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In Nepal and Tibet, Pollution on Glaciers Could Fuel More Flood Disasters

Darkened by soot from vehicles and factories, the region’s glaciers are absorbing more heat and melting at dangerous rates.

Β© Jason Gulley for The New York Times

A meltwater lake on the Ngozumpa Glacier in Nepal in 2025.
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A Melting Glacier in Nepal Was a Time Bomb. There Are More to Come.

A geologist reflects on the disaster and explains why rapid warming will make deadly glacial floods far more common.

Β© Jason Gulley for The New York Times

A researcher paddled an inflatable kayak equipped with sonar to measure the depths of a meltwater lake on the Ngozumpa Glacier in Nepal last year.
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A Powerful El NiΓ±o Is Forming. If History Is a Guide, It Could Hit Hard.

The biggest episodes of the past have altered the course of human events, according to researchers. An emerging one is drawing historic comparisons.

Β© Dea/Biblioteca Ambrosiana, via Getty Images

An illustration published in 1877 depicted a scene in southern India. Millions died from a famine that coincided with an El NiΓ±o that year.
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