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Why shame is an evolution-based defense mechanism

It is unpleasant, strange and often comes as a surprise: shame. But why do we feel it? An international study has shed new light on the emotion of shame, which has long been considered harmful. The conclusion: Shame is not merely an inconvenient feeling, but may fulfill an important function. As an evolution-based protective mechanism, it can help us protect our social reputation.

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Would you return a favor? Scientists say it depends on the relationship

When a friend buys you a cup of coffee, it's likely that next time, you'll return the gesture. This type of reciprocal generosity has been well-documented in behavioral economics studies. However, anthropologists and other social scientists have known for decades that in the context of relationships where one person has more power, status or influence, reciprocal generosity is usually not the norm.

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Virtual future selves improve students' planning and motivation, with gains seen after six months

Future-oriented thinking is a cornerstone of healthy decision-making, academic success and mental well-being. Yet many people struggle to act in ways that benefit their future selves, often prioritizing immediate rewards over long-term gains. A new study published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research explores how digital interventions can help bridge this gap by strengthening future self-identification.

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Annual global migration has nearly tripled since 2000, reshaping where and how people move

Global migration has risen sharply from approximately 13 million people per year in 2000 to around 35 million people per year in 2023. This is according to a new dataset on human migration published in Nature by researchers from the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), IIASA and the University of Hong Kong.

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Everyone wants to think they're open‑minded. Here's why most people aren't

Most people think they are open-minded and would like others to perceive them as such. But for the things that matter mostβ€”religious beliefs, for example, or the meaning of lifeβ€”few of us are genuinely willing to consider that we might be wrong, let alone do the hard work of revising beliefs. At a fundamental level, we humans are somewhat closed-minded.

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War on drugs or war on the poor? How bandit hunting formed a cover for Mexico's counterinsurgency campaign

If the drug trade has helped define the modern Mexican state, writes the author of a new article in The Social History of Alcohol and Drugs, so too have wars on drugs. In "From Bandit Hunting to a War Against 'Social Poisoners': Counterinsurgency as Drug War and Drug War as Counterinsurgency in 1960s–1970s Southern Mexico," author Alexander AviΓ±a argues that the strategies eventually employed against Mexican drug traders were first developed in the violent suppression of rural guerrilla movements.

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Quality of relationship between patient and therapist is key to preventing child sex offenders from doing it again

Since the 1980s, there has been extensive research on the effectiveness of treatment for perpetrators of sexual crimes against children. Studies have examined rehabilitation programs, the role of clinicians and the factors associated with recidivism. However, what remains unclear is how these factors interact to influence recidivism once treatment is over.

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How climate shapes the meanings of words across languages

When English speakers say "rose" and Chinese speakers say "ηŽ«η‘°," do they mean the same thing? A Peking University team led by Professor Bi Yanchao explored this question using word embeddings from 53 languages, behavioral ratings from speakers of eight languages and exploratory multilingual brain imaging data. Published in Nature Communications, the study shows that word meanings are organized along shared neurocognitive dimensions, while differences across languages are associated with climate.

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