for the latest Connections solution. But if you'd rather solve it yourself, keep reading for some clues, tips, and strategies to assist you.

What is Connections: Sports Edition?

The NYT's latest daily word game has launched in association with The Athletic, the New York Times property that provides the publication's sports coverage. The sports Connections can be played on both web browsers and mobile devices and require players to group four words that share something in common.

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Each puzzle features 16 words, and each grouping of words is split into four categories. These sets could comprise anything from book titles, software, country names, etc. Even though multiple words will seem like they fit together, there's only one correct answer.

If a player gets all four words in a set correct, those words are removed from the board. Guess wrong and it counts as a mistake — players get up to four mistakes before the game ends.

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Players can also rearrange and shuffle the board to make spotting connections easier. Additionally, each group is color-coded with yellow being the easiest, followed by green, blue, and purple. Like Wordle, you can share the results with your friends on social media.

Here's a hint for today's Connections: Sports Edition categories

Want a hint about the categories without being told the categories? Then give these a try:

• Yellow: Indiana

• Green: Big dogs

• Blue: Horse riding

• Purple: Famous domes

Here are today's Connections: Sports Edition categories

Need a little extra help? Today's connections fall into the following categories:

• Yellow: Indiana Teams

• Green: Bulldogs

• Blue: Equestrian Equipment

• Purple: ___Dome

Looking for Wordle today? Here's the answer to today's Wordle.

Ready for the answers? This is your last chance to turn back and solve today's puzzle before we reveal the solutions.

Drumroll, please!

The solution to today's Connections: Sports Edition #661 is...

What is the answer to Connections: Sports Edition today?

• Indiana Teams: COLTS, FEVER, HOOSIERS, PACERS

• Bulldogs: BUTLER, GONZAGA, MISSISSIPPI STATE, YALE

• Equestrian Equipment: BIT, REINS, SADDLE, STIRRUPS

• ___Dome: ASTRO, FARGO, GEORGIA, SUPER

Don't feel down if you didn't manage to guess it this time. There will be new sports Connections for you to stretch your brain with tomorrow, and we'll be back again to guide you with more helpful hints.

Are you also playing NYT Strands? See hints and answers for today's Strands.

If you're looking for more puzzles, Mashable's got games now! Check out our games hub for Mahjong, Sudoku, free crossword, and more.

Not the day you're after? Here's the solution to yesterday's Connections.

The NYT Connections puzzle today is not too difficult if you're precise.

Connections is the one of the most popular New York Times word games that's captured the public's attention. The game is all about finding the "common threads between words." And just like Wordle, Connections resets after midnight and each new set of words gets trickier and trickier—so we've served up some hints and tips to get you over the hurdle.

If you just want to be told today's puzzle, you can jump to the end of this article for today's Connections solution. But if you'd rather solve it yourself, keep reading for some clues, tips, and strategies to assist you.

What is Connections?

The NYT's latest daily word game has become a social media hit. The Times credits associate puzzle editor Wyna Liu with helping to create the new word game and bringing it to the publications' Games section. Connections can be played on both web browsers and mobile devices and require players to group four words that share something in common.

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Each puzzle features 16 words and each grouping of words is split into four categories. These sets could comprise of anything from book titles, software, country names, etc. Even though multiple words will seem like they fit together, there's only one correct answer.

If a player gets all four words in a set correct, those words are removed from the board. Guess wrong and it counts as a mistake—players get up to four mistakes until the game ends.

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Players can also rearrange and shuffle the board to make spotting connections easier. Additionally, each group is color-coded with yellow being the easiest, followed by green, blue, and purple. Like Wordle, you can share the results with your friends on social media.

Here's a hint for today's Connections categories

Want a hint about the categories without being told the categories? Then give these a try:

• Yellow: Beauty regimen

• Green: Dark colors

• Blue: Exact

• Purple: A speck

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Here are today's Connections categories

Need a little extra help? Today's connections fall into the following categories:

• Yellow: Skincare products

• Green: Shades of black

• Blue: Associated with precision

• Purple: Starting with tiny marks

Looking for Wordle today? Here's the answer to today's Wordle.

Ready for the answers? This is your last chance to turn back and solve today's puzzle before we reveal the solutions.

Drumroll, please!

The solution to today's Connections #1131 is...

What is the answer to Connections today

• Skincare products: CLAY MASK, EYE CREAM, PEEL, TONER

• Shades of black: CHARCOAL, INK, JET, PITCH

• Associated with precision: BULLSEYE, CLOCKWORK, LASER, NEEDLE

• Starting with tiny marks: DOT MATRIX, PERIOD PIECE, POINT BREAK, SPOT REMOVER

Are you also playing NYT Strands? Get all the Strands hints you need for today's puzzle.

If you're looking for more puzzles, Mashable's got games now! Check out our games hub for Mahjong, Sudoku, free crossword, and more.

Not the day you're after? Here's the solution to yesterday's Connections.

A comunidade entusiasta de Linux não tem limites. Assim como Doom é portado para qualquer eletrônico que tenha um chip, o sistema operacional do pinguim também é instalado em qualquer nível de hardware. Uma prova disso é o SO em um SEGA 32X, aquela expansão do Mega Drive, com duas CPUs de 23 MHz e incríveis 256 KB de memória RAM, tamanho muito menor que qualquer foto de celular hoje em dia.

O responsável por essa façanha é o desenvolvedor espanhol conhecido como "cakehonolulu", que conseguiu compilar e inicializar o kernel Linux junto com o BusyBox no antigo acessório de 16 bits lançado em 1994.

Embora o SEGA 32X fosse considerado potente para sua época, trazendo dois processadores Hitachi SuperH SH2 de 23 MHz para auxiliar o antigo processador Motorola 68000 do Mega Drive, além de expandir a paleta para até 32.000 cores na tela, fazê-lo rodar um sistema operacional moderno trouxe desafios significativos.

Mesmo o Linux ainda é muito para um hardware tão defasado

Entre os principais obstáculos enfrentados pelo desenvolvedor estavam a quantidade extremamente limitada de memória RAM, a ausência de sincronização de hardware e a falta de acesso direto a portas UART (para comunicação serial). Além disso, cakehonolulu teve que superar bugs de agendador e insistiu no desafio extra de fazer multiprocessamento simétrico funcionar, para que o Linux pudesse utilizar ambos os núcleos de processamento SH2 de forma cooperativa.

Para alcançar o sucesso, ele contou com o auxílio do kit de desenvolvimento Chilly Willy, do projeto "linuxmd", de cartuchos flash baseados em FPGA da Krikzz e de documentações antigas sobre a arquitetura dos chips da Hitachi.

Curiosamente, esse não é o primeiro projeto retrô de cakehonolulu: ele também foi o responsável por portar o Linux para o Atari Jaguar (console de 1993). Para o programador, esses ports complexos em hardwares antigos e exóticos não são apenas hobbies, mas servem como um portfólio de engenharia que ele espera utilizar para se destacar no mercado e conseguir um novo emprego na área de tecnologia.

E se você não sabe nada de Linux, dá uma conferida nessas coisas que você provavelmente não sabia sobre o sistema do pinguim.

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