Energy Environ. Sci., 2026, 19,3804-3822
DOI: 10.1039/D6EE01331G, Paper

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&nbsp This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence.

Rongrong Xu, Zhenzhong Zeng, Alan D. Ziegler, Lee E. Brown, Joseph Holden, Dominick V. Spracklen, Deliang Chen, Yuntian Chen, Tianyun Dong, Yaling Zeng, Peirong Lin, Yuan Yang, Ming Pan, Dongxiao Zhang
A global bottom-up assessment identifies 18.82 ± 2.66 PWh of viable pumped hydroelectric storage, showing that PHS remains cost-effective for discharge durations longer than four hours under future energy storage technology cost scenarios.
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