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Acapulco Leads Imagen Awards With 13 Nominations

Acapulco Imagen Awards recognition has given Apple TV’s bilingual comedy one more victory after its fourth and final season. The series leads the 41st Annual Imagen Awards with 13 nominations, placing its cast, directors, music team and production among the year’s most celebrated examples of Latino creative work.

The Imagen Foundation announced the nominations Thursday as part of its annual program recognizing Latino talent and representation across film, television, music, documentaries and digital media. Acapulco received more nominations than any other series, including recognition for Best Comedy Series and multiple acting and directing performances.

The awards organization also announced that actor, filmmaker, producer and musician Andy Garcia will receive its Lifetime Achievement Award. Garcia is separately nominated for his supporting performance in Landman, giving the ceremony another connection between a career-spanning honor and current screen work.

For Apple TV, the nominations extend the life of a series that completed its run in September 2025. Acapulco may have checked out of Las Colinas, but the Imagen Awards are giving the resort one more crowded week.

Acapulco Imagen Awards Reach Across the Production

The 13 nominations show how widely the Imagen Foundation recognized the series rather than concentrating only on its lead actors.

Acapulco is nominated for Best Comedy Series, while Oscar Almengor and Santiago Limón both received Best Director nominations. Javier Nuño and Joe Rodríguez were recognized for Best Music Supervision for Film or Television.

Enrique Arrizon and Camila Perez are both nominated in the Best Actor — Comedy category. Although the category name uses “Actor,” the Imagen Foundation placed performers of different genders together in the 2026 comedy field.

The supporting categories gave Acapulco an especially strong presence. Eugenio Derbez, Fernando Carsa, Carlos Corona and Cristo Fernández received Best Supporting Actor — Comedy nominations. Vanessa Bauche and Keyla Monterroso Mejia are nominated for Best Supporting Actress — Comedy.

That distribution reflects the ensemble structure that allowed Acapulco to run for four seasons. The series used Máximo Gallardo’s memories as its entry point, but Las Colinas worked because the hotel was filled with characters whose ambitions, friendships and disasters could carry stories of their own.

The show’s visual identity often received attention first. Its bright colors, resort setting and polished 1980s design made it easy to recognize within seconds. The Imagen nominations reach beyond that appearance and recognize the performances, direction and music that gave the setting its emotional rhythm.

Samantha Orozco and Enrique Arrizon in Acapulco
Image Credit: Apple Inc.

A Final Season That Kept the Ensemble Moving

The fourth season returned to Las Colinas with two connected timelines. In the present day, Máximo worked to restore the hotel before its reopening. In 1986, his younger self tried to protect Las Colinas after a competing resort claimed the top position in Acapulco’s annual hotel rankings.

That structure allowed the series to close the distance between the ambitious young employee played by Arrizon and the successful older man played by Derbez. The final episodes had to complete character relationships, resolve the hotel’s future and explain how youthful choices shaped the life Máximo later built.

The Imagen nominations suggest the final season avoided becoming a farewell built only around nostalgia. Its actors remained competitive across several categories, and both nominated directors received recognition for guiding individual parts of the closing chapter.

Acapulco also maintained its bilingual identity throughout the run. English and Spanish were not treated as occasional flavor or a translation exercise. They reflected the characters, workplace and cultural setting. That helped the series reach an international audience without removing the Mexican identity at its center.

For Apple TV, that combination provided a comedy that could travel globally while remaining tied to a specific place and community.

Apple TV Earns Recognition Beyond One Series

Acapulco delivered Apple TV’s largest Imagen Awards presence, but it was not the service’s only nominated production.

Pluribus received a nomination for Best Drama Series, while Carlos-Manuel Vesga was nominated for Best Supporting Actor — Drama. The Morning Show earned nominations for director Miguel Arteta and supporting actor Nestor Carbonell.

Peter Dager of Stick joined Carbonell in the supporting comedy category, while Mariana Treviño received a Best Supporting Actress — Comedy nomination for the same series. Isabella Gomez was recognized for Shrinking, and Aimee Carrero received a nomination for Your Friends & Neighbors.

Apple’s animated series also appeared in the youth category, with WondLa and Wonder Pets: In the City both nominated for Best Youth Programming. Harvey Guillén received a Best Voice-Over Actor nomination for Shape Island.

The broader list reinforces Apple TV’s ability to attract Latino performers and creators across genres rather than through one designated cultural title. Drama, workplace comedy, animation and mystery all contributed to the service’s presence.

Acapulco remains the centerpiece because its 13 nominations represent recognition of an entire production, not a single breakout performance.

Enrique Arrizon in Acapulco
Image Credit: Apple Inc.

Andy Garcia Receives a Career Honor

Andy Garcia’s Lifetime Achievement Award gives the ceremony a different scale. His career has moved through major studio films, independent productions, television, directing, producing and music over several decades.

Garcia became widely known through films including The Untouchables, Internal Affairs, The Godfather Part III and Ocean’s Eleven. His performance as Vincent Mancini in The Godfather Part III earned him an Academy Award nomination, while later roles allowed him to move between crime drama, comedy, family stories and television.

His Imagen recognition also reflects a career shaped by Cuban American identity without limiting him to one type of role. Garcia has frequently spoken about cultural representation, creative ownership and the difficulty of bringing Latino-centered stories through the traditional Hollywood system.

The Lifetime Achievement Award arrives while Garcia remains active rather than functioning as a retirement tribute. His nomination for Landman places him directly inside the current awards field he is being asked to help represent.

That combination suits the Imagen Foundation’s mission. The honor recognizes longevity, but it also connects Garcia’s career with the actors, directors and producers building the next generation of Latino entertainment.

A Strong Farewell for Las Colinas

Acapulco ended after four seasons, which makes the scale of its Imagen recognition especially satisfying. The series did not need a fifth season announcement to extend its cultural presence. Its final production year generated enough work to lead an entire awards field.

The show also leaves Apple TV with a useful model for international programming. Acapulco was local without being narrow, bilingual without turning language into a gimmick and colorful without allowing its visual style to replace character development.

Its 13 nominations cover the exact areas that sustained that model: acting, direction, music and the series as a whole. The result is less like one last souvenir from Las Colinas and more like a full luggage cart.

Winners of the 41st Annual Imagen Awards will be announced during the ceremony in August. Acapulco will arrive with the largest number of chances, while Andy Garcia receives an honor that extends far beyond one performance or season.

The hotel may have closed its final television chapter, but the Imagen Awards have found 13 reasons to reopen the doors.

The post Acapulco Leads Imagen Awards With 13 Nominations appeared first on AppleMagazine.

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Amazon Prime Day 2026: Our Top Picks

Amazon Prime Day is earlier than ever this year, with lots of deals to be had on our favorite gadgets. As you may have seen, we updated our MacStories Setups page last week, and as it turns out, some of that gear is deeply discounted for Prime Day. Below, you’ll find links to those items, as well as other gadgets we recommend, all on sale now.

For even more deals, join Club MacStories+ or Premier to become a part of our Discord community, where members are sharing their favorite finds, too.

Home Automation

It’s been over a year since I reviewed Aqara’s excellent G5 Pro Outdoor Camera Hub, but it’s still my all-time favorite outdoor HomeKit camera and has been a big hit with readers, too. The camera comes in Wi-Fi and PoE versions and works with HomeKit Secure Video. Before I tried the G5 Pro, my experience with outdoor HomeKit cameras was very spotty, but ever since I mounted the G5 Pro above my front door, it’s been a fixture of my Setups gear collection.

You can also get a great deal on the Aqara Smart Home Hub M3 during Prime Day. It’s not required to run the G5 Pro Outdoor Camera, which is a hub itself, but for anyone with other smart home gear, it’s an excellent addition because it handles Zigbee 3.0 devices and acts as both a Thread border router and a Matter controller, all in one compact unit. Plus, because automations are saved to the device, they continue to run even if your Internet service fails.

To round out the Aqara picks, it’s worth mentioning its UWB Smart Lock U400. This is Aqara’s most advanced smart lock, which uses an Ultra Wideband chip to allow you to unlock your door by simply approaching it from the outside of the door. The lock also works with Home Key, NFC cards, your fingerprint, its own app, a number pad, and more. This smart lock hasn’t been out long, and this is the first time I’ve seen it on sale anywhere.

The ecobee Smart Video Doorbell Camera that I’ve used since I moved into my place in North Carolina is also on sale during Prime Day. I used to have a doorbell camera that overheated in the sun, but the ecobee has stood up like a champ in the direct sunlight all afternoon even as summer temperatures approach 100° F.

If you’re deep into the Hue lighting scene, the Play HDMI Sync Box 8K is a great way to sync your lighting to your entertainment system or computer display for gaming. I reviewed the Sync Box last year along with the Play Wall Washer lights that are also on sale for Prime Day and still part of my gaming setup.

The Hue Festavia string lights.

The Hue Festavia string lights.

Another MacStories Setups mainstay on sale for Prime Day is Hue’s Festavia string lights, which I reviewed a couple of years ago. The color of the lights can be adjusted in the Home app, and the Hue app lets you add animations to simulate a flickering candle or twinkling stars. I love how they look on my balcony.

It’s hot where I live, so fans make a big difference. I’ve been using the SwitchBot Smart Desk Fan for about six months in my office and love it. It works with HomeKit and can be automated to turn on and off based on triggers like your room’s temperature. There’s even a cloud-based API that you can use to write your own scripts to control the fan. It and the newer Smart Pedestal Fan are both on sale for Prime Day.

Schlage’s Encode Plus smart lock is one of the few HomeKit-compatible locks that features Apple’s Home Key integration, which enables tap to unlock with an iPhone or Apple Watch. With new UWB locks coming out, this well-reviewed lock is a bargain at its Prime Day price.

Apple Gear

Amazon has a refurbished version of the M4 15-inch MacBook Air in Starlight with 16GB of memory and 256GB of storage on sale for Prime Day. The laptop is from the Amazon Renewed Store, which is generally reliable. And with rumors swirling that base prices of Apple hardware may increase later this month, this MacBook Air might look like an even better bargain in a few weeks, so it’s worth considering if you’re in the market for a new laptop. The 13-inch MacBook Air with an M3 chip, 16GB of memory and a 512GB SSD is also deeply discounted for Prime Day.

I’m partial to the AirPods Pro 3, but Amazon has the AirPods 4 and AirPods Max 2 on sale, too. Either way, you’re getting great sound and noise cancellation. The Beats Studio Buds + are deeply discounted for Prime Day as well.

Apple Watch Series 11 and Apple Watch SE 3 are also on sale. With summer in full swing, both offer a great way to track your outdoor activities and get notifications without having to pull out your iPhone.

Batteries and Chargers

Having a central hub to charge your gear is nice. I’ve had a 200W version of UGREEN’s hub for a few years now and plug things into it every day for overnight charging. For Prime Day, UGREEN’s even more powerful 300W charging hub is on sale. It features four USB-C ports and one USB-A port that can charge at up to 140W.

The Anker MagGo Slim Power Bank is about as slim as a 10,000mAh battery can get. It’s Qi2 certified, which means it will charge your iPhone at 15W, and it’s white, making it the perfect fit with an iPhone Air, too. If you’d prefer a similar battery but with a kickstand (and who doesn’t love a kickstand?), Anker has you covered with its MagGo Power Bank, also on sale for Prime Day.

To charge all your Apple devices overnight, I recommend the Belkin 3-in-1 Wireless Charging Station that can handle an iPhone, Apple Watch, and AirPods all at once. It’s Qi2 certified for 15W charging of your iPhone, and has everything charged up and ready to go as soon as you wake up in the morning.

Odds and Ends

I’m a fan of the Logitech MX Creative Console, a Stream Deck competitor with a nine-button programmable keypad and a separate pad with a dial, scroll wheel, and additional buttons. Both are perfect for automating workflows in specific apps or with macros and Shortcuts. I reviewed the MX Creative Console in 2024, and it’s still sitting on my desk.

The ASUS ProArt Display 32-inch 6K Professional Monitor is on sale for Prime Day, too. The display is bigger, significantly cheaper, and competitively spec’d compared to an Apple Studio Display.

I’ve tried lots of iPhone controllers over the years, and one of the most comfortable and versatile is GameSir’s G8, which can even accommodate an iPad mini. The G8 works with the iPhone 15 and above and is a great choice for summer vacations when you don’t want to bring along a dedicated gaming device.


That’s it for now. As we spot more deals, we’ll post them on the MacStories Deals Bluesky and Mastodon accounts, as well as in the Club MacStories+ Discord community.

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Apple Watch Series 11 Drops to $299, MacBook Pro Up to $500 Off in Latest Apple Deals

Some of the best Apple-related discounts this week include $100 off the Apple Watch Series 11, $150 off the M5 MacBook Air, and up to $500 off the 2026 MacBook Pro. You'll also find great deals on Anker accessories available on Amazon right now.

Note: MacRumors is an affiliate partner with some of these vendors. When you click a link and make a purchase, we may receive a small payment, which helps us keep the site running.

MacBook Pro



  • What's the deal? Take up to $500 off MacBook Pro

  • Where can I get it? Amazon

  • Where can I find the original deal? Right here




Amazon's prices on the 2026 MacBook Pro have now joined in on Apple's recent price hikes, meaning we're no longer tracking pre-hike markdowns on these devices. However, there are still notable sales to be found if you're shopping for a MacBook Pro this month, with up to $500 off new prices available right now on Amazon.

Apple Watch Series 11



  • What's the deal? Take $100 off Apple Watch Series 11

  • Where can I get it? Amazon

  • Where can I find the original deal? Right here




Amazon this week has low prices on the Apple Watch Series 11, with $100 discounts across numerous models of the smartwatch. This sale includes a handful of 42mm and 46mm GPS aluminum models, but cellular devices are a bit more rare this time around.

MacBook Air



  • What's the deal? Take $150 off M5 MacBook Air

  • Where can I get it? Amazon

  • Where can I find the original deal? Right here



Amazon is taking $150 off multiple models of the M5 MacBook Air, focused mainly on 13-inch models this time around. These are some of the lowest prices we've seen on the notebooks in the wake of Apple's price hikes last month.

Anker



  • What's the deal? Save on Anker accessories

  • Where can I get it? Amazon

  • Where can I find the original deal? Right here




Anker's popular Prime 3-in-1 Wireless Charging Station has dropped to $99.74 on Amazon, down from $149.99. This is one of Anker's newest accessories, and Amazon's sale today is a match of the all-time low price that we last tracked during Prime Day. There are plenty of other Anker accessories on sale this week, which you can find in our original post.

If you're on the hunt for more discounts, be sure to visit our Apple Deals roundup where we recap the best Apple-related bargains of the past week.




Deals Newsletter


Interested in hearing more about the best deals you can find in 2026? Sign up for our Deals Newsletter and we'll keep you updated so you don't miss the biggest deals of the season!




Related Roundup: Apple Deals

This article, "Apple Watch Series 11 Drops to $299, MacBook Pro Up to $500 Off in Latest Apple Deals" first appeared on MacRumors.com

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Chemists shrink gallium nitride, the material behind LED lighting, into nanocrystals

Nanocrystals are so useful that they formed the basis of the 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. But despite their usefulness, scientists have so far been able to make these microscopic crystals from only a limited palette of materials. A group of chemists at the University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory has announced a way to make nanocrystals from a useful class of materials known as metal nitrides—a previously impossible task.

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Epigenetic mechanism explains how some plants cope with salt stress

Due to artificial irrigation and rising temperatures, the concentration of salts (including sodium chloride, or "table salt") is increasing in soils worldwide. This is not only an environmental problem but also a challenge for agriculture. For example, increased salinity can disrupt the water balance of most plants (known as glycophytes) or even lead to their death, including crops.

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Great Barrier Reef Acropora deaths tied to climate swings and human pressures

A new analysis revisits the Great Barrier Reef’s past losses of Acropora corals, showing that reef decline was not only a modern story of warming oceans. Using historical ecological records alongside climate-linked environmental data, the study links earlier episodes of Acropora mortality to shifting variability in ocean conditions—factors that can amplify heat stress even before today’s extremes fully arrive. The findings suggest that the reef’s vulnerability has deep roots, shaped by how the atmosphere and oceans interact over time.

The researchers focus on Acropora, a genus that forms structurally complex habitats and supports high biodiversity. When these branching corals die, the consequences cascade: shelter and food sources shrink, juvenile recruitment becomes harder, and reef recovery slows. Their approach connects mortality signals across time to measures of climate variability, aiming to distinguish natural swings from persistent human-driven pressures.

Clues come from patterns consistent with stress events driven by warmer-than-usual water, altered temperature dynamics, and changing conditions that influence coral physiology. Importantly, the work frames these stressors as interacting rather than acting alone. Climate variability can raise the frequency and severity of harmful conditions, while human impacts provide chronic background stress that reduces coral resilience.

The study emphasizes that anthropogenic impacts—such as local water-quality degradation and other human pressures—can intensify the damage caused during climate-driven heat or disturbance events. In this view, the reef does not simply “survive” or “collapse” based on temperature alone; it fails when multiple stressors converge, tipping corals past thresholds for survival and regrowth.

This “multi-stressor” model matters for forecasts. If past mortality aligns with periods of heightened climate variability, then future reef risk depends not only on long-term warming trends but also on how variability evolves. That means management strategies must be tuned to both the climate signal and the local pressures that determine how quickly corals can bounce back after shocks.

The authors also highlight that historical mortality patterns can function like a preview of likely future dynamics. Instead of treating recent bleaching as the first chapter, the analysis portrays a longer timeline of stress accumulation. The reef’s trajectory, they argue, reflects a system that has repeatedly been strained and partially recovered—until cumulative impacts made recovery less complete.

With the Great Barrier Reef facing intensifying marine heatwaves, this work adds urgency to climate mitigation and local conservation. It suggests that reducing human pressures can buy time by strengthening coral tolerance, even as global temperatures continue to rise. In viral science terms, the message is clear: the reef’s past predicts its future—and human actions can still change the ending.

Subject of Research: Great Barrier Reef coral (Acropora) mortality
Article Title: Past Acropora mortality on the Great Barrier Reef linked to climate variability and anthropogenic impacts.
Article References: Clark, T.R., Leonard, N.D., Jupiter, S.D. et al. (2026). Commun Earth Environ. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-03800-9
Image Credits: AI Generated
DOI: 10.1038/s43247-026-03800-9

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Queen Odor Mediates Reproductive Suppression in Eusocial Mammals

Naked mole-rats have long puzzled biologists with their striking eusocial structure, where most adults remain reproductively suppressed while a queen controls the colony’s future. Now, a new study identifies a chemical “queen odour” that links social status to endocrine control, revealing a mammalian analogue to insect queen pheromones.

The molecule, termed IPM, is enriched by the queen and acts as the key mediator of reproductive suppression in non-breeding females. When IPM is present, circulating prolactin rises while progesterone is suppressed, locking the colony into a stable reproductive hierarchy characterized by reduced conflict and maintained group cohesion.

Crucially, the team connects this behavioural outcome to the brain. Using multiple approaches—including non-invasive functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI)—they show that IPM provokes strong activation of olfactory neurons and central neural circuits. This provides a neural substrate for how a chemical cue can trigger colony-wide physiological change, rather than relying on social learning or passive association.

The experiments also clarify sensory routing. Ablating olfaction abolishes aggression initiation and lowers prolactin levels, directly tying IPM detection to reproductive suppression. While the findings are consistent with sensing through the main olfactory epithelium, the authors note that the vomeronasal system may still contribute.

Queen removal normally destabilizes colonies, leading to aggression, reproductive competition, prolactin decline, and, in extreme cases, mortality. Yet when IPM is added to queenless bedding, the colony remains stable for months. During this period, fecal progesterone metabolite levels stay low, indicating sustained ovarian quiescence alongside elevated prolactin.

The study also addresses a longstanding paradox: transferring soiled bedding and urine from parent colonies fails to maintain suppression in isolated individuals. The authors propose that IPM’s chemistry helps explain this discrepancy. As a long-chain fatty acid ester with low volatility, IPM may persist within the colony environment but fail to travel effectively over distance or survive transfer pathways that preferentially carry other chemicals.

Comparative work extends beyond naked mole-rats. IPM is detected in breeding females of four additional Fukomys species. Although reproductive suppression mechanisms may differ across species, the presence of a similar queen-linked odorant suggests convergent chemical strategies for managing reproductive skew in eusocial mammals.

Overall, the research reframes reproduction control as a chemosensory-to-endocrine pathway: IPM activates olfactory–hypothalamic signalling, elevating prolactin and inhibiting GnRH release. This “social hormone” model offers a new principle for social evolution—chemical cues can synchronize behaviour and physiology at the scale of an entire mammal colony.

Subject of Research: Reproductive suppression and social hierarchy in eusocial mammals (naked mole-rats and related Fukomys species)

Article Title: A queen odour mediates reproductive suppression in a eusocial mammal

Article References:

Khallaf, M.A., Hart, D.W., Luo, W. et al. A queen odour mediates reproductive suppression in a eusocial mammal.
Nature (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10772-5

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10772-5

Keywords: IPM; queen odour; reproductive suppression; prolactin; GnRH; olfaction; eusociality; functional ultrasound imaging; Fukomys

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Hasanuddin University Study Shows Bacterial Cellulose for High-Performance Energy Storage

Bacterial cellulose—nature’s own polymer scaffold—is gaining attention as a renewable feedstock for supercapacitor electrodes. With modern devices demanding fast charge, high power bursts, and long cycle life, researchers are searching for electrode materials that combine performance with sustainability.

A new systematic literature review led by Prof. Dahlang Tahir at Hasanuddin University, Indonesia, maps how bacterial cellulose-derived carbon (BCC) is turned into energy-storage electrodes—and why some fabrication paths outperform others. The study synthesizes evidence from the scientific record to clarify which processing choices control electrochemical behavior.

The review focuses on BCC as a precursor to porous carbon. Bacterial cellulose forms a naturally pure, interconnected network of nanoscale fibers, and heat treatment can convert that architecture into carbon structures with tunable porosity—critical for charge storage. The authors emphasize that electrical performance is not just a matter of “making carbon,” but of preserving and engineering the fiber network before carbonization.

Across 49 Scopus-indexed journal articles, the team compares major strategies including direct carbonization, chemical activation to enlarge pore systems, heteroatom doping to modify surface chemistry, and composite fabrication with materials that can add rapid redox (pseudocapacitive) contributions.

A recurring message is the importance of pre-carbonization drying. Freeze-drying appears as the most commonly used approach because it limits collapse of the wet nanofiber structure during water removal. Since pore architecture governs ion access and charge transport, maintaining nanoscale structure can translate into higher effective capacitance.

The review also distinguishes test formats. Three-electrode measurements are frequently reported, but two-electrode devices better represent real supercapacitor operation, where electrode–electrode interactions shape performance.

When processing is optimized, the results point toward a pathway for BCC-based electrodes to rival or surpass commercial activated carbon under comparable conditions. Activation and heteroatom doping generally increase accessible surface area and create additional active sites, while composites often achieve the strongest capacitance by combining electrical double-layer effects with fast surface reactions.

Yet the authors warn that progress is constrained by inconsistent experimental reporting, uneven protocols, and limited mechanistic understanding. To move beyond laboratory demonstrations, they call for predictive design, data-driven structure–performance models, scalable carbonization methods, and robust flexible devices resistant to deformation and humidity.

Subject of Research: Supercapacitor electrodes using bacterial cellulose-derived carbon
Article Title: Bacterial cellulose-derived carbon electrodes for supercapacitors: Fabrication strategies, electrochemical performance, and mechanical properties — A review
News Publication Date: 9 June 2026
Web References: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2026.123044
References: 10.1016/j.est.2026.123044
Image Credits: Lightenoughtotravel from Wikimedia Commons

Keywords

bacterial cellulose; supercapacitors; porous carbon; freeze-drying; chemical activation; heteroatom doping; electrode materials; two-electrode testing; pseudocapacitance; sustainable energy storage

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Industrial waste solidified a UK beach in just 35 years

Humans have been around for only about 0.01% of Earth’s history, yet we’ve altered natural landscapes and processes that have remained stable for millions of years. A team of researchers from the University of Glasgow recently studied a formerly sandy beach in the UK that highlights how fast these changes can occur.

Industrial steel and iron furnaces operated extensively in the UK from 1856 until the 1980s. During these decades, workers dumped roughly 335 million cubic meters (90 billion gallons) of molten furnace waste, called slag, across the country. Of that, roughly 27 million cubic meters (6 million gallons) now sits on the coast of Derwent Howe in a massive 30-meter (100-foot), solidified cliff. 

The researchers analyzed this region to understand how man-made, or anthropogenic, materials influence the way rocks form. Rocks naturally form and change into different types of rocks over million-year timescales, through a continuous process called the rock cycle. When the team uncovered a soda can tab manufactured in 1989 within the hardened grains, or clasts, of slag, they concluded that the beach had solidified within the last 35 years. Based on this discovery, they proposed a new term for rocks formed from anthropogenic sediments: the anthropoclastic rock cycle. 

The team collected 1,300 grains of sediment from 13 sites in the study area and found that 83% were slag. Natural beach sediments, like quartz sand, comprised only about 17% of the grains. As wind and waves broke down the cliff, slag clasts fell off and became rounded by friction as tides transported them from the cliff to the beach. 

At the boundary where the slag touched the beach, the researchers also saw evidence that the slag had seeped into the underlying wet sediment. The rocks there resembled a type of rock called peperite, which forms when lava flows over wet, loose sediments.  They concluded that this peperite-like rock formed as the molten slag flowed over the still sandy beach. Slag is much thicker than wet sand, so the resulting rock looked like blobs of slag encased in sandy rock. 

The researchers then visually observed how the slag grains were arranged in the solidified rock to reconstruct the tidewater speeds at different points in the coast’s history. The different ways sediments are arranged within a rock are called sedimentary features, and they reflect the processes that formed the rock. For example, as water flows over sand, it forms small, dune-like ripples. When the sand beds harden into rock, the ripples are preserved as features known as trough cross-bedding. 

Faster water erases any ripple formations and instead forms horizontal layers in the sediment, known as planar lamination. The researchers observed both trough cross-bedding and planar laminations preserved in the slag beach rocks. These sedimentary features indicate that the beach at Derwent Howe turned from loose sediment into rock in a generation. 

To investigate why this beach rapidly solidified, the researchers scanned the surfaces of the beach rock with electron beams and X-rays using a scanning electron microscope, or SEM, equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray, or EDX. Every chemical element emits a unique set of X-rays with different wavelengths when hit with EDX, so the researchers could compare the X-rays from their samples to databases of known mineral X-ray signatures. They identified the primary binding agents as calcium- and iron-rich minerals like calcite, goethite, and brucite. These minerals are called cements because they bind grains of sediment together. 

The researchers expected the slag to produce these cement compositions, since extracting metal ores from rock enriches the resultant slag in calcium, magnesium, manganese, and iron, which readily dissolve in water. When water flowing between closely packed slag grains can no longer hold additional dissolved elements, those elements precipitate as solid mineral cements. Since cements only form when the water has very high concentrations of dissolved elements, the introduction of massive amounts of slag caused the cement to form faster than it would in waters with lower concentrations of elements.

The researchers suspected that the anthropoclastic rock cycle they observed at Derwent Howe is not uncommon. Since slag contains all the elements necessary to form rocks when in contact with seawater and air, slag deposits all over the world could be rapidly influencing their local environments. With this in mind, the team suggested that future researchers update geological models to account for human contributions to the natural rock cycle. 

The post Industrial waste solidified a UK beach in just 35 years appeared first on Sciworthy.

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