Nearly every displaced woman in Gaza surveyed in a new study screened positive for severe post-traumatic stress symptoms, a finding researchers describe as an unprecedented psychological toll linked directly to hunger, overcrowded displacement, and the collapse of everyday life under war.

The study, published in the International Journal for Equity in Health, assessed 503 displaced women in the Gaza Strip during the 2023–2025 war using a mixed-methods design that combined a structured quantitative survey with in-depth qualitative interviews. The average participant was 29.4 years old, with a standard deviation of 7.3 years, and the majority were married, unemployed, and living below the deep poverty line. Most had been displaced for nearly a year, and the overwhelming majority were sheltering in tents under conditions of severe overcrowding and acute food shortage.

When researchers measured post-traumatic stress symptoms using the Impact of Event Scale–Revised, a widely used screening instrument that evaluates intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms following traumatic exposure, they found that 98.2 percent of participants scored in the severe range. The mean IES-R score across the sample was 61.5, with a standard deviation of 9.5 — a figure far above the thresholds typically used to flag clinically significant trauma-related distress. The authors are careful to note that because symptoms were assessed with a screening tool rather than a formal diagnostic clinical interview, the results should be interpreted as reflecting an extremely high burden of trauma-related distress within the study sample rather than confirmed clinical diagnoses. Even with that caveat, the near-universality of severe scores stands out even against the backdrop of other conflict-affected populations, where severe symptom prevalence rarely approaches such levels.

Food emerged as one of the strongest statistical correlates of psychological suffering. Severe food insecurity, measured with the Food Insecurity Experience Scale developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization, affected approximately 71 percent of participants. Women experiencing severe food insecurity had significantly higher PTSD symptom severity scores, an association that held at a p-value below 0.001. The researchers also identified a cluster of socioeconomic and living-condition factors associated with worse outcomes: being divorced or widowed, living in an extended-family household, sheltering in a tent or collective shelter during displacement, and reporting that food was simply unavailable were all significantly linked to elevated symptom scores.

These quantitative patterns were given texture and depth by the qualitative arm of the study, in which trained researchers conducted semi-structured, face-to-face interviews in Arabic with 34 of the women. Analysis of the transcripts revealed five overarching themes: poverty and inequity; food as a luxury; wounds you cannot see; on the move, nowhere to belong; and small acts of resilience. Together, the themes trace an arc from material deprivation to psychological injury and, ultimately, to the fragile coping strategies women deployed to keep themselves and their families functioning.

The theme of food as a luxury captured how a basic biological need had been transformed into an object of obsession and grief. Women described rationing scraps, skipping meals so children could eat, and the humiliating experience of standing in lines for aid that never arrived. The researchers note that this chronic preoccupation with food security operated on two fronts — it was simultaneously a source of traumatic stress in its own right and an amplifier of existing war trauma, since hunger stripped away one of the last remaining domains in which mothers could still protect their children.

The “wounds you cannot see” theme speaks directly to the invisible nature of psychological injury in wartime. Women recounted nightmares, intrusive memories of bombings and the deaths of relatives, hypervigilance, emotional numbness, and an inability to feel safe even in moments of quiet. Several described the stigma of admitting psychological suffering, or the sense that mental distress was a luxury they could not afford to acknowledge while survival demanded constant action. The researchers interpret these accounts as illustrating how trauma in this context is not a discrete event but a continuous condition, woven into the fabric of daily life.

Displacement itself — the theme of being “on the move, nowhere to belong” — emerged as a distinct psychological stressor. Women described repeated forced evacuations, the loss of homes that anchored family identity and memory, and the corrosive instability of living in tents that leaked in rain, baked in heat, and offered no privacy for grieving or for motherhood. The loss of place, the authors suggest, compounds the loss of people, producing a grief that has nowhere to settle.

Yet the final theme, small acts of resilience, complicates a narrative of pure victimhood. Women described prayer, mutual aid among neighbors, storytelling with children, and small rituals of domesticity — making tea, arranging a tent, celebrating a birthday with almost nothing — as deliberate acts of psychological resistance. The researchers frame these behaviors as adaptive coping mechanisms that, while insufficient to protect against severe trauma symptoms, sustained a sense of agency and dignity under conditions designed to strip both away.

Methodologically, the study relied on a convenience sample recruited through structured surveys administered via Google Forms, a pragmatic choice given the destruction of infrastructure and the impossibility of random sampling in an active war zone. The authors acknowledge this limitation, along with the screening-based measurement of PTSD and the absence of consistent formal referral pathways for psychological care during data collection, which meant that women who became distressed during interviews could not always be directed to clinical services. Interviews followed strict ethical protocols approved by the Institutional Review Board at An-Najah National University, with verbal informed consent, anonymization, and trained interviewers instructed to pause or terminate any conversation that caused visible distress.

The demographic profile of the sample underscores the socioeconomic dimension of psychological vulnerability. That most participants were unemployed and living below the deep poverty line before and during the war reflects broader patterns in which economic deprivation and mental health outcomes are tightly intertwined in conflict settings. Divorced and widowed women — those without a partner’s social and economic support — fared significantly worse, as did women in extended-family households, possibly reflecting crowded conditions and multiplied caregiving burdens.

The study carries a sobering human footnote. The acknowledgments honor the memory of co-author Ayman S. Abutair, a clinical nutrition researcher at Al-Azhar University-Gaza, who lost his life during the war before the paper’s publication. His death stands as a stark reminder that the researchers documenting these invisible wounds were themselves living within the same catastrophe.

The authors argue that their findings demonstrate an urgent and unmet need for comprehensive humanitarian and psychosocial support tailored to displaced women — support that integrates mental health care with food assistance, shelter improvement, and protection for female-headed households. They emphasize that because caregiving responsibilities fall disproportionately on women during war and displacement, their psychological deterioration radiates outward to children and entire family systems, making women’s mental health a strategic priority for any humanitarian response rather than an afterthought.

What the study ultimately documents is the entanglement of hunger and trauma at a scale rarely captured in research. Where most studies of conflict-related PTSD examine populations after violence has subsided, this research measured psychological injury while bombs were still falling, while displacement was ongoing, and while food systems had collapsed. The result is a portrait of a population in which severe trauma symptoms are not an unfortunate consequence of war but, in effect, a near-universal condition — visible not in wounds, but in sleepless nights, interrupted meals, and the quiet endurance of half a million women carrying burdens that remain, for now, largely untreated.

A new Flinders University study of primary school children shows a science-based digital phonics reading app can accelerate early reading while helping teachers quickly identify students needing extra support.

A new Flinders University study of primary school children shows a science-based digital phonics reading app can accelerate early reading while helping teachers quickly identify students needing extra support.

Teen Reading Hits a Century Low Fifteen-year-olds are reading worse than at any point this century, and the

The just-published 2025 PISA data about the UK’s schools, showing England racing ahead of Scotland and Wales, completely vindicates Michael Gove’s education reforms. So why is Labour so determined to dismantle them?

The post What More Evidence Does the Blob Need That Michael Gove Was Right? appeared first on The Daily Sceptic.

Families' interest in their kids' education is falling in many high-income countries as school systems struggle with plunging test scores, according to newly released results from a standardized test taken by 15-year-olds around the world.

Families' interest in their kids' education is falling in many high-income countries as school systems struggle with plunging test scores, according to newly released results from a standardized test taken by 15-year-olds around the world.

The PISA study regularly assesses 15-year-olds' ability to understand and solve real-life problems in reading, mathematics and science toward the end of their compulsory education. It demonstrates the extent to which young people are prepared for the demands of a knowledge-based society and can participate in social life on their own terms.

Schools across the world are experimenting with AI tools, usually to the dismay of unsuspecting parents. But one privately-run school is explicitly embracing AI as part of its sales pitch, and the in-class experience sounds more bizarre than anything you’d imagine.

A blistering new article by education policy writer and cognitive scientist Benjamin Riley took a look under the hood of Alpha School, a private K-12 school company in the US which boasts an AI-based teaching model, among other highly dubious features.

To make the grade, high school students are required to pass an eight-week “bootcamp.” After being invited to follow social media accounts of other students at Alpha School, Riley observed a process more akin to hazing than high school orientation, as the private company made its prospective pupils jump through increasingly degrading hoops to secure their spot on the roster.

For example, students in the bootcamp are required to start a brand-new account on X-formerly-Twitter, for which they’re required to get a minimum of 100 organic followers, pay for X Premium, and post an unknown number of replies to “bigger accounts with real substance,” as one student explained.

“‘Great post’ replies don’t count,” the anonymous student posted in a screenshot shared by Riley. “Buying followers or spamming = automatic fail.”

But forced social media assignments are just the beginning. As part of the bootcamp, students are also required to pass an eyebrow-raising heart rate challenge, in which they’re hooked up to live monitors in front of their classmates and presented with a pre-recorded video of their parents berating them.

“The challenge rule was simple,” one student wrote: “my resting heart rate was 80bpm, and I had to stay within 10 percent of that the whole time. Anything above 88 was a fail.”

It isn’t clear what educational purpose this particular trial was supposed to serve, or what the penalty would be for students who fail the heart rate challenge, or the boot camp overall. At least one student said the eight-week hazing period is meant to “prove I deserve to be here,” though Alpha School didn’t comment on Riley’s inquiry.

“I ended up averaging 87bpm,” the student continued, evidently just barely making the grade. “Barely made the cutoff by one single beat, and my hands were shaking the entire rest of the afternoon.”

As part of boot camp, Alpha School students apparently have their heart rates monitored as they watch recorded videos of their parents critiquing them. This activity takes place in front of their classmates, and students must keep their heart rates within 10 percent of their baseline to pass.

— Benjamin Riley (@benjaminjriley.bsky.social) 2026-09-08T10:55:43.919Z

Additionally, Riley noted that Alpha School “requires students to do unpaid labor cleaning restaurant kitchens or gas-station bathrooms” in a test of “grit and hard work.”

This “assignment,” confirmed by two Alpha School pupils, involved students recording themselves and narrating their tasks, with any complaint or negative comment resulting in an automatic fail.

“We have to find and execute an unglamorous job with zero pay, whether that means mucking horse stalls, cleaning grease traps after closing, washing trash bins, or scrubbing gas station bathrooms,” one of the students explained.

Other challenges abound, like a requirement to complete an entire unit of a standard Advanced Placement course without a teacher — AI chatbots only — and pass an exam within just five days. One 14-year-old student wrote that they were required to survive for three days in an unfamiliar section of wilderness “with only 3 bags of rice and a tent.”

Contacted by Riley for comment, Alpha School flipped the script, hounding the writer for daring to report on the “social media activity of minor children.”

“We ask that you weigh the ethics of identifying minors in this way in your reporting, and we expect any published piece to protect their identities,” an Alpha School representative said.

Responding to Riley’s story, educator and writer Audrey Watters said that “Alpha School’s promises have always been mostly snake-oil: this idea that artificial intelligence can deliver high-speed, high-quality education is mostly the stuff of science fiction, not reality.”

“What we witness with Alpha School isn’t a matter of simply ignoring the weatherman, fingers-crossed hoping that the sun will continue to shine on the chosen few and that the winds will shift again in industry’s favor,” Watters continued, referring to rising outrage against AI, and the Silicon Valley-ethos underlying Alpha School’s mission. “Rather, it’s pretty clear that there’s an absence of any moral compass at all.”

More on AI in education: The Results of Middle and High School Students Using AI Are Extremely Ominous

The post AI School Hooking Children Up to Heart Monitor in Front of Class While Playing Critiques of Their Work appeared first on Futurism.

We can all see the huge waste of talent this represents for the young people concerned and society as a whole.

As a child, Nefatari excelled at advanced mathematics. But a teacher questioned her academic success in this area because the teacher believed Black girls were not good at math. Years later, as a research participant, Nefatari said the teacher's influence steered her away from her preferred field.

Teen reading, math, and science scores have fallen to their lowest levels since international PISA testing began in 2000, with 15-year-olds now reading at roughly the level previously expected of students a year younger. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) linked weaker results to more screen time, less reading for pleasure, and digital distraction. It also found that students who regularly used AI chatbots for tasks like drafting essays and summarizing text scored about 20 points lower in science, roughly equivalent to a year of learning. Reuters reports: A 2012 reading high of 501 on PISA's index had declined to a score of 466 last year. The test is widely regarded as the world's leading gauge of educational performance and its results are closely scrutinized by governments and educators. "In reading, more screen time and less reading for pleasure have gone hand in hand with weaker results," OECD head Mathias Cormann told a press conference. "We're also seeing more hasty reading, students rushing through a text and giving a quick wrong answer." Reading scores fell more sharply in students from better-off backgrounds, the study added. Hindered by falling reading standards, average teenage science and maths skills were also at their lowest this century. Science fell from a 2009 high of 506 on the index to 486, while maths was down from 502 to 469 in the same period. East Asia was the best-performing region. Chinese cities that participated in the test, Japan, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan had the best educational systems with Britain and Estonia the only countries outside the region that made it into the top 10 in reading, mathematics and science.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

New York City just instituted a sweeping ban on schools using AI in the classroom through the start of high school, along with other restrictions on the technology.

Mayor Zohran Mamdani announced the one-year moratorium on Wednesday, calling it the “most comprehensive of its kind anywhere in the country.”

“The tech industry wants us to believe that AI in early education is not only inevitable, but that it is necessary,” Mamdani said during a press conference. “We do not see it that way. I have yet to see a study showing that AI is beneficial for students in elementary and middle school, with the exception, of course, of research sponsored by the very corporations that stand to profit.”

Under the new AI policy, the school system will “fully discontinue or disable more” than 38 AI features that were part of previously allowed programs that don’t meet the new standards, Mamdani said. Ailish Brady, the deputy mayor’s senior education adviser, said that includes an AI reading assistant called Amira, Politico noted.

Young students, starting with kids in 2-K (the city’s free education and daycare program for two-year-olds), won’t use AI as part of class until they enter high school. Even then, its use will be closely controlled. High schools will take limited “AI literacy” classes to prepare students for what Mamdani called an “AI-saturated world.” Exceptions will be made for helping students with learning disabilities or are still learning English. The restrictions also don’t apply to certain approved instructional programs like e-books and coding software.

AI isn’t the only tech the policy grapples with. It also imposes strict limits on screen time, recommending no more than 30 minutes of using devices per day for students in third through fifth grade, and 45 minutes for middle schoolers.

Beyond the broader debate raging on AI’s role in education — with colleges across the country embroiled in AI cheating scandals, as well as a bevy of research suggesting AI impairs critical thinking and other cognitive abilities —  the ban comes after months of New York City facing heated political debate on using the tech in the classroom. In April, controversy erupted over plans to open an AI-focused high school in Manhattan, with a crowd of parents, teachers, and high schoolers protesting outside City Hall. While the plans were withdrawn soon afterwards, it amplified calls on Mamdani to institute an AI moratorium.

While deeming the moratorium a meaningful step in the right direction, some hoped Mamdani would’ve gone further. Kelly Clancy, the founder of Parents for AI Caution and a member of the Coalition for an AI Moratorium, wanted a temporary moratorium on AI in all grades. Some of the original calls for a moratorium demanded that it last at least two years.

“The fact that this policy exists at all is due to the enormous work of parents across the city who spoke out against the overreach of AI into their kids’ classroom,” Clancy told the New York Times.

The aggressive action will be closely watched by other states and school systems. New York City boasts the largest school system in the nation, with the ban affecting more than 600,000 students. It will be a large, and indeed, “comprehensive” experiment in how detoxing young minds on AI will affect their learning — though it pales in size to the experiment that tech companies are conducting by unleashing the tech on students in the first place.

“Children need their teachers and human connection in order to learn and in order to grow,” Mamdani said. “And they need to develop skills alongside their peers, build relationships with their teachers, and wrestle with tough problems on their own.”

More on education: Scientists Gave 12-Year-Olds Access to an AI Tutor and You Probably Already Know What They Did With It

The post Zohran Mamdani Bans AI for NYC Public School Students Up to Eighth Grade appeared first on Futurism.

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People online are distressed at men butchering words such as ‘hyperbole’ and ‘hors d’oeuvres’ – highlighting a gender reversal in ‘intelligence gaps’

There are common non-negotiables we look for in a prospective partner. They should be kind, caring and thoughtful. Having a shared interest helps. So does remembering important dates and anniversaries. But how much does it matter if they know how to pronounce the word “gnocchi”?

Turns out that’s a potential dealbreaker, at least according to a (rather judgy) cohort on TikTok. See: the “Illiterate Boyfriend” trend, which is testing some couples on the app. Users have compiled a list of what are essentially SAT words for women to ask their male partners to read. Many of these men – this is an overwhelmingly heterosexual activity – fail to finish the list unscathed. They trip over entries such as “hyperbole”, “cynicism”, “diaphragmatic” and the oft-butchered French term, “hors d’oeuvres”.

Continue reading...

© Illustration: Rita Liu/The Guardian

© Illustration: Rita Liu/The Guardian

© Illustration: Rita Liu/The Guardian

In this Op-Ed piece, Samreen Makhfi, an Afghan woman currently living in Afghanistan, reflects on life in Afghanistan five years after the Taliban’s return to power, using the country’s Independence Day—August 19—as a contrast between its historical aspirations and present conditions. The Debrief’s Chrissy Newton contributed to this report.

Today is August 19, 2026. One hundred and seven years ago, on this day, King Amanullah Khan declared Afghanistan independent. Were Queen Soraya alive to witness this day, sorrow would overwhelm her. Perhaps sorrow would be too small a word.

She carried the torch of education for Afghan girls, believing that a nation could not walk forward while half of its people were kept behind. Now that torch seems to have been extinguished by decrees and prohibitions. Girls are shut out of secondary school and university. Women’s paths into professions that once promised them a future as teachers, doctors, engineers, and artists have narrowed or disappeared. They are granted only the bitter permission to survive, polishing men’s shoes until their hands harden, and begging in the streets until their voices become hoarse. 

My sister tells me she even misses the honking of the car that used to take us to school, that impatient horn we once felt irritated by. Back then, she complained about waking up too early and counted the days until holidays. Now she says, “I even miss the feeling of being sleepy, the heavy eyelids, the rush of morning air, the chatter of classmates as soon as we entered the gate.”

What once felt like a burden became a relic. I miss the little shop near our school. I remember the elderly uncle who seemed to know exactly how easily my sweet tooth could betray me. He would smile when he saw us and say, “I’ve brought a new flavor of cupcakes and chocolate.” It is strange how oppression can make you nostalgic for things you once considered ordinary.

Consequences of closing those classroom doors reach far beyond the girls sitting behind them. Afghan men want female doctors to treat their wives, mothers, and daughters. They want women to be cared for by women, especially in matters of health and childbirth. But how can tomorrow’s female doctors exist when today’s girls are prevented from becoming students? The ones who are denied education are the very girls who could have filled those roles. 

Decree No. 18, issued in May 2026, states that a girl’s silence after puberty can be interpreted as consent to marriage. Imagine being too young to understand what marriage means, yet old enough, according to the law, for your silence to be placed on a contract you never knew you were signing. And if that marriage becomes a place of violence rather than safety, escape is not equally available to her. Men retain unilateral divorce rights, while women face restrictive judicial avenues for separation. Even the language of the law can become another wall between a woman and the life she wants to reclaim.

However, the walls do not end at the home. The country’s beauty is fenced off, too; women are not allowed to visit many tourist sites, even with their families. Restrictions on women’s access to public spaces have made ordinary pleasures such as parks, public places, and travel another negotiation with authority. I think of Qargha. Its waters glitter beneath the sun, and the breeze carries the scent of pine. Somewhere in that landscape, a girl should be able to laugh beside the water and to dip their hands into its coolness. But even the beauty of the country can become gendered. The mountains remain visible. The lake remains blue. The wind still moves through the trees. Only the people allowed to enjoy them have changed.

At this point, men’s situation is no better than ours. University graduates joke bitterly, “We successfully completed the journey from ‘university students’ to ‘unemployed’.” The joke lands because everyone knows a degree has become a piece of paper. A profession has become a distant possibility. A young person looks toward adulthood and finds the road strangely empty. One of today’s high officials even declared that political loyalty can matter more than merit in terms of opportunities. 

Once, even our flawed elections gave us the illusion that our voices could tug, however weakly, on the direction and fate of the country. The ballot box was imperfect, but it gave people the sensation of having a hand on the wheel. Now even that thread has snapped. There is no ballot to mark, no campaign to argue over, no candidate to disappoint us after promising something better. Right now, citizens have no say in the politics of their country. In the media, the only journalists who can survive are those who avoid talking about everything that is going wrong. And underneath the politics is something much more immediate.

Bread

For many families, bread is scarce, and work is scarcer. Poverty does not always arrive dramatically. Sometimes it is an empty cupboard and fridge, a postponed purchase, or a child asking for something that a parent cannot afford. Sometimes it is watching one family struggle while another, somehow, continues to live comfortably, its pockets lined with opportunities that seem to belong to a different Afghanistan.

Leaving has become its own kind of privilege. A person can dream of another country and still find the border of that dream closed. Visas are denied or restricted, and the simple desire to travel somewhere else, to see another country, breathe different air, return home again, can become almost impossible. And yet, even in the face of closed borders, desperation has driven many Afghans to move anyway.

Many, overwhelmed by the hopelessness of life here, have even fled toward Iran while war was still raging there. They looked at a country caught in conflict and somehow decided that perhaps danger there was preferable to the life waiting for them here. There is something devastating about that calculation. When people begin comparing one war with another and asking which one might be easier to survive, you know home has stopped feeling like home.

Afghanistan remains

The mountains have not packed their bags. The morning sun still spills over Kabul. Children still laugh. Mothers still cook. Someone still opens a shop in the morning. Someone still remembers the taste of a particular chocolate. Somewhere, perhaps, a girl still keeps an old school notebook tucked inside a drawer, its pages filled with handwriting from a life that feels increasingly distant. And still, some study through second‑hand phones, and some work online.

Perhaps the world remembers us; perhaps it has turned away. But the true heroes are those who carry our story in their lungs, those who breathe it in, breathe it out, and refuse to let silence become the final language of Afghanistan.

Poem by Samreen Makhfi

It is the fifth year now and the walls 

are coming closer

inch by inch, stone by stone

I come to the tree

 

The same one that has stood through 

all our years, older than my father

older than his father, a witness planted 

deep in the bones of Kabul

 

It remembers the golden days

of Zahir Shah, and the ones that followed 

It saw the first Taliban rise

and watched them fall

 

It watched the Republic arrive with its 

promises, its flags, its endless foreign money 

pouring into the pockets of men who enjoyed 

themselves in air-conditioned rooms when civilians 

 

paid with their blood 

Then it saw them return. Again.The Taliban

I place both hands on the trunk

and shake it with everything I have

 

The bark scrapes my palms

The smell of sap rises into my throat

“Tell me,” I scream, “how can you still stand?”

“How, when you have seen everything?”

 

Great-grandfather cut your branches

for the bitter winters, and you grew them back.

Grandfather carved your strong wood

into a swing for his grandsons,

 

Father sat beneath your shadow

when the Kabul sun burned the streets white.

And you–you still stand.

I press my forehead against your skin.

 

You are warm. Steady. Alive.

I am here to borrow some of your strength.

I am tired of history repeating itself 

I am tired

I am tired

I am tired

Samreen Makhfi is the pen name of an Afghan woman currently living in Afghanistan. 

At Macstock 2026, Max Mellman showed off his his iPhone app, I Love a Piano. Max explains how the app stands out through realistic haptic feedback, intuitive navigation, portrait and landscape support, and a design that encourages exploration instead of intimidation. Chuck and Max also discuss his inspiration, teaching carrer, future iPad support, and broader […]

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In a conversation at Macstock 2026, Adam Christianson reflects on retiring the MacCast, joining Mac Geek Gab, and starting the Debut Film Podcast with his daughter. He also explains how his views on AI have evolved, how ChatGPT and Claude support his programming work, why human oversight remains essential, and what AI may mean for […]

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The MacVoices Live! panel dives deep into Apple’s across-the-board price increases, weighing rising RAM, storage, inflation, shareholder obligations, and product value. Chuck Joiner, David Ginsburg, Brian Flanigan-Arthurs, Ben Roethig, Eric Bolden, Marty Jencius, Jeff Gamet, Norbert Frassa, Jim Rea, and Web Bixby debate whether higher prices are a short-term reset or the new normal, how buyers may react, why the MacBook Neo increase stings, and whether refurbished or education pricing may become more important. 

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Several tech stories kick off this session, including RAID software compatibility warnings, Bending Spoons’ IPO, foreign influence campaigns around data centers, and Fox’s reported Roku purchase. Chuck Joiner, David Ginsburg, Jim Rea, Marty Jencius, Web Bixby, Jeff Gamet, and Eric Bolden focus heavily on streaming control, smart TV data collection, Apple TV’s future, Spotify’s removal of fake drug-related podcasts, and the rapid growth of AI majors in higher education. 

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