Osmond Chia (Hacker News, 9To5Mac, Engadget):

Apple plans to raise the prices of its products as the cost of the memory chips it uses has surged, the technology giant’s boss has said.

Tim Cook, Apple’s outgoing chief executive, told the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) that price increases were “unavoidable” as the situation around memory chips had become “unsustainable”.

Nick Heer:

During its holiday quarter, Apple’s profit margin on hardware was 40.7%; in its most recent quarter, that dropped to 38.7% — a remarkable figure for physical products. It is these high margins that led to analysts like Ming-Chi Kuo to claim Apple would keep prices more-or-less stable and offset the additional costs through its even higher-margin — 76.7% — services business.

Adam Engst:

Winkler suggests in his summary that Apple has absorbed the cost increases so far because it has always treated memory and storage upgrades as profit centers. That’s no surprise to the Apple community, which has long chafed at Apple’s premium prices for memory and storage. But now, for instance, the price of standalone internal flash storage is closer to and sometimes even higher than Apple’s upgrade prices.

[…]

Obviously, Apple could absorb such costs and more if it were to accept dramatically lower gross margins. But as high-minded and customer-focused as Apple is, the company is still in business to maximize profit.

I was recently looking to add another SSD and a few hard drives to my setup. Normally, prices go down over time, but currently it SSDs are about double the price I paid last year, and large hard drives are almost triple.

John Gruber (Hacker News):

Apple, to my recollection, has never before issued a warning about price increases. Keep in mind that Apple deals with prices in a very different way from its competitors. For Apple, prices are part of a product’s brand, so they don’t fluctuate with component costs.

Chance Miller (Hacker News, MacRumors, Mac Power Users):

Apple has raised prices across the board for many of its products today. MacBook Neo now starts at $699 (up from $599), while MacBook Air now starts at $1299 (up from $1099). Other impacted products include MacBook Pro, iPad, iPad Air, and many more. iPhone, Apple Watch, and AirPods pricing is unchanged.

Ben Lovejoy:

Earlier this week, I outlined three reasons for agreeing with Mark Gurman that the Apple price increases could be imminent, and that indeed proved to be the case.

iPhones have escaped the increases, but they are otherwise both broad-reaching and pretty dramatic. But perhaps the most surprising thing is that the MacBook Neo has been included …

Tim Hardwick:

Apple today increased the starting price of the Mac mini with M4 Pro chip by $200, taking the higher-tier model up to $1,599 on its online store.

[…]

Apple had already raised the Mac mini’s effective starting price in May by discontinuing the $599 configuration with 16GB of RAM and a 256GB SSD, leaving the $799 model with a 512GB SSD as the new entry-level option. Interestingly, the 16GB RAM / 256GB storage option has now been reinstated, but the $799 starting price remains.

Stephen Hackett has a table of the old and new prices.

Nick Heer:

Pre-announce it with a small delay, thus giving you a temporary sales boost as people scramble to get their orders in at current prices, and to soften the blow when the increases hit.

Matt Birchler:

I also can’t help but see that “we need to begin raising prices on a number of products, including today’s increases for iPad and Mac,” statement as implying more increases are coming. The iPhone price increase seems inevitable, and my money is on it starting with the new models in September.

Simon Sharwood:

Micron CEO, president and chairman Sanjay Mehrotra explained the SCAs in prepared remarks delivered during the company’s Q3 earnings call. He explained that Micron has signed 16 SCAs, most of them covering 2026 to 2030, and that they involve a commitment to buy a certain quantity of product and pay for it in a pricing band that has a floor and a ceiling price. The floor price covers the historically high gross margins mentioned above, and the ceiling price means those who commit to an SCA are insulated if memory prices go even higher.

Previously:

• SpaceX Acquires xAI, Goes Public, Acquires Cursor
• MacBook Neo Sales
• Hetzner Price Hikes
• 1Password’s Price Hike
• Pair Networks Price Increase
• Apple Services Price Hikes
• Price Increases for Developer Tools

Update (2026-06-26): Hartley Charlton:

Micron’s chief business officer has hinted, without calling it out by name, that Apple’s tough supplier negotiations contributed to the conditions behind the global memory shortage.

M.G. Siegler:

For years, Apple has been able to dominate and dictate to their suppliers thanks to their scale. But the Asian operations which Tim Cook so famously set up, have been upended, like most everything else, by AI. From TSMC on down, Apple is no longer the customer dictating terms for the entire industry, it’s now the company which has taken over the mantle as the most valuable one in the world: NVIDIA.

Joe Rossignol:

Apple’s stock price dropped 6% on the day — its largest single-day loss since April 2025.

John Gruber:

Here’s a table with most of the base models whose prices increased[…]

[…]

iPad prices mostly went up 20–25%, but the hardest hit was the no-adjective base model, which rose almost 30%, from $350 to $450. That’s a big increase for a product meant to appeal to buyers for whom price is obviously their biggest concern.

John Gruber:

Anyone who purchased a MacBook Neo for $600 (or $500 with education discount) between March and this morning purchased the lowest-price MacBook Apple has ever sold — and perhaps the lowest-price MacBook they ever will sell.

Joe Rossignol:

Apple’s full statement:

The consumer electronics industry is facing an unprecedented challenge. The rapid expansion of AI data centers has created an extraordinary surge in demand for memory and storage. We have never seen a component price increase this much, this quickly. We have shielded our customers from these increases so far, but we have now reached a point where we need to begin raising prices on a number of products, including today’s increases for iPad and Mac. We know this is not welcome news, and we are working tirelessly to find solutions.

[…]

Apple indicating that it needs to “begin” raising prices suggests that additional price increases might occur later.

Jason Martin:

“and we are working tirelessly to find solutions.”

I find this to be the most confusing part. Do we believe this to be a genuine effort? Even if so, how would a “solution” actually work? Would they actually lower prices if a solution were to be found?

They also just said they “will continue working” on bringing Siri AI to the EU right before saying in a different venue that they’d stopped working on it.

Jeff Johnson:

In a statement about the price increases, Apple said, “We can no longer shield customers from our 39% gross margin.”

Christina Warren:

Like, truly laughable. $200 for a 64GB Apple TV 4K that is almost 4 years old?

John Gruber (Mastodon):

But even setting aside the prices of competing devices, it just feels wrong to hike prices this much for four-year-old hardware running five-year-old pre-AI silicon. The higher-end model’s price went up 67 percent!

The only way this makes sense is if these prices are really meant for the upcoming new hardware, and those new models are more ambitious home hubs that warrant $200–250 prices.

Previously:

• tvOS 27 Announced

Update (2026-06-29): Zac Hall:

The Financial Times reports that Apple is seeking clearance from the Trump administration to purchase memory chips from a blacklisted Chinese company. The move would help it meet demand for product manufacturing during the ongoing global memory supply shortage.

Perhaps this is the “working tirelessly” that Apple was referring to.

Ben Lovejoy:

Apple previously sought permission from the Biden administration to do the same thing back in 2022, and that did not go well – despite promising to use the chips only for iPhones sold in China …

John Gruber:

Something happens — outside the company’s control — that causes those essential components to rise in price significantly.

[…]

What you cannot do is hold a philosophically consistent logically coherent view where your answer to how a company should respond in such a scenario is contingent on what the “something happens” is that caused component prices to rise.

Maybe—but that’s only relevant if you accept the premise that it was out of Apple’s control. I don’t know the details of the deals, but there’s an argument that the rising costs to Apple are to some extent Apple’s “fault.” If Tim Cook gets credit for helping suppliers expand capacity and locking in contracts for memory at low prices over the past two decades, doesn’t the same logic apply in reverse? The AI-driven shortages were foreseeable—and publicly discussed years ago. If you believe Micron that Apple chose to prioritize its own past numbers rather than securing its future supply, doesn’t that make today’s situation different from, say, a tsunami that unexpectedly wiped out a bunch of factories? I don’t know exactly how the increased costs should be apportioned, but I think the reasons for the costs are relevant, and I don’t think they’re fully exogenous.

sid:

If Apple has the balls to raise the prices of their products, they should also have the balls to increase trade-in values for older devices.

Update (2026-06-30): Kif Leswing:

But while tech giants like Apple and Microsoft, which both announced price hikes this week, have a hefty cash cushion, supply chain leverage and customers numbering in the millions or billions, a much wider swath of businesses face potentially dire straits. Most consumer electronics companies have little margin to spare and can’t confidently raise prices in an economy already grappling with inflationary pressures.

GoPro, the struggling maker of action cameras, warned this month that it might go out of business after memory costs shot up between 80% and 115% at the end of the first quarter. And shares of speaker maker Sonos are down 23% this year as memory prices pressure margins.

Update (2026-07-06): Basic Apple Guy:

Below you’ll find a bunch of charts chronicling the current state of RAMmaggedon, the global memory-chip crisis we currently find ourselves in.

Update (2026-07-22): Tim Hardwick:

Apple’s principal chipmaker TSMC plans to raise prices by as much as 10 percent starting in 2027, according to a new report from Nikkei Asia.

Como parte de seus esforços para dar a pais um maior controle sobre o que seus filhos visualizam e com quem se comunicam em suas plataformas, a Meta está expandindo alguns dos seus recursos de controle parental para o Threads.

A partir da semana que vem, pais e responsáveis nos Estados Unidos poderão usar a Central da Família da Meta para controlar como as crianças sob sua guarda usam o Threads — tal como já é possível no Instagram e no Facebook.

Divulgação/Meta

Quando a supervisão estiver ativada, pais poderão visualizar o tempo que as crianças e adolescentes gastam na plataforma, definir limites de tempo para o uso, gerenciar quem pode marcá-los em posts e preferências de conteúdo.

A Meta ainda destacou que continuará expandindo suas ferramentas de supervisão para tornar mais fácil a familiares encontrarem controles e apoiar a experiência de seus adolescentes nas suas diferentes plataformas.

Novidades para os Live Chats

Além dos recursos de controle parental, o Threads também está ganhando novidades especificamente para os Live Chats, bem como anunciou recursos que chegarão em breve às suas salas de bate-papo públicas.

Segundo o TechCrunch, a Meta está liberando a criação de Live Chats para todos os Community Champions (usuários ativos e influentes nas comunidades da plataforma) e um recurso que permite traduzir mensagens na conversa.

Anfitriões, por sua vez, agora contam com um maior destaque em suas mensagens, bem como podem convidar até três co-hosts para ajudá-los a conduzir uma conversa, além de agora poderem excluir mensagens para todos os participantes.

Para o futuro, a Meta prometeu novidades como suporte aos Live Chats na versão para desktop do Threads e às mensagens fixadas, que permitirão ao anfitrião deixar avisos ou informações importantes no topo de uma conversa.

O Instagram anunciou hoje que usuários agora podem substituir a música em posts no feed e em carrosséis já publicados. Até então, a única forma de alterar a música de uma publicação era excluí-la e carregá-la novamente.

A atualização elimina uma limitação que forçava criadores e marcas a escolher entre manter o engajamento de uma publicação e atualizar sua trilha sonora. Isso porque, com a nova ferramenta Substituir Áudio, é possível atualizar a música de uma publicação a qualquer momento, mantendo intactos as curtidas, os comentários, os compartilhamentos e o alcance.

O Instagram afirma que o novo recurso é mais um passo em seus esforços para “criar ferramentas que ofereçam aos criadores maior controle criativo sobre seu conteúdo”.

Para acessar o novo recurso, basta ir até a publicação cujo áudio deseja alterar e tocar no menu de duas linhas localizado no canto superior direito da postagem. Em seguida, é preciso rolar a tela para baixo até a opção “Editar”; lá, você encontrará a opção para substituir o áudio.

De acordo com informações da Bloomberg, a Apple lançará na próxima semana o “Apple Upgrade”, um serviço de assinatura que incluirá iPhones, iPads, Macs e até mesmo Apple Watches.

Desenvolvida em parceria com a empresa financeira Klarna Group Plc, a iniciativa será disponibilizada primeiro apenas nos Estados Unidos — tanto em lojas físicas da Maçã quanto na Apple Store Online.

Assim como outros programas do tipo, o “Apple Upgrade” permitirá que os usuários quitem o dispositivo antecipadamente durante o contrato, façam um upgrade para um modelo mais recente antes do fim da assinatura ou fiquem com o aparelho ao final do período de locação. Ainda segundo as informações, é possível que taxas adicionais sejam cobradas em casos específicos.

Mais precisamente, aluguéis de iPhones e Apple Watches terão uma duração de 24 meses, enquanto Macs e iPads poderão ser usados por 36 meses. Sujeito a uma análise de crédito antes da contratação do serviço, o usuário sempre poderá devolver o seu aparelho ao final do período de locação.

A Bloomberg disse ainda que o plano da Maçã é divulgar o “Apple Upgrade” como uma forma de realizar pagamentos menores do que os oferecidos por programas de financiamento tradicionais. Além disso, ela estaria se preparando para descontinuar o iPhone Upgrade Program e a modalidade de financiamento tradicional para abrir espaço para a nova oferta.

iPhone Upgrade Program será descontinuado no Reino Unido

Bruno Cardoso

30/01/2026 • 11:11

Ao contrário do iPhone Upgrade Program, no entanto, o “Apple Upgrade” não incluirá o AppleCare; dispositivos de entrada — como o Apple Watch SE 3, o iPad (A16 Bionic), o iPhone 16 e o MacBook Neo — não estarão disponíveis no novo programa; por fim, usuários corporativos e estudantes também ficarão de fora da brincadeira.

Rumorado há alguns anos — e supostamente cancelado internamente pela companhia no final de 2024 — o “Apple Upgrade” chegará pouco tempo depois de a Apple aumentar os preços de vários de seus produtos em decorrência da crise de DRAM ¹Dynamic random access memory, ou memória dinâmica de acesso aleatório., provocada pela alta demanda por chips de memória no mercado de inteligência artificial.

Notas de rodapé

• 1
  Dynamic random access memory, ou memória dinâmica de acesso aleatório.

An aircraft powered by a megawatt-class hybrid-electric engine developed in collaboration with NASA and built by GE Aerospace, demonstrated flight of an innovation that can inform new generations of fuel-saving aircraft power systems.

Mounted to a Saab 340B aircraft, the engine flew at Farnborough International Air Show in the United Kingdom. It was the public debut of a system that has in recent months made historic test flights, becoming the first hybrid electric-powered aircraft to fly above 30,000 feet.

“This achievement reflects what NASA does best in aeronautics: we explore bold possibilities, validate them through rigorous research and testing, and work with industry to turn breakthrough ideas into technologies that bring real value for the American people,” said Laurie Grindle, director of the Aeronautics Division within the agency’s Research and Technology Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington.

The testing leveraged work done through NASA’s former Electrified Powertrain Flight Demonstration project and the agency’s ongoing Subsonic Vehicle Technologies and Tools project – years of collaborative research that included key testing at NASA test facilities. 

The engine integrates electric motors, a gas turbine, and energy storage capabilities. It was designed to demonstrate the capacity to power an aircraft around the size of a regional-class jet, reducing fuel burn and costs without sacrificing performance. The unit’s technology and designs are expected to be used to help develop future hybrid systems that could lower airline operating costs. 

The demonstration flight came after years of rapid development for the technology. For NASA, it also validates work that stretches back to a time when hybrid aviation propulsion seemed almost beyond the horizon of possibility.

This achievement reflects what NASA does best in aeronautics: we explore bold possibilities, validate them through rigorous research and testing, and work with industry to turn breakthrough ideas into technologies that bring real value for the American people.

LAURIE A. GRINDLE

Director of the Aeronautics Division within the agency's Research and Technology Mission Directorate

“This is the culmination of more than 15 years of work, and we did that because it’s going to have an impact for aircraft that will help reduce energy use and help U.S. companies and the public,” said Ralph Jansen, aerospace engineer at NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland. “It’s about having a vision that no one believes can happen and then doing the work to define and execute the research and development needed to make it happen.”  

This accomplishment was possible because of the collaborative effort of hundreds of people working on Electrified Powertrain Flight Demonstration and Subsonic Vehicle Technologies and Tools projects across NASA centers, in conjunction with GE Aerospace and its partner companies.

Hybird-Electric Evolves

In recent years, aviation has seen a boom in small aircraft and drones powered by electrical systems drawing from batteries. But large passenger and cargo planes require complex engines capable of supplying massive amounts of power. So more than a decade ago when NASA began contemplating hybrid systems, just the possibility of using electric motors to supplement some energy was a daunting engineering challenge. 

NASA spent about seven years performing preliminary research, working with small businesses and other partners to consider technological obstacles and the potential commercial viability of hybrid systems. During that time, the agency addressed several barriers to implementation including the power, thermal, and battery technology, and the integration of the power system, engine, and aircraft.

Through the agency’s Electrified Powertrain Flight Demonstration award, GE Aerospace and NASA worked with researchers to develop lighter and more efficient power systems and shrink key components – sometimes dramatically. 

NASA and GE Aerospace also leveraged agency facilities and resources to further their research. In 2022, GE Aerospace tested an integrated version of its propulsion system at NASA’s Electric Aircraft Testbed at the agency’s Neil A. Armstrong Test Facility in Sandusky, Ohio. Testing allowed the system to operate in conditions simulating 45,000 feet in altitude, the range in which commercial single-aisle aircraft fly. 

The team added components, including electric motors, power converters, propellers, and a GE Aerospace commercial engine, followed by more ground tests and eventual flight tests. For the researchers who’d spent years on the concept, seeing the engine powering an aircraft in flight was a major step in a long journey.

“I’ve got to say, I was pretty touched seeing it fly. It was just awesome,” Jansen said.  “It’s just like a regular plane, which is probably the best thing of all.”

NASA’s current support for this research is through the Aeronautics Division of its Research and Technology Mission Directorate.

Explore More

3 min read

NASA Pushes New Wing Design to Find Structural Limits

Article 3 days ago

9 min read

ARMD Research Solicitations (Updated June 23)

Article 4 weeks ago

2 min read

Department of Health and Human Services Digital Stockpile & Manufacturing Response Network Challenge

Article 1 month ago

Keep Exploring

Discover More Topics From NASA

Missions

Humans In Space

Aeronautics STEM

Explore NASA’s History

3 Min Read

NASA Pushes New Wing Design to Find Structural Limits

NASA researchers recently put a new wing design, appearing long and thin with a lightweight structural design, through a series of grueling tests to find its structural limits. What they found left them encouraged about the wing’s potential, even when they pushed it past its intended limits.

The 15-foot Structural Wing Experiment Evaluating Truss-bracing (SWEET-15) test article is part of NASA’s research to develop future ultra-efficient aircraft. The design incorporates a long wing supported by an aerodynamic strut, based on NASA’s earlier Transonic Truss‑Braced Wing concept.

The research team is working to understand whether SWEET-15’s design and its new lightweight structural designs could help commercial airliners save fuel. But first, they need to understand how it behaves under the kinds of force wings experience in flight.

The SWEET-15 design originated with combining five different advanced composite manufacturing and assembly technologies that enabled the novel structural design. The 15-foot-long test article was then designed and fabricated at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, before traveling to NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, for testing.

Over several months, NASA engineers intentionally bent the test wing in the Flight Loads Laboratory at NASA Armstrong. Numerous strain and load sensors, including fiber-optic strain sensors, were placed throughout the structure to track how the wing responded as forces increased.

The data from the sensors confirmed the predictions made by NASA’s computer models. According to initial findings, the wing withstood the anticipated in-flight forces without issue. The results provided the team with confidence in the new manufacturing approaches and methods for connecting wing parts used in SWEET-15, which could support future efficient aircraft designs. The manufacturing approach, developed at NASA Langley used the Integrated Structural Assembly of Advanced Composites robot, aims to produce lighter and stronger composite structures for aerospace vehicles.

The test concluded with a deliberate test-to-failure, where engineers increased loads beyond the wing’s design limits to determine how and where it would fail. The structure ultimately failed at roughly 127% of its design limit load, with visible damage appearing near the back edge of the wing and in the upper wing cover. This element of testing provided valuable insight into how the joints connecting the wing to its main strut and a secondary one, called a jury strut, behave under forces beyond the expected flight envelope.

This marks the first time a representative composite truss-braced wing configuration has undergone this type of structural evaluation.  It was made possible only through NASA collaboration across centers and projects, with researchers utilizing agency resources such as the Fiber Optic Sensing System developed to gather data on both aircraft and spacecraft.

To prepare for the testing, engineers at NASA Langley designed, analyzed, and manufactured the wing and completed safety preparations and lab setup.

Researchers will now analyze the data collected during testing to inform future airframe designs and support NASA’s ongoing efforts to develop more efficient aviation technologies.

The work is being conducted through NASA’s Subsonic Flight Demonstrator project in the agency’s Research Technology Mission Directorate. The successful testing of multiple innovative components marks a milestone in NASA’s aeronautics research.

To learn more, visit:

https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/

Explore More

4 min read

NASA, GE Aerospace Work Enables Hybrid-Electric Flight Demonstration

Article 6 hours ago

3 min read

From Hampton to Mars: How NASA Langley Helped Land on the Red Planet

Article 9 hours ago

4 min read

NASA Uses Subscale Aircraft to Accelerate Flight Innovation

Article 5 days ago

Keep Exploring

Discover More Topics From NASA

Armstrong Flight Research Center

Aeronautics

Green Aviation Tech

NASA Aircraft

Meta, who owns and operates FaceBook and Instagram, has enabled a setting automatically that allows anyone to use your public Instagram photos, profile picture, and/or reels for AI purposes. This includes everything from your posts, stories, stickers, reels, and even your profile photo. Some users may not like this, whether they’re opposed to AI in ... Read More

The post How to Stop Meta Using Your Instagram Photos & Reels for AI appeared first on OS X Daily.

Após três meses em fase de testes, o recurso de nome de usuário do WhatsApp finalmente parece estar funcionando entre os usuários que já haviam reservado seu username, ampliando a disponibilidade da funcionalidade.

Aos que efetuaram a reserva, o WhatsApp começou a exibir um banner no topo da lista de conversas, informando que ele já está ativo e explicando que agora ele pode ser compartilhado com outras pessoas. Caso você queira verificar o nome de usuário de algum dos seus contatos, basta abrir a conversa com ele para conferi-lo.

De acordo com o WABetaInfo, o recurso está sendo liberado de forma gradual para quem já reservou um nome de usuário. Se esse for o seu caso, basta tocar no botão de adicionar (na aba Conversas) para abrir a lista de contatos, e em seguida, digitar o nome de usuário na barra de pesquisa.

Vale lembrar que isso não afetará a visualização dos números de telefone nos contatos com os quais você já iniciou uma conversa anteriormente. Nos moldes de rivais como o Telegram, os nomes de usuário apenas introduzem uma nova opção de acionar um determinado contato, alterando a primeira interação dos usuários, já que o número de telefone deixa de ser a única forma de iniciar uma conversa.

O WhatsApp está liberando o recurso completo de nomes de usuário para “uma fração muito limitada da sua base instalada no iOS e Android”, incluindo tanto versões betas quanto estáveis do aplicativo.

3 Min Read

NASA Pushes New Wing Design to Find Structural Limits

NASA researchers recently put a new wing design, appearing long and thin with a lightweight structural design, through a series of grueling tests to find its structural limits. What they found left them encouraged about the wing’s potential, even when they pushed it past its intended limits.

The 15-foot Structural Wing Experiment Evaluating Truss-bracing (SWEET-15) test article is part of NASA’s research to develop future ultra-efficient aircraft. The design incorporates a long wing supported by an aerodynamic strut, based on NASA’s earlier Transonic Truss‑Braced Wing concept.

The research team is working to understand whether SWEET-15’s design and its new lightweight structural designs could help commercial airliners save fuel. But first, they need to understand how it behaves under the kinds of force wings experience in flight.

The SWEET-15 design originated with combining five different advanced composite manufacturing and assembly technologies that enabled the novel structural design. The 15-foot-long test article was then designed and fabricated at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, before traveling to NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, for testing.

Over several months, NASA engineers intentionally bent the test wing in the Flight Loads Laboratory at NASA Armstrong. Numerous strain and load sensors, including fiber-optic strain sensors, were placed throughout the structure to track how the wing responded as forces increased.

The data from the sensors confirmed the predictions made by NASA’s computer models. According to initial findings, the wing withstood the anticipated in-flight forces without issue. The results provided the team with confidence in the new manufacturing approaches and methods for connecting wing parts used in SWEET-15, which could support future efficient aircraft designs. The manufacturing approach, developed at NASA Langley used the Integrated Structural Assembly of Advanced Composites robot, aims to produce lighter and stronger composite structures for aerospace vehicles.

The test concluded with a deliberate test-to-failure, where engineers increased loads beyond the wing’s design limits to determine how and where it would fail. The structure ultimately failed at roughly 127% of its design limit load, with visible damage appearing near the back edge of the wing and in the upper wing cover. This element of testing provided valuable insight into how the joints connecting the wing to its main strut and a secondary one, called a jury strut, behave under forces beyond the expected flight envelope.

This marks the first time a representative composite truss-braced wing configuration has undergone this type of structural evaluation.  It was made possible only through NASA collaboration across centers and projects, with researchers utilizing agency resources such as the Fiber Optic Sensing System developed to gather data on both aircraft and spacecraft.

To prepare for the testing, engineers at NASA Langley designed, analyzed, and manufactured the wing and completed safety preparations and lab setup.

Researchers will now analyze the data collected during testing to inform future airframe designs and support NASA’s ongoing efforts to develop more efficient aviation technologies.

The work is being conducted through NASA’s Subsonic Flight Demonstrator project in the agency’s Research Technology Mission Directorate. The successful testing of multiple innovative components marks a milestone in NASA’s aeronautics research.

To learn more, visit:

https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/

Explore More

4 min read

NASA Uses Subscale Aircraft to Accelerate Flight Innovation

Article 2 days ago

3 min read

NASA Study Points to Smoother Air Taxi Rides

Article 4 days ago

3 min read

A Day of Flight Testing at NASA Armstrong

Article 2 weeks ago

Keep Exploring

Discover More Topics From NASA

Armstrong Flight Research Center

Aeronautics

Green Aviation Tech

NASA Aircraft

The post NASA Pushes New Wing Design to Find Structural Limits appeared first on NASA Science.

The post NASA’s Viking Mission to Mars appeared first on NASA Science.

A nova ferramenta Muse Image, da Meta, vem ativada por defeito em todos os perfis públicos de adultos no Instagram, e qualquer pessoa pode usar as suas fotos para gerar imagens com inteligência artificial sem que seja avisado. Eis como travar isto em menos de um minuto.

The post A Meta está a usar as suas fotos do Instagram para criar imagens com IA. Saiba como desativar appeared first on Tek Notícias.

Reset PRAM on Mac is one of those troubleshooting steps that has survived decades of Apple hardware, old support forums and emergency calls to the family member who “knows computers.” The name sounds far more technical than the procedure, which involves restarting an Intel-based Mac while holding four keys.

The reset can help when a Mac remembers the wrong basic settings. It may select an unexpected startup disk, return to an incorrect display resolution, use an unusual sound level or keep other hardware-related preferences that refuse to behave normally.

It is not a speed boost, a deep system repair or a magical cure for every Mac problem. Resetting PRAM will not clear storage, repair a damaged app or make an aging MacBook suddenly feel new. It is a focused fix for a small collection of settings stored outside the usual macOS preferences.

There is also one major limitation: the familiar keyboard shortcut applies only to Intel-based Macs. Apple silicon models handle this memory differently and do not require the same manual reset.

What PRAM Actually Is

PRAM stands for Parameter Random-Access Memory. It was the small amount of memory older Macs used to preserve certain settings while the computer was turned off.

Apple later moved to NVRAM, or nonvolatile random-access memory, but the two names remain closely connected in Mac troubleshooting. Users still search for PRAM reset, while Apple’s current documentation usually calls the procedure an NVRAM or PRAM reset.

The stored information can include the selected startup disk, speaker volume, screen resolution and other low-level settings. When that information becomes incorrect or behaves unpredictably, resetting it allows the Mac to rebuild the relevant preferences.

Nothing dramatic happens to personal data. Documents, photos, apps, emails and user accounts remain untouched. Some settings may return to their defaults, which is the point of the reset.

Reset PRAM on Mac Only When the Symptoms Fit

Reset PRAM on Mac when the problem appears connected to startup or hardware preferences rather than normal app use.

A Mac that repeatedly chooses the wrong startup disk is a good candidate. So is an Intel Mac that starts with an unexpected sound level or returns to a strange display resolution after every restart.

The procedure may also help when the date, time zone or other basic startup settings act strangely, although modern macOS versions usually manage those automatically.

It is less useful when Safari is slow, an app keeps crashing or the Mac is nearly out of storage. Those problems have different causes. Closing apps, installing updates or freeing storage will usually do more than resetting a small bank of startup memory.

The distinction keeps the old troubleshooting step useful without turning it into Mac folklore prescribed for every symptom.

Check Which Mac You Own

Before using the shortcut, confirm whether the Mac has an Intel processor or Apple silicon.

To check:

Apple menu > About This Mac

Look for a line labeled Chip or Processor. An M-series chip identifies Apple silicon. A processor name containing Intel means the traditional reset applies.

This check prevents a common misunderstanding. Holding Option, Command, P and R during startup on an Apple silicon Mac does not perform the old PRAM reset. The shortcut belongs to Intel startup behavior. Apple’s current startup-key guide lists it specifically among key combinations for Intel-based Macs.

Apple silicon Macs check and manage stored startup information through their newer boot system. A normal shutdown and restart is usually the first step when one develops unusual basic behavior.

How to Reset PRAM on an Intel Mac

The useful guidance is brief:

Shut down the Mac completely.

Press the power button, then immediately hold:

Option + Command + P + R

Keep the four keys pressed for approximately 20 seconds, then release them and allow the Mac to start normally.

Older Macs may play the startup sound more than once. On some newer Intel models, the Apple logo may appear and disappear during the process.

The timing is the only slightly awkward part. The keys need to be pressed immediately after the Mac begins starting. Waiting until the login window appears is too late.

After the Mac starts, check the setting that caused the problem. The startup disk, volume or display configuration may need to be selected again because the reset cleared the previous preference.

What Changes After the Reset

Most users will notice nothing beyond the original problem hopefully disappearing. The Mac does not present a dramatic confirmation screen or announce that PRAM has been purified.

Instead, a few stored settings may return to their defaults. The speaker volume may change. The preferred startup disk may need to be chosen again. A display may return to its standard resolution. Time-zone information may need a moment to update.

That understated behavior is normal. A successful reset is less like reinstalling macOS and more like asking the Mac to forget a handful of stubborn instructions.

Apple also uses an NVRAM reset as one of the preparation steps for certain Intel Macs before they are sold or transferred, since the procedure clears stored user settings from memory.

Why Apple Silicon Macs Do Not Need the Shortcut

Apple silicon changed the Mac startup process along with performance, power efficiency and system security. The older Intel keyboard combination no longer controls the same reset behavior.

For an M-series Mac showing unusual startup settings, begin with a full shutdown rather than repeatedly trying the old shortcut.

Use:

Apple menu > Shut Down

Wait briefly after the screen turns completely black, then turn the Mac back on.

If the problem involves selecting a startup disk or reaching recovery tools, hold the power button while the Mac starts until startup options appear. Apple documents this power-button process as the route into startup options on Apple silicon models. (⁠Apple Support)

That is usually enough guidance for a light troubleshooting article. Recovery, diagnostics and deeper repair steps belong to more serious startup problems, not every incorrect volume level or display setting.

When the Reset Does Nothing

A PRAM reset can fail to change anything because the problem was never stored in PRAM or NVRAM.

A slow Mac may be running too many apps. A browser may have dozens of heavy tabs. A startup disk may be almost full. A damaged cable may cause display problems. A weak battery may cause shutdowns. A broken speaker will not repair itself because four keys were held during startup.

If the symptom continues, return to the problem itself rather than repeating the reset indefinitely.

Check the related setting in System Settings. Install macOS updates. Restart the affected app. Disconnect unnecessary accessories. Confirm that enough storage is available. Persistent hardware behavior may require Apple Diagnostics or professional support.

The reset should be treated as one useful step, not an annual Mac ritual.

An Old Mac Fix With a Narrow Purpose

Reset PRAM on Mac remains relevant because Intel models are still in use across homes, schools and businesses. Many continue to work well, and their owners may eventually encounter the sort of odd startup preference that this procedure was designed to clear.

The method is simple, safe for personal files and quick enough to try when the symptoms fit. Its usefulness comes from being specific.

An Intel Mac remembering the wrong startup disk or display setting may benefit. A Mac with an unrelated software or hardware problem will need another answer.

The four-key shortcut has survived because it occasionally solves a strange problem in about 20 seconds. That is a good troubleshooting tool. It just should not be asked to perform miracles.

The post Reset PRAM on Mac to Fix Strange Settings appeared first on AppleMagazine.

Siri Wolfram helped define the original promise of Apple’s voice assistant. When Siri debuted on the iPhone 4S in 2011, it could answer factual and computational questions without sending users through a list of search results. Ask about a mathematical calculation, scientific quantity, historical statistic or unit conversion, and Wolfram Alpha could provide a structured answer.

That partnership gave early Siri something many modern AI assistants still struggle to guarantee: a source designed to compute answers rather than produce plausible sentences. Wolfram Alpha was not a chatbot. It was a computational knowledge engine built around curated data, symbolic mathematics and algorithms.

Siri AI enters a far more ambitious era. Apple now wants its assistant to hold natural conversations, understand personal context, interpret images, find information across apps and complete actions. Yet the old Siri Wolfram relationship remains useful for understanding what Apple gained, what was lost as assistants became more conversational and why verified computation may become even more valuable in the generative AI age.

Siri Wolfram Was Built Around Answers

The original Siri Wolfram integration reflected a straightforward idea: users wanted direct answers without manually searching, opening websites and comparing sources.

Wolfram Alpha was particularly effective for questions with a computable result. It could solve equations, compare financial data, convert measurements, retrieve astronomical information, calculate dates and present structured scientific facts. Siri provided the voice interface, while Wolfram supplied the knowledge engine behind selected responses.

A user could ask how many days remained until a date, calculate a percentage, compare populations or request information about a mathematical concept. Siri translated the spoken request and delivered the result in a format suitable for the iPhone.

The experience was narrow compared with modern generative AI, but it had a valuable discipline. Wolfram Alpha attempted to determine an answer from structured information. It did not need to improvise an explanation every time.

That made Siri Wolfram especially useful for mathematics, science, education and quick factual calculations. The assistant could sound intelligent because it was connected to a system built to compute.

What Siri Wolfram Alpha Could Do Well

Siri Wolfram Alpha worked best when the request had a definable structure. Arithmetic, percentages, conversions, equations and statistics were natural categories. The system could also retrieve information about weather history, geography, nutrition, astronomy, transportation and other data-rich subjects.

The integration helped make Siri feel different from ordinary web search. Instead of showing several links, the assistant could present one answer with supporting figures or charts.

That approach had limitations. Wolfram Alpha could only respond effectively when it understood the request and had the relevant data or computational method. It was not designed for open-ended conversation, personal writing, emotional nuance or the countless informal questions users ask assistants.

Siri also relied on several external services, with Wolfram Alpha handling only certain knowledge categories. The experience could therefore feel inconsistent. One request produced a polished computational response, while another returned a web search or a limited canned answer.

Still, the partnership demonstrated a principle Apple has never fully abandoned: the best assistant does not need to create every answer itself. It needs to route each request to the system most qualified to handle it.

Generative AI Changed the Definition of an Assistant

Modern AI assistants are expected to do far more than retrieve facts. Users want them to explain ideas, write messages, summarize documents, analyze images, brainstorm projects and remember the direction of a conversation.

Siri AI is Apple’s response to that expanded expectation. Powered by Apple Intelligence and Apple Foundation Models, the new assistant can handle open-ended requests and continue natural conversations. It can use personal context from supported apps, understand onscreen content and connect requests with app actions.

This is a dramatic expansion from the Siri Wolfram era. The old model was largely transactional: ask a question, receive an answer. Siri AI is intended to interpret intent, understand relationships between information and help complete a larger task.

A user may ask Siri AI to find a restaurant recommendation buried in Messages, locate a hotel confirmation in Mail and add the details to a travel note. That request involves personal context and several system services rather than one public factual answer.

The assistant becomes less like a talking search box and more like an operating-system layer.

Conversation Creates a Reliability Problem

Generative AI makes assistants more flexible, but it also introduces uncertainty. A language model can produce an elegant response even when the underlying information is incomplete or wrong. The same fluency that makes the assistant enjoyable can make an inaccurate answer sound convincing.

The old Siri Wolfram model avoided much of that risk within its strongest categories. A mathematical calculation came from a computational engine. A unit conversion followed a defined relationship. A data query could be tied to structured information.

Siri AI needs both capabilities. It needs conversational intelligence for requests that cannot be reduced to a formula, while retaining access to reliable tools for tasks that demand precision.

Apple can use specialized systems for calculations, calendars, maps, weather, app actions and personal information rather than asking one generative model to invent every result. Foundation models can understand the request, then direct the work to an appropriate source.

That structure would preserve the strongest lesson from Siri Wolfram: intelligence also means knowing when not to guess.

Personal Context Is the New Knowledge Engine

Wolfram Alpha gave Siri access to public computational knowledge. Siri AI adds a second knowledge source: the user’s own information.

Apple says Siri AI can understand personal context across messages, emails, photos, notes and other supported content. It can help retrieve a detail without requiring the user to remember which app contains it.

This changes the assistant’s value. Wolfram Alpha could explain the distance between two cities. Siri AI could find the hotel reservation, identify the arrival time and retrieve the message where a friend recommended a nearby restaurant.

That personal layer also requires stricter privacy. Apple uses on-device processing for many requests and Private Cloud Compute when more processing power is required. The company has designed the system so personal data does not become part of an ordinary cloud AI profile.

Siri Wolfram answered questions about the world. Siri AI is being designed to answer questions about the user’s place within it.

Apps Complete the Transition

Siri AI also moves beyond knowledge by connecting directly with apps through App Intents. Developers can expose content and actions so the assistant can help users complete tasks instead of only describing how to do them.

That could include editing a photo, retrieving a document, starting a workout, updating a task or sending information through a supported app. Onscreen awareness adds another route, allowing users to ask about content already visible without explaining every detail again.

Wolfram Alpha remains valuable because some questions require specialized computation. App Intents extend the same routing philosophy into actions. Siri does not need to contain every capability internally. It needs to understand the request and connect it with the correct tool.

This may become the defining structure of Siri AI: one conversational interface backed by models, apps, services, personal context and specialized knowledge engines.

The Old Siri Still Has a Lesson for the New One

Siri Wolfram belonged to a more limited assistant era, but its underlying approach was disciplined. The system used a specialized source for questions that demanded structured knowledge and computation.

Siri AI has a wider assignment. It must converse naturally, interpret images, understand personal information and complete actions across Apple devices. That breadth can make Siri far more useful, but only if Apple preserves dependable pathways for calculations and factual tasks.

The future assistant should not choose between Wolfram-style precision and generative flexibility. It should combine them. A conversational model can understand what the user wants. A computational engine can provide the numerical answer. Personal context can supply relevant details. App Intents can complete the task.

The old Siri Wolfram integration showed that a voice assistant could make expert knowledge accessible through one spoken request. Siri AI now aims to place conversation, personal context and action around that foundation.

The assistant has become larger, more personal and more capable. Its credibility will still depend on something the 2011 version understood well: when a question has a correct answer, intelligence should calculate before it speaks

The post Siri Wolfram Built a Powerful Foundation for Siri AI appeared first on AppleMagazine.

Spin Signatures in Horizon-Resolved Images of LLAGN

Speaker

Dr. Daniel Palumbo, Harvard University

Abstract

With the advent of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), near-horizon black hole imaging with sub-mm very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) is now routine for the two sources for which terrestrial VLBI is sufficient to resolve the black hole shadow: Messier 87* and Sagittarius A*. Since the first images of M87*, the theoretical analysis of these images has advanced a broad class of black hole spin tracers in horizon-resolving observations, all of which have complex interplay with the astrophysical conditions near the horizon. Meanwhile, space VLBI mission concepts such as the Black Hole Explorer aim to drastically improve the angular resolution available via sub-mm VLBI, resolving out the primary accretion disk image to isolate the strongly lensed “photon ring,” which more robustly exposes black hole mass, spin, and viewing inclination to distant observers. In this talk, I will detail the spin signatures in both of these angular resolution regimes, and how they work together to build a “robustness ladder” for spin measurement with which the spins of many more low-luminosity AGN will soon become accessible as sub-mm VLBI sensitivity, frequency coverage, angular resolution improves. The resulting local “spin census” will help fill in missing pieces of the history of accretion and merging in the broader AGN population.

Coupling Driven H2 Excitation in Seyferts: GATOS JWST/MRS

Speaker

Daniel Delaney, University of Alaska

Abstract 

We utilize James Webb Space Telescope/Mid Infrared Instrument (JWST/MIRI) Integral Field Unit observations from the Galaxy Activity, Torus and Outflow Survey to investigate the diverse range of ionized outflow rates of obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN) with similar bolometric luminosity and explore potential associations with AGN feedback. We explore spatial correlations between ionized emission potentially associated with fast shocks ([Fe II]5.34μm) and the excitation of H2. We further constrain our investigation to the inner 400 pc (the nuclear and circumnuclear regions r < 200 pc), and estimate the excitation temperature and column density of H2 assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium and using the S(1)–S(8) rotational H2 emission lines visible to JWST/MIRI spectroscopy. We report the molecular gas temperature of the deprojected 400 pc nuclear region to correlate with the ionized mass outflow rate. We also observe a stronger degree of spatial correlation between [Fe II]5.34μm emission and H2 gas temperature. We observe regions of enhanced [Fe II]5.34μm/[Ar II]6.99μm spatially coincident with the ionization cones of objects with higher ionized outflow rates and [Fe II]5.34μm/[Ar II]6.99μm in the deprojected 400 pc nuclear region to scale positively with both the ionized outflow rate and the estimated molecular gas temperature. We do not observe the estimated jet cavity power within the central 400 pc as strongly correlated with the ionized mass outflow rate or molecular gas temperature of the nuclear region. We take the preceding observations to suggest a higher degree of interaction between AGN outflows and the circumnuclear disk.

Seminar Connection

Zoom Registration (note this is a new registration link), you will receive connection details by email after registration: 

https://alaska.zoom.us/meeting/register/V1okit8uSk2ql97gegbdzg

News Straight to Your Inbox

Subscribe to your community email news list

We will never share your email address.

Privacy Policy

Sign Up

The post AGN SIG Spotlight Series, 21 July 2026 appeared first on NASA Science.

From Micro to Macro: Connecting the Physics of Galaxy Formation Across Scales

Speaker

Drummond Fielding, New York University

Abstract

Galaxy formation is controlled by the cycling of diffuse gas through the ISM, CGM, and larger-scale environment, but predictive models remain limited by unresolved microphysics. I will discuss how sub-pc processes—including cosmic-ray transport, magnetic reconnection, and turbulent mixing—regulate multiphase structure, energy and momentum transport, and the launching of galactic winds. I will then describe how simulations, analytic models, and new multi-scale numerical methods can connect these processes to kpc-scale feedback and Mpc-scale galaxy evolution. The aim is to build physically grounded models of gas cycling that can sharpen our interpretation of observations and move galaxy formation theory beyond phenomenological feedback prescriptions.

Seminar Connection

Join the Seminar

News Straight to Your Inbox

Subscribe to your community email news list

We will never share your email address.

Privacy Policy

Sign Up

The post DGCE SIG Seminar, 23 July 2026 appeared first on NASA Science.

Title TBA

Speaker

TBA

Seminar Connection

Join the Seminar

News Straight to Your Inbox

Subscribe to your community email news list

We will never share your email address.

Privacy Policy

Sign Up

The post HWO SIG Seminar, 12 August 2026 appeared first on NASA Science.

7 Min Read

How NASA’s Artemis III Lander Test Will Pave Way for Moon Landings

Before Artemis astronauts land on the Moon’s surface in 2028, NASA will conduct the Artemis III demonstration mission in 2027, allowing teams on Earth and in orbit to practice rendezvous and docking operations between commercial human landing systems and the Orion spacecraft. Data from that mission, along with future uncrewed demonstration missions at the Moon, will support astronaut safety and mission success for crewed lunar landings.

NASA is working with two American companies to develop the human landing systems that will safely transport astronauts from lunar orbit to the Moon’s surface and back for future Artemis missions. For Artemis III, both SpaceX and Blue Origin will fly test versions, or test articles, of the crewed landers that will be used for future Moon landings. The lander test articles will launch by commercial rockets, while the Artemis III crew will launch to low Earth orbit in Orion atop the agency’s SLS (Space Launch System) rocket.

Stage setting for crewed flights

NASA and the human landing system providers have been working closely together to plan and determine capabilities for the Artemis III mission. With missions fast approaching, both SpaceX and Blue Origin are optimizing hardware availability and capability. SpaceX plans to use the company’s latest version of Starship and basis of the future Starship HLS, called Version 3, while Blue Origin will test their planned HLS crew cabin, allowing each company to apply lessons learned prior to uncrewed and crewed missions on the Moon.

“Each human landing system provider has taken a different approach to the Artemis III mission,” said Steve Creech, program manager, Human Landing System Program, NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. “Ultimately, SpaceX and Blue Origin have put forward a list of aggressive objectives and goals intended to complement upcoming uncrewed demonstration missions at the Moon so that we can gain both understanding and confidence in the spacecraft and launch vehicles prior to a crewed landing. The lander prototype designs will inform future development efforts and will continue to mature over the next year.”

For the Artemis III mission, the Blue Moon test lander will be based on Blue Origin’s current architecture for its Mark 2 crew lander, incorporating all the major avionics and flight software and control systems to ensure flight operations from this demonstration mission can directly translate to crewed lunar flights. Up to two crew members, donning orange Orion crew survival system suits, will open the hatch to enter the Blue Origin test lander. The production hardware must incorporate many of the same systems and subsystems, including an Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS), a crew cabin, and avionics.

The Blue Origin lander also will fly with an instrumented lunar surface spacesuit mass simulator. Like the suited “Moonikin” manikin that flew aboard Orion during the uncrewed Artemis I test flight, the low-fidelity spacesuit mass simulator will provide real-time feedback about the environment within the Blue Moon crew cabin.

SpaceX’s Starship lander test article will use a Starship Version 3, currently in production and testing, with an added docking system installed on the nose of the 171-foot (52-m) spacecraft, enabling NASA and SpaceX to evaluate how the entire integrated stack of Orion and the Starship test lander interact. NASA and SpaceX are identifying controllability and communications tests for the Artemis III mission. Astronauts will not enter the Starship test lander during Artemis III.

Launch cadence

NASA, SpaceX, and Blue Origin will launch three of the world’s most powerful rockets within a short timeframe of one another, exercising ground processing, launch crews, and facilities as well as control centers, networking, and data exchange at key sites across the country during two separate, back-to-back rendezvous and docking maneuvers between Orion and the lander test articles, before a safe splashdown of the Artemis III crew in Orion.

“Artemis III will be a highly choreographed dance with a demanding launch sequence across multiple launch pads and equally demanding mission operations for our ground and flight crews, making it one of the most complex and ambitious missions NASA has ever undertaken,” said Jeremy Parsons, Artemis program manager. “The demonstration mission will set the stage before our next giant leap. NASA’s expertise in systems engineering and integration, as well as launch and mission operations in low Earth orbit, will bring the mission together.”

For future crewed missions to the Moon, NASA and one of the commercial lander partners will execute a “dual launch campaign,” prepositioning the lander in orbit to await a crewed Orion, launched on SLS. Launching the three rockets in succession of one another for Artemis III offers a unique opportunity to practice launch processing and operations.

Blue Origin’s lander test article is planned to launch first and will be able to loiter in space for up to 30 days, allowing for checkouts in orbit prior to the launch of SLS and Orion from Launch Complex 39B at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The Blue Origin test article will launch at a set trajectory to meet a designated “parking” orbit for these systems checks.

Artemis III will be a highly choreographed dance with a demanding launch sequence across multiple launch pads and equally demanding mission operations for our ground and flight crews, making it one of the most complex and ambitious missions NASA has ever undertaken.

Jeremy Parsons

Artemis program manager

Following the completion of Blue Origin’s rendezvous and docking operations testing  and the Artemis III crewed launch on SLS, SpaceX will launch its Starship lander test article to rendezvous with Orion and its crew for its phase of on-orbit testing.

Throughout the Artemis III mission, Orion will fly in a circular orbit. All three rockets will have more launch opportunities than are available for a lunar mission and will be able to reach the designated mission altitude in a single launch.

Docking operations

During docking and undocking operations, Orion and the Artemis III crew will use the lander test articles as the targets, while Orion will operate as the chaser spacecraft. This is the same configuration planned for future crew landing mission to the Moon.

NASA will ensure both test landers are mission ready and crew safe prior to Artemis III. These verifications will be based on functional and performance requirements for the test lander designs and hazard controls for hardware and software, ensuring the Artemis III astronauts inside Orion are safe throughout both docking phases of the mission.

SpaceX and Blue Origin have already tested their docking capabilities for their respective landers on the ground. SpaceX’s docking capability was qualified in 2023; Blue Origin conducted development ground testing on its pressurized docking system earlier this year.

A key difference between the docking capabilities of both lander test articles will be the location of docking. Orion will dock along the side of the Blue Moon test lander, adjacent to the crew cabin. Later, Orion will dock nose-to-nose with the giant SpaceX test lander.

Software testing between spacecrafts will help demonstrate that the commercial human landing system prototypes and Orion can meet at a precise time and location in space. When Orion docks with the Blue Moon test lander, the Orion spacecraft’s software will control the docked spacecraft. Meanwhile, the SpaceX test article will control the docked spacecraft for the second portion of the mission. During the docking phases, teams with NASA and the commercial partners will be able to test hardware and software interoperability, as well as dynamics of how the integrated lander-Orion spacecraft moves in space.

Through the Artemis program, NASA will send astronauts to explore the Moon for scientific discovery, economic benefits, and to build the foundation for the first crewed missions to Mars – for the benefit of all.  

News Media Contact

AmberJacobson
Headquarters, Washington
240.298.1832
amber.c.jacobson@nasa.gov

Corinne Beckinger
Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.
256-544-0034
corinne.m.beckinger@nasa.gov

Explore More

3 min read

NASA Announces Winners for 2026 Human Lander Challenge

Article 3 weeks ago

4 min read

I Am Artemis: Daniel Stubbs

Article 2 months ago

4 min read

NASA Outlines Preliminary Artemis III Mission Plans

Article 2 months ago

Keep Exploring

Discover More Topics From NASA

Human Landing System

Artemis III

Artemis

Space Launch System (SLS)

All the young people the Guardian spoke to disagreed with aspects of the government’s proposed block

Sixteen- and 17-year-olds in Britain are to be encouraged to observe a midnight to 6am social media curfew but will be able to opt out by changing their account settings.

From next spring, they will be urged to refrain from using certain apps, with the block being switched on by default. But the curfew will not be mandatory and can be overridden.