A 1.000 anos-luz da Terra, o telescópio James Webb encontrou algo que parece desafiar a própria fronteira entre estrela e planeta: anãs castanhas com apenas duas vezes a massa de Júpiter. E há uma investigadora portuguesa entre os responsáveis pela descoberta.
Novas observações dos telescópios espaciais Hubble e James Webb mostram que alguns dos objetos mais pequenos e distantes do Sistema Solar ainda conservam pistas sobre a forma como nasceram, há milhares de milhões de anos.
For the first time, astronomers combined Hubble and Webb space telescopes to hunt down some of the smallest, faintest objects ever spotted in the outer Solar System.
New infrared observations of the Eskimo Nebula, a bipolar double-shell planetary nebula in the constellation of Gemini, reveal clumps of dust, ionized gas and expanding shells surrounding a central star.
A stunning new image from the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope reveals a comet-shaped cloud in the Carina Nebula hiding a cluster of about 70 young stars, including a rare giant of O-type nearly 19 times as massive as the Sun.
Et si la prochaine preuve d’une civilisation extraterrestre ne venait pas d’un message radio, mais d’un excès de chaleur invisible à l’œil ? Depuis 1960, les sphères de Dyson, ces mégastructures capables d’engloutir l’énergie d’une étoile, font rêver scientifiques et amateurs de SF. Grâce au...
Les étoiles connues dans l'Univers ne dépassent guère la centaine de masses solaires. Toutefois, quelques centaines de millions d'années après le Big Bang, les conditions physiques et chimiques étant différentes, on soupçonne que des étoiles bien plus massives étaient alors possibles, avec 100...
Certaines des caractéristiques du Système solaire, à commencer par l'origine de la Lune, s'expliquent par des événements et des scénarios violents. Que faut-il en penser dans le cas de certaines des lunes de Neptune depuis que le télescope James-Webb a pris le relais de Hubble ?
Il existe plusieurs objets et phénomènes exotiques en astrophysique qui sont des serpents de mer, comme on dit. Des signes de leur existence apparaissent parfois et à répétition dans les observations, sans que l'on puisse aboutir vraiment à une conclusion. C'est le cas avec une nouvelle...
After decades of searching, astronomers have pinpointed the first of an estimated 10,000 stellar-mass black holes thought to lurk in Omega Centauri, the most massive stellar system in the Milky Way found so far, with a stellar mass of 3.6 million solar masses.
Durante décadas, los astrónomos han intentado comprender qué mecanismo impulsa el crecimiento de los agujeros negros supermasivos. Ahora, el telescopio espacial James Webb ha captado un fenómeno que nos acerca a la respuesta.
Named Beta Pictoris d, the newly-discovered world is 100 times fainter than Beta Pictoris b -- the first planet discovered around the A5-type star Beta Pictoris -- and is among the lightest exoplanets ever to be imaged from the ground.
New images of the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 4696 from the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope reveal gas filaments funneling material into a spinning disk around a supermassive black hole 800 light-years across.
O “forasteiro” 3I/ATLAS terá sido criado há 10 mil milhões de anos ou mais, segundo os dados reunidos com a ajuda do telescópio James Webb. A descoberta pode levar a perceber se as condições que permitiram o surgimento da vida na Terra existem noutros locais do Universo.
The interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS carries a chemical fingerprint unlike anything in our Solar System, and it may have formed 10 to 12 billion years ago, before our Sun even existed, according to two papers published in the journal Nature.
Following its trip around the Sun late last year, 3I/ATLAS had been significantly warmed, causing a large amount of its icy exterior to be converted into a cloudy coma. This not only made the comet more visible but also provided Webb an ideal opportunity to collect spectrographic data that could offer important information about its chemical composition.
The Webb data, which was detailed in a recent study, indicates chemical ratios of carbon and deuterium emanating from the object that are very unlike those of comets found within our solar system.
The compelling new findings, according to NASA officials, “surprised researchers.” Here’s why.
A Rare Look at an Ancient Space Object
Fundamentally, the recent Webb observations provided astronomers with one of their best opportunities to observe information about the comet’s possible origins throughout the duration of its visit to our Solar System last year.
Martin Cordiner, an astro-chemist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, called the observations “a unique opportunity to study an ancient object from the distant galaxy, probably pre-dating our Sun and solar system.”
Above: Researchers used Webb’s NIRSpec instrument to map specific chemical contents of comet 3I/ATLAS as it exited our Solar System (Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Martin Cordiner (CUA, NASA-GSFC); Image Processing: Alyssa Pagan (STScI).
Cordiner, who was also the lead author of the recent Nature study, said that the data he and his co-authors were able to obtain helped to provide “direct insight into that distant time and place” from which 3I/ATLAS originates, while also providing new insights into “how unusual our own solar system may be.”
Understandably, the Webb telescope is in high demand, and Cordiner and his team had to interrupt the space observatory’s planned schedule to turn its powerful eye toward 3I/ATLAS as it made its exit.
A Deuterium-Rich Space Object
Cordiner and the research team joined astronomers from many sub-disciplines in taking the opportunity to get a look at 3I/ATLAS on its journey through the solar system, which relied primarily on Webb’s NIRSpec (Near-Infrared Spectrograph) instrument.
As previously reported by The Debrief, the telescope’s NIRSpec instrument revealed “exceptionally high” levels of deuterium—also known as “heavy hydrogen”—amounting to nearly 30 times the amount normally seen in comets within our solar system.
One thing this probably indicates is that early in its lifetime, 3I/ATLAS was likely exposed to large amounts of radiation, which gave rise to the deuterium-rich ice in its composition. However, after drifting through space for eons without coming into proximity to a star like our Sun, there were no opportunities for this “heavy water” to be converted back into the typical kind of H20 water common on our planet.
Clues from Carbon Traces
Another primary finding Cordiner and the team made is that NIRSpec data revealed only small amounts of carbon-13, as opposed to its lighter counterpart, carbon-12. Since carbon-13 enrichment is known to occur within stellar systems over time, the team interprets this as evidence for the extreme age of 3I/ATLAS, which could have origins going as far back as an astonishing 12 billion years ago.
This would place the interstellar object’s birth within the period astronomers identify as “cosmic noon,” during which our universe was undergoing its peak period in star formation. Additionally, separate observations involving the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope help to affirm the recent Webb findings, along with complementary insights into the ancient comet’s carbon content, as well as nitrogen present in the form of cyanide, revealed from recent spectrographic analysis.
“For us as scientists, finding these rare isotopes is fascinating, but the bigger picture here is looking at the possibilities of prebiotic chemistry elsewhere in the galaxy,” said Stefanie Milam, one of the recent study’s co-authors, and also a researcher at NASA Goddard, in a recent statement.
Fundamentally, what the latest data on 3I/ATLAS conveys is more than just a rare look at a cosmic voyager who briefly entered our Solar System—it is a potential glimpse at how the very building blocks of life could have made their way into our planetary neighborhood long ago, eventually arriving here on Earth.
“So far, we know of only one place in the vast cosmos where chemical ingredients led to life – our solar system, our Earth,” Milam recently said.
“Analysis of these interstellar objects is a major step towards learning how common, or uncommon, the conditions for the evolution of life are in the universe,” Milam added.
The team’s recent study, “Isotopic evidence for a cold and distant origin of 3I/ATLAS,” appeared in the journal Nature on June 22, 2026.
Micah Hanks is the Editor-in-Chief and Co-Founder of The Debrief. A longtime reporter on science, defense, and technology with a focus on space and astronomy, he can be reached atmicah@thedebrief.org. Follow him on X @MicahHanks, and at micahhanks.com.
HD 80606b has one of the most extreme orbits of any known exoplanet and the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope just caught it getting flash-fried as it whipped past its star.
New Webb and Hubble data not only confirm the existence of two distinct populations of stars in the ancient stellar system Terzan 5, once classified as a globular cluster, but also provides evidence for two more recent rounds of star formation.
Une anomalie au cœur de la Voie lactée intrigue les astronomes depuis des décennies. Et les dernières observations du télescope spatial James-Webb viennent de transformer une curiosité en véritable casse-tête cosmique. De quoi changer notre vision de la formation des galaxies.
For the first time, astronomers have distinguished between the morning and evening atmospheres of a single planet, revealing two remarkably different environments at its edges. WASP-121 b is a gas giant that orbits extremely close to its star, resulting in one hemisphere exposed to temperatures approaching 2,500 degrees Celsius while the opposite side remains in constant darkness.
WASP-121 b is part of a group of gas giants known as hot Jupiters. These massive planets orbit their stars in just a few days and eventually become locked in place by gravity. Tidal forces keep one side facing the star at all times, while the other side never sees daylight.
“WASP-121 b is particularly extreme,” said co-author Tom Evans-Soma of the University of Newcastle, Australia. “Average temperatures on the dayside hemisphere are around 2,770 Kelvin, while those on the nightside are closer to about 1,000 Kelvin.”
The difference in temperature between the two hemispheres, which is about 1,775 degrees Celsius, makes WASP-121 b one of the most thermally extreme exoplanets known. The regions at the boundary between day and night, called terminators, are where the planet experiences constant morning or evening conditions. Scientists expected these areas to have different atmospheric properties, but only with the precision of JWST could these differences be directly observed.
Mapping the Atmosphere
The researchers used a method based on the planet’s transit across its star to study these differences. As WASP-121 b passes in front of its star, it rotates by about 30 degrees, which means that different parts of its atmosphere can be observed during each transit. By tracking how infrared starlight filters through the atmosphere over time, the team reconstructed how temperature and chemical composition change across different longitudes.
“By measuring how starlight absorption changes as WASP-121 b rotates, we probe its atmosphere longitude by longitude,” said lead author Cyril Gapp of MPIA. The observations not only confirmed what models had predicted, but also showed that the differences between the two terminators are even greater than expected.
Two Different Skies
The evening side of the planet’s terminator absorbs more starlight than the morning side. Powerful eastward winds sweep heat from the scorching dayside toward the nightside, with the evening region getting the first blast of this warmth. This extra heat causes the atmosphere there to puff up, allowing it to absorb even more starlight, as the observations showed.
Chemical measurements backed up these findings. Carbon monoxide absorption increased as the hotter regions of the evening came into view near the end of the transit. Water showed a different pattern. Rather than simply decreasing with higher temperatures, the researchers interpret the result as evidence that water molecules in the upper atmosphere are breaking apart, likely due to the intense heat at the evening terminator. This points to a real chemical change, not just a shift in molecular location.
The Cloud Problem
The morning side shows a different environment. Although models predicted a difference between the two terminators, they did not fully explain why the morning side appears cooler and more opaque. The most likely explanation involves clouds that are unlike those on Earth.
At the morning terminator, air comes in from the cold nightside. Temperatures may be low enough for silicate and mineral compounds to turn into tiny particles, forming clouds that block infrared radiation from below. This makes the atmosphere appear cooler than it really is underneath.
When the team adjusted their models to account for these clouds, the results more closely aligned with their observations. Still, confirming exactly how these clouds form and behave will require more advanced modeling, as cloud formation and evaporation in such extreme environments remain a major puzzle in exoplanet science.
A Method Ready to Scale
WASP-121 b has been the subject of previous studies, but JWST now enables astronomers to examine its atmosphere in detail, section by section. This approach is now also available for use with other exoplanets.
The team has already found other ultra-hot gas giants with the right temperatures and orbits for similar analysis. Using this method on other planets will help astronomers compare atmospheric conditions and deepen our understanding of extreme planetary environments.
Austin Burgess is a writer and researcher with a background in sales, marketing, and data analytics. He holds an MBA, a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration, and a data analytics certification. His work focuses on breaking scientific developments, with an emphasis on emerging biology, cognitive neuroscience, and archaeological discoveries.
Login
