Nature Geoscience, Published online: 28 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41561-026-01979-2

A transient ice sheet model simulation of the past 3 million years suggests that the Antarctic Ice Sheet became more sensitive to decreasing CO2 levels following the Mid-Pleistocene Transition, driven by the increasing influence of global sea-level changes.

Nature Geoscience, Published online: 25 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41561-026-01998-z

Soil viruses greatly influence the carbon sequestration processes associated with anaerobic methane oxidation, according to analyses of carbon flows in paddy soil.

Nature Geoscience, Published online: 25 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41561-026-01985-4

Carbon dioxide outgassing from the ocean associated with the passage of tropical cyclones has declined in recent decades and may switch to being a net sink of CO2 under high-emissions scenarios, according to an analysis of observational records.

Nature Geoscience, Published online: 25 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41561-026-01992-5

The dominant control of soil nitrogen retention changes at a threshold of around 700 mm precipitation, according to an analysis of soil nitrogen and biogeochemical measurements from 31 sites across the United States.

Nature Geoscience, Published online: 25 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41561-026-01988-1

Dust derived from Antarctic sources measured in an ice core from the Allan Hills spanning the peak of the Last Interglacial suggests that the Ross Sea was probably open at the time, coincident with a reduction in the volume of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.

Nature Geoscience, Published online: 22 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41561-026-01990-7

Continental lithosphere thickness exerts a positive control on CO2 contents of erupted magmas, hence also influencing the location of rare-earth element deposits, according to a study of lithospheric thickness and CO2-rich magma locations.

Nature Geoscience, Published online: 20 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41561-026-01994-3

In summer 2025, a rapidly spreading megafire in Scotland, twice as large as the next-largest UK fire in the past two decades, caused widespread carbon emissions from the combustion of vegetation and peat, according to remote sensing analyses, field measurements and modelling.

Nature Geoscience, Published online: 19 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41561-026-01981-8

Human-driven disturbances intensify and prolong evapotranspiration declines across South American ecosystems, disrupting the water balance and threatening ecological resilience, according to hydrological modelling and remote sensing data.