Apparently, it tastes 'very salty and bitter'.
Β© Nina Riggio for The New York Times
As demand for electric vehicles, smartphones, and renewable energy storage continues to grow, so does the need for lithium, a key ingredient in modern batteries. Now, researchers at Monash University have developed a new method that could make lithium production more efficient and environmentally friendly. The new technology allows lithium to be extracted from salt [β¦]
The post New lithium extraction method achieves 95% recovery with almost no freshwater appeared first on Knowridge Science Report.
Imagine wearing a jacket that can produce drinking water from the air around you. That idea is moving closer to reality thanks to engineers at the University of Texas at Austin, who have developed a special fabric that captures moisture from the atmosphere and turns it into clean water. The new technology could be useful [β¦]
The post New water-harvesting jacket turns air into drinking water appeared first on Knowridge Science Report.
Scientists in Italy have developed a remarkable robotic arm inspired by the octopus, one of the oceanβs most skilled and intelligent creatures. The new device can sense touch, understand how much force it is applying, and automatically adjust its grip when handling objectsβeven underwater. The research, led by scientists at the Italian Institute of Technology [β¦]
The post Octopus-inspired robotic arm can feel and grasp objects underwater appeared first on Knowridge Science Report.
Electric vehicles and other clean energy devices rely on batteries that use a metal called lithium. The expanded use of lithium has made lithium mining a rapidly growing industry. Lithium is most often found in volcanic rocks called pegmatites. Researchers have studied how much carbon and water pegmatite mining uses, but they donβt know how it affects local water quality.Β
Pegmatite mining releases not only lithium but also other metals commonly found in pegmatite, such as rubidium and cesium. These trace metals are under-researched in terms of their environmental effects and possible human toxicity, though the EPA has linked high levels of lithium to adverse health effects in kidney function, neurological development, and thyroid function. As such, thereβs currently no established safe level for lithium in drinking water, but the U.S. Geological Survey suggests a preliminary safety level of 10 micrograms per liter (ΞΌg/L).Β
Researchers at Duke University recently tested how much pegmatite mining increased lithium levels in local waters, and how long those effects lingered after mining processes ended. To do so, they measured metal concentrations in waters downstream from 2 lithium mines and adjacent processing plants. They hypothesized that mining activities would increase interactions between rocks and the surrounding surface water and groundwater, impacting their lithium concentrations.
The researchers collected 99 water samples from surface streams and 93 samples from groundwater wells surrounding the Kings Mountain and Hallman Beam lithium mines, in a zone of about 40 kilometers (25 miles) along the border of South Carolina and North Carolina. The researchers took 51 surface water samples upstream of the mines to evaluate natural metal levels, and compared these with 48 downstream samples showing the mining-impacted metal levels.Β
The researchers measured lithium and other trace elements, like rubidium, cesium, arsenic, and strontium, in the waters using an instrument called an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. They found that lithium concentrations in the surface waters increased from a background of 0.2 to 79 ΞΌg/L to concentrations of 785 to 1,249 ΞΌg/L within 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) of the mines and processing facilities. The groundwater lithium levels were as high as 4,500 to 47,000 ΞΌg/L in the wells at the mines, but were not affected at downstream wells where lithium levels ranged from 0.5 to 890 ΞΌg/L.Β
They suggested that lithium in the groundwater downstream from the mines came from natural interactions of the pegmatite rocks with the water, rather than from the mines themselves. This natural process was confirmed when the researchers noticed that lithium levels in the groundwater rose after rainfall, which caused more water-rock interaction.
The researchers also measured ions like calcium, sulfate, and chloride in the waters using a tool that can analyze compound molecules, called an ion chromatograph. They found that calcium and sulfate concentrations increased in surface waters within 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) downstream of the processing facilities. These downstream waters had 50 to 120 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of calcium and 100 to 300 mg/L of sulfate, compared to 5 to 20 mg/L of calcium and 3 to 10 mg/L of sulfate in the background surface waters. These ions are also byproducts of pegmatite processing, produced from a waste product made up of calcium sulfate, called gypsum.Β
The team explained that active mining has been discontinued at this site for approximately 3 decades, meaning that the lithium concentrations they measured reflect the long-term release of lithium from inactive mines and mining waste. Drawing from historical data, they estimated that while the mines were active, they likely released 10 to 30 times the amount of trace metals they measured at the same location today.Β
The researchers concluded that hard-rock processing impacts downstream metal and ion concentrations more than the mining itself. As lithium mining operations expand, the researchers suggested that future researchers examine lithium toxicity as well as the potential effects of its co-occurring metals, like rubidium and cesium. They also emphasized the need to find solutions for removing the trace metals and dissolved gypsum from water systems, or preventing them from leaking into the water systems to begin with.
The post Lithium mining impacts local waters appeared first on Sciworthy.
As AI models become cheaper and more attractive, they will likely encourage new uses and higher volumes of use β erasing any efficiency gains.A new solar desalination breakthrough turns seawater into drinking water while eliminating brine waste and recovering valuable minerals. Billions of people around the world still do not have reliable access to safe drinking water. According to the United Nations, about 2.2 billion people lack safely managed drinking water services. To meet growing demand, many regions, [...]
Β© Sandy Huffaker for The New York Times
Investigation reveals regulator let firms off the hook on cleanup bonds despite backlog that will take decades to clear
When Christiaan van Woudenberg moved to Erie, Colorado, in 2007, he never imagined he would become an anti-fracking activist. He simply thought he was buying his dream home β a four-bedroom with a panoramic mountain view, 30 minutes north of downtown Denver.
Then, in 2014, the drilling started. Oil and gas rigs sprang up, some just 800ft (240m) from his bedroom window. The dream turned to nightmare: loud noises rumbled all night long, and the air stank like exhaust. Neighbors started getting headaches and nosebleeds, and Van Woudenberg developed new respiratory issues. He kept his windows shut and worried about his daughters going outside.
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Β© Composite: Rita Liu/The Guardian/Getty Images/Civitas/Chevron/OXY
Β© Composite: Rita Liu/The Guardian/Getty Images/Civitas/Chevron/OXY
Β© Composite: Rita Liu/The Guardian/Getty Images/Civitas/Chevron/OXY
Using the spectral data from the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) onboard the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope, astronomers have detected methane on 3I/ATLAS.
The post Webb Detects Methane on Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS appeared first on Sci.News: Breaking Science News.
Β© Haiyun Jiang/The New York Times
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