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Syrian reactor could have been used for nuclear weapons if completed, UN says
Chief of nuclear watchdog says secret Assad-era facility would have been able to produce fissile material
A nearly complete nuclear reactor built secretly during the rule of the toppled Syrian leader Bashar al-Assad would have been able to produce fissile material for possible use in nuclear weapons, the chief of the UN nuclear watchdog has revealed.
Inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) last month visited two sites, one in Deir ez-Zor and a second in an undisclosed location identified to them by Syrian authorities.
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Β© Photograph: Mahmoud Hassano/Reuters

Β© Photograph: Mahmoud Hassano/Reuters

Β© Photograph: Mahmoud Hassano/Reuters
- La Brujula Verde - English
- Roman Lead Sling Bullets Reveal Two Distinct Routes in the Conquest of the Alps
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The new space wars: lessons from Ukraine and the Middle East

In March 2021, while serving as a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, I hosted a discussion with General Chance Saltzman, now Chief of Space Operations for the United States [β¦]
The post The new space wars: lessons from Ukraine and the Middle East appeared first on SpaceNews.
Saudi Arabia and US strike deal for kingdom to enrich uranium
Donald Trump approves agreement to help country make fuel for civilian nuclear programme
Donald Trump signed a nuclear agreement with Saudi Arabia on Wednesday that could enable the kingdom to enrich its own uranium for nuclear reactions.
The US energy secretary, Chris Wright, and his Saudi counterpart, Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, signed βa peaceful nuclear cooperation agreementβ and βan accompanying bilateral safeguards agreement,β according to a statement from the US Department of Energy.
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Β© Photograph: Win McNamee/Getty Images

Β© Photograph: Win McNamee/Getty Images

Β© Photograph: Win McNamee/Getty Images
- The Debrief
- Weapons Buried with Ancient Egyptian Women Were Long Seen as SymbolsβNew Research Suggests They Had a More Lethal Purpose
Weapons Buried with Ancient Egyptian Women Were Long Seen as SymbolsβNew Research Suggests They Had a More Lethal Purpose
Egyptian princesses may have trained extensively with weapons, according to a new archaeological assessment that suggests the weapons buried with their mummiesΒ were more than mere symbols.
The researchers examined fiveΒ mummiesΒ ofΒ EgyptianΒ Middle Kingdom royal women for a new paper published inΒ Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology, finding that their musculature indicates they led physically active lives.
Their work offers new insight into a long-standing question: whether theΒ weaponsΒ buried with these royalΒ womenΒ served a practical purpose or were simply symbolic grave goods.
Discovering Egyptβs Mummies
βMembers of the royal family, especially the women, were active participants in skilled, physically demanding activities such as archery and hunting,β said lead author Dr Zeinab Hashesh. βThis conclusion is supported by the way their bones developed to sustain heavy muscle use, which corresponds directly to the weapons discovered in their tombs.β
On a western plateau overlooking the Nile Valley lies the Memphis Necropolis, a 19-mile-long series of funerary complexes. One of these, a collection of pyramids and shaft tombs known as Dahshur, includes the pyramid of Amenemhat III, where two of the mummies were recovered during excavations begun in 1894 by Jacques de Morgan. These first discoveries were King Hor and Princess Noub-Hotep.
Later in 1894, de Morgan began excavating Amenemhat IIβs pyramid complex at Dahshur. There, in early 1895, he discovered what would later be identified as four daughters of the pharaoh: Princesses Ita and Khenmet, buried together in one chamber, and Princesses Itaweret and Sathathormeryt in another.
Only the remains of King Hor and Princess Noub-Hotep underwent scientific examination at the time of their discovery. Eventually, all six sets of remains were transferred to the Egyptian Museum in 1915, where they remained lost until their rediscovery in 2020.

Weapons of the Egyptian Dead
The complex was unusual because these women were buried with objects typically associated with men, including bows and arrows, and a dagger placed inside Princess Itaβs coffin.
The mummification techniques used on the remains were relatively crude compared with those employed in later Theban burials. As a result, the remains are poorly preserved, with soft tissues reduced to powder, some bones entirely missing, and the princessesβ skulls lost during the early 1900s. Fortunately, enough skeletal material survived to allow researchers to estimate their height, sex, age at death, illnesses, and injuries.
βPrincess Ita was a young woman aged between 28 and 34 with strong upper-body muscle attachments, suggesting she habitually used weapons like maces or daggers,β said Hashesh. βPrincess Khenmet was a woman in her late 30s or 40s who showed signs of thinning bones, but had very robust ligament attachments. Princess Itaweret was a young woman aged between 20 and 34 who survived broken ribs and foot fractures; her skeleton shows she was a skilled archer.βΒ
All four sistersβ bones showed signs of physically active lifestyles consistent with weapons training.
βWe found pronounced development in the upper limbs of these individuals, which correlates to repetitive, high-intensity actions like pulling a bowstring or stabilizing a weapon, proving these activities were habitual throughout their lives,β explained Hashesh. βThis directly explains the presence of bows, arrows, and maces in the womenβs tombs; these were not just symbolic gifts but tools they actively used.β
A Hard Life, Even for Royalty
The researchers suspect that either a blow or a fall caused Princess Itaweretβs broken ribs, and noted that such injuries were common across all the sets of remains. They also discovered evidence of inbreeding, as the sistersβ spinal abnormalities suggest their parents were closely related.
βThese injuries were most likely caused by accidents, falls, hard blows, or other impacts linked to an active lifestyle, whether through hunting, military training, or other demanding activities,β said Hashesh. βWhat is remarkable is that the injuries healed well, which suggests they had access to advanced medical care for their time.β
Work on these mummies remains incomplete, however, hampered by the loss of the skulls. Moving forward, the researchers would like to conduct a stable isotope analysis to better understand the nutritional deficiencies detected in the bones.Β
βOur dream would be to go far beyond simply identifying the Dahshur royals,β said Hashesh. βWe would try to tell their full life stories, their families, health, and even their political roles, with as much detail as possible. Beyond the science, we would preserve the remains, create 3D prints for teaching and virtual exhibitions, and display them alongside their jewelry, weapons, and funerary objects. All of this would be done with respect, ensuring the remains are presented ethically, just as they were originally buried.β
βTheir objects and jewelry are truly fascinating, breathtaking in their craftsmanship. Yet, while archaeologists have long focused on preserving these treasures, the people themselves were often forgotten. Our study seeks to change that.β
The paper, βBioarcheological Reassessment of Dahshur Royal Skeletal Remains from the Late Middle Kingdom (c. 1850 to 1700 BCE),β appeared in Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology on July 17, 2026.
Ryan Whalen covers science and technology for The Debrief. He holds an MA in History and a Master of Library and Information Science with a certificate in Data Science. He can be contacted at ryan@thedebrief.org, and follow him on Twitter @mdntwvlf.
Nature study identifies a new way to spot nuclear weapons in orbit

NEW YORK β A study published last week in Nature Astronomy has proposed a new satellite design and technique to detect thermonuclear warheads in space. Funded in part by the [β¦]
The post Nature study identifies a new way to spot nuclear weapons in orbit appeared first on SpaceNews.
Norwegian First Grader Went Looking for Craft Rocks. He Found a Viking Sword Instead
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