Apple has announced that the iPhone 18 Pro offers three times the cooling performance of last year’s model.
A new chip design puts the CPU closer to the “next generation” vapor chamber, for greatly improved cooling to support sustained high-performance use …
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After an ego-bruising stint with the New York Jets, it seems like seasoned quarterback and chief NFL conspiracy crank Aaron Rodgers is finally in good company with the Pittsburgh Steelers.
In a recent interview with the Athletic, the team’s veteran wide receiver DK Metcalf admitted that he’s a “big conspiracy theorist.”
“Shout out to my quarterback,” the two-time pro bowler said, referring to Rodgers, whose infamous conspiracy takes range from 9/11 skepticism to belief in a hollow Earth. That latter idea — known in conspiratorial Facebook groups as the “Inner Earth theory” — evidently has a supporter not only in Rodgers, but also in his receiver.
“I think there is another civilization inside of Earth,” Metcalf told the Athletic. “I think it’s another world.”
Following the basic outline of the Inner Earth theory, Metcalf outlined his concept of a civilization thriving deep beneath the crust, which can only be accessed via passageways in Antarctica.
“You can go to Alaska. You could go to the North Pole,” the wide receiver continued. “But why not Antarctica? Why can’t you just book a trip to Antarctica? Why is there a secret meeting — well, it’s not secret, but why is there a meeting between every world leader of every country in Antarctica, specifically?”
While it shouldn’t take an expert to tell you that this scenario is impossible, the Athletic asked one anyway. As Brent Christner, a rabid Steelers fan and associate professor of microbiology at the University of Florida told the publication, one can easily book a trip to Antarctica (in fact, Antarctic tourism is growing faster than environmental monitors can realistically keep up with, resulting in a notable rise in pollution on the white continent.)
As for any sort of UN-style meeting-of-the-minds at McMurdo Station, Christner says forget it.
“There are definitely some distinguished visitors that come down to Antarctica,” the researcher told the Athletic. “When they would come down, they would get the royal treatment and get thrown in helicopters and shown all the excellent sites. But there’s not like a G7 that occurs down there.”
More on conspiracy theories: Conspiracy Theorists Are Creating Special AIs to Agree With Their Bizarre Delusions
The post Top NFL Receiver Insists There’s “Another Civilization” Living Deep Under Antarctica appeared first on Futurism.
The story begins with a cartoon. In late 1987 a low-budget animated series called Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles began airing on American children’s television, and within eighteen months it had become the most successful children’s franchise of its decade. Sales of turtle-themed toys, lunchboxes, video games, and Halloween costumes went through the roof. And so did sales of actual pet turtles. American reptile farms, most of them clustered along the Mississippi River basin where the red-eared slider is native, ramped up production to meet the demand. Hatchlings the size of a fifty-cent piece were shipped by the tens of millions to pet stores across the United States and around the world.
What almost nobody selling the turtles bothered to mention was that a hatchling red-eared slider grows into an adult red-eared slider weighing up to three kilograms, requiring a hundred-gallon tank with filtration, and living for forty years or longer. Within a few years, unwanted adult sliders started turning up in ponds, rivers, and public parks in countries where the species had never existed before.
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Global Invasive Species Database entry on Trachemys scripta elegans, compiled by the IUCN Species Survival Commission’s Invasive Species Specialist Group and citing the original Telecky 2001 tally of the United States pet turtle export trade, more than 52 million red-eared sliders were exported from American turtle farms to overseas pet markets between 1989 and 1997. The primary destination was China, though large numbers also went to Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, South Korea, and Singapore, along with substantial shipments to France, Spain, Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa, and Brazil. The reason American farms could produce sliders at that scale was that the species is remarkably easy to breed in captivity. The reason they were so easy to ship was that a hatchling turtle weighs almost nothing and can be packed into ventilated boxes by the hundreds.
The European Union, watching this happen in real time, banned the import of Trachemys scripta elegans on 22 December 1997. That single regulatory decision effectively ended the American export trade to Europe overnight. By the time it came into effect, however, the damage across the European continent was already done. Feral populations had established themselves in France, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Slovenia, Greece, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Poland, Latvia, and the United Kingdom. Similar populations were showing up in the wetlands of every country the trade had reached. The turtles that had already been sold were still alive. Their owners were still tiring of them. The ponds behind their houses were still available.
If our animal kingdom fascinates you, you’ll enjoy this video we made on the recorded adventure of a young elephant bull, and what his route revealed:
The red-eared slider turns out to be an unusually well-equipped invader. It reaches sexual maturity in three to four years, which is faster than most native freshwater turtles it competes with. Females can lay up to six clutches per year of up to thirty eggs each, giving the species a reproductive rate roughly two or three times higher than the European pond turtle it is now displacing across much of the continent. Adults tolerate a wide range of water conditions, from clean rural rivers to heavily polluted urban canals. They are omnivorous and will eat almost anything a freshwater environment can offer. They are aggressive at basking sites and will physically displace smaller native turtles from the sunning logs they need for thermoregulation.
The competitive dynamic has been most extensively studied in France, where researchers from the University of Paris-Sud have been documenting the interaction between introduced sliders and the native European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) for the past two decades. What they have found is that in ponds where sliders are present, the native pond turtles are pushed to lower-quality basking sites, tend to survive at lower rates, and produce fewer offspring per breeding season. The European pond turtle is classified as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. Every additional slider in a European wetland adds to the pressure. Similar competitive displacement has been documented in Washington State against the Pacific pond turtle, in Australia against native short-necked turtles, and across Asia against a dozen freshwater species that had evolved in the absence of anything resembling a Mississippi-basin generalist.
According to The Nature Conservancy’s 2019 Cool Green Science article on American species invading other countries, written by staff science journalist Justine E. Hausheer, the geographic reach of the red-eared slider now covers essentially every continent where freshwater habitat and moderate temperatures exist. Established feral populations have been confirmed in the western United States, Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Great Britain, South Africa, the Caribbean, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and several Pacific island groups. Only Antarctica remains slider-free, and even that exemption is only because Antarctica has no freshwater ponds and does not get above freezing for most of the year. If it did, and it had ponds, the sliders would probably be there too.
The IUCN Species Survival Commission’s Invasive Species Specialist Group formally listed the red-eared slider on the Global Invasive Species Database’s roster of the hundred worst invasive species anywhere in the world. The species now ranks number 93 on that list. It sits alongside brown rats, feral cats, cane toads, and the emerald ash borer as a species whose global spread has caused measurable and lasting ecological harm. Australia’s Vertebrate Pests Committee has assigned it a threat category of EXTREME. Multiple European countries have banned its sale, its keeping as a pet, or both. Illegal shipments continue anyway. Buddhist mercy ceremonies in parts of East Asia continue to release captive-bred sliders into rivers as an act of religious devotion, unaware or unbothered that the specific animal being released is an invasive species that will outcompete the native turtles the ceremony was originally designed to protect.
What the whole episode represents is one of the more improbable ecological consequences of a late-1980s children’s television programme. The Ninja Turtles cartoon ran for ten years. American reptile farms produced tens of millions of live turtles to meet the resulting demand. The turtles grew larger than their owners expected. The owners released them into the nearest available water. And forty years later, a native North American reptile that once occupied the freshwater ponds of a few states along the Gulf Coast now occupies almost every freshwater pond on the planet warm enough to support it. The turtles never asked to be there. They just weren’t given much choice. And once they arrived, they turned out to be remarkably well-suited to staying.
The post Between 1989 and 1997 the United States shipped more than 50 million pet turtles abroad, and enough of the red-eared sliders were later dumped in ponds and rivers when they grew too big that the species now outcompetes native turtles on every continent but Antarctica, listed among the 100 worst invaders on Earth. appeared first on Space Daily.
Police have finally dropped a year-long investigation into three hero passengers who tackled a man exposing himself in front of children on a train – though only because the CPS has refused to take the case forward.
The post Police Drop Year-Long Case Against Heroes Who Tackled Tube Flasher appeared first on The Daily Sceptic.
It's not just time for any old Apple event, but one that's expected to usher in a new era for the company. This is the first iPhone keynote to be led by Apple's newly anointed CEO John Ternus, and all signs and rumors have been pointing to it being the one that also debuts a foldable iPhone. Ternus has already billed this as "a huge launch . . . that's going to be phenomenal." What bigger and flashier way to step into the limelight than with a new halo product of an iPhone?
We're also likely to hear about OS updates, Apple Watches, and possibly some AirPods. But this might be an unconventional event in more ways than one. It's also possible …
Kia has expanded its PV5 electric van lineup to 10 body styles, including a new 7-seater and more.
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An Anthropic AI safety researcher warned there is more than a 10% chance that increasingly capable AI could “kill all humans” within the next decade, highlighting growing concerns in the industry over the pace of development.
Evan Hubinger, manager of the AI Alignment Stress-Testing team at Anthropic, wrote on social media platform X: “I personally think it is >10% within the next decade.”. He explained the risk from existing AI models was “low” but warned he was concerned about “superintelligence” emerging through “recursive self-improvement”, which is the ability of an AI system to autonomously develop its own successor.
He added Anthropic was “trying its best” but did not yet have a plan to solve alignment for superintelligence and was “not clearly on track to”.
Gambling with lives
Hubinger’s comments came in response to the resignation of AI researcher Jacob Coxon from Anthropic. In a post on X, Coxon accused OpenAI and Anthropic of “racing straight to self-improving superintelligence and gambling with our lives”.
“Neither company is acting responsibly,” he said.
Coxon argued future AI models could become capable of hacking systems, rapidly transforming industries and acquiring “real power and resources”. He called for greater coordination between AI developers, including a temporary halt to improving model capabilities.
“At OpenAI, many have not deeply internalised the civilisational stakes,” he warned. Meanwhile at Anthropic, he said “the stakes are well-understood” but “they believe no one else will act responsibly, so they must do it themselves, despite the risk”.
AI giants are facing increasing scrutiny over the behaviour of autonomous systems. In recent months, OpenAI, Anthropic and Meta have all disclosed unprecedented incidents involving AI tools carrying out cyberattacks.
Indeed, Anthropic’s August risk report assessed that while the threat posed by current models was low, the company was “less confident in this assessment than we were in prior risk reports”. It said advanced models could eventually automate R&D, rapidly accelerate progress in technical fields, and “lead to catastrophic harm”.
“We are seeing early signs of potential acceleration,” the US AI player stated.
The post Anthropic researcher issues grave AI warning appeared first on Mobile World Live.
A Honor revelou novos detalhes do Magic 9 Pro Max, novo celular Android que chama atenção pelo conjunto avançado de câmeras. O aparelho também adota um visual parecido com o do iPhone 17 Pro Max, especialmente na parte traseira.
O dispositivo da fabricante chinesa se aproxima do celular da Apple principalmente por apresentar um grande módulo horizontal na parte superior, acompanhado por uma área retangular logo abaixo das câmeras.
A disposição das lentes, porém, é diferente daquela encontrada no iPhone 17 Pro Max, com um grande módulo circular à esquerda e outras duas câmeras menores à direita. Nas imagens divulgadas pela fabricante, o Magic 9 Pro Max aparece inicialmente na cor verde e ainda exibe a marca da ARRI no conjunto fotográfico.
Falar do novo aparelho da Honor passa inevitavelmente pelo seu conjunto fotográfico. A câmera principal do Magic 9 Pro Max tem 200 MP, sensor de 1/1,28 polegada e lente com abertura f/1,57.
Já a câmera teleobjetiva também conta com resolução de 200 MP, mas usará um sensor de 1/1,4 polegada e abertura f/2,6.
A Honor também vai permitir ampliar as possibilidades fotográficas do celular com o chamado Photography Master Kit. O pacote inclui um grande teleconversor de 500 mm, além de uma opção de 200 mm que mede 81 mm de comprimento e pesa 88 gramas.
A parceria com a ARRI também deve beneficiar as gravações de vídeo. Informações divulgadas antes do lançamento apontam que a linha terá suporte a recursos voltados a ampliar o controle sobre cores e facilitar resultados de registros com aparência mais cinematográfica.
Outra especificação que ganhou destaque entre os vazamentos é a bateria de 8.800 mAh, capacidade bastante acima do que costuma ser encontrado em celulares topo de linha.
A Honor ainda não revelou todos os detalhes do aparelho, como preço e disponibilidade internacional. A apresentação completa da linha Magic 9 acontecerá na China em 28 de setembro.
Enquanto o lançamento oficial do novo Honor não chega, que tal conferir qual celular tem a melhor câmera de 2026?
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A Honor revelou novos detalhes do Magic 9 Pro Max, novo celular Android que chama atenção pelo conjunto avançado de câmeras. O aparelho também adota um visual parecido com o do iPhone 17 Pro Max, especialmente na parte traseira.
O dispositivo da fabricante chinesa se aproxima do celular da Apple principalmente por apresentar um grande módulo horizontal na parte superior, acompanhado por uma área retangular logo abaixo das câmeras.
A disposição das lentes, porém, é diferente daquela encontrada no iPhone 17 Pro Max, com um grande módulo circular à esquerda e outras duas câmeras menores à direita. Nas imagens divulgadas pela fabricante, o Magic 9 Pro Max aparece inicialmente na cor verde e ainda exibe a marca da ARRI no conjunto fotográfico.
Falar do novo aparelho da Honor passa inevitavelmente pelo seu conjunto fotográfico. A câmera principal do Magic 9 Pro Max tem 200 MP, sensor de 1/1,28 polegada e lente com abertura f/1,57.
Já a câmera teleobjetiva também conta com resolução de 200 MP, mas usará um sensor de 1/1,4 polegada e abertura f/2,6.
A Honor também vai permitir ampliar as possibilidades fotográficas do celular com o chamado Photography Master Kit. O pacote inclui um grande teleconversor de 500 mm, além de uma opção de 200 mm que mede 81 mm de comprimento e pesa 88 gramas.
A parceria com a ARRI também deve beneficiar as gravações de vídeo. Informações divulgadas antes do lançamento apontam que a linha terá suporte a recursos voltados a ampliar o controle sobre cores e facilitar resultados de registros com aparência mais cinematográfica.
Outra especificação que ganhou destaque entre os vazamentos é a bateria de 8.800 mAh, capacidade bastante acima do que costuma ser encontrado em celulares topo de linha.
A Honor ainda não revelou todos os detalhes do aparelho, como preço e disponibilidade internacional. A apresentação completa da linha Magic 9 acontecerá na China em 28 de setembro.
Enquanto o lançamento oficial do novo Honor não chega, que tal conferir qual celular tem a melhor câmera de 2026?
{{WHATSAPP_CHANNEL}}
Content warning: this story contains descriptions of disturbing AI-generated videos that depict violent child abuse.
As Meta has embraced AI at a deep corporate level over the past few years, its users’ feeds on Facebook and Instagram have been overrun with AI-generated material.
Much of this AI content is insipid or manipulative, clearly produced at scale to take advantage of Meta’s indifference to the slop by harvesting as many human eyeballs as possible in various monetization schemes.
Some of the AI material has now grown so dark that it defies easy comprehension. A Futurism investigation has uncovered a huge number of Facebook accounts uploading streams of videos depicting violent child abuse — and Meta is barely pretending to care about taking them down.
Facebook accounts dedicated to the horrific content have uploaded videos of babies and young children being slapped, kicked, bludgeoned with heavy objects, dragged by their hair, burned with stoves and irons, chained up and locked in cages and freezers, thrown down stairs, threatened with knives and guns, starved, made to eat dog food and garbage off the floor, and much more.
In one video, a woman screams at a little girl to stop crying.
“Please don’t hit Noah, hit me instead,” the girl sobs, with cuts and bruises on her cheek and forehead, as another child cowers.
In another, a visibly dirty boy begs for food.
“Please ma’am, just a few dollars for food,” he implores a woman, prompting her to slap him in the face twice. He falls to the floor, bleeding from his nose.
In another, a man drips wax from a burning candle onto the hands of a boy who has been tied up.
“It hurts!” the boy cries, flinching in pain.
Some of the cruelties in the videos are astonishing in their specificity, seemingly generated at scale using repeated prompts. Some involve withholding an inhaler from a child who needs it, while others show allergic children forced to eat shellfish. Others show adults pouring snakes and cockroaches on weeping kids. One video shows a woman throwing a baby into a fire pit. Many more involve young Black children being whipped or beaten by white adults as they perform manual labor in what looks like a colonial African setting.
The videos aren’t quite photorealistic, but they are clearly being generated with cutting-edge technology, and the effect is distressing. Many commenters on the videos, which often attract thousands or even tens of thousands of reactions on Facebook, seem unaware that they’re synthetic, with many reacting in horror — or begging for a follow-up video that continues the disturbing narrative.
“You psycho, why are you abusing the child,” wrote one user on a video of a woman slapping a boy in the face with a belt, leaving a bloody mark around his eye. “You deserve a punishment and a big one.”
At first, we thought that we could map out the full network of accounts sharing the child abuse content. But after days of reviewing accounts and videos, we kept finding hundreds more. In effect, the supply seems to be endless, with the creators of the material uploading it as fast as we could identify it.
Meta’s policy about violence against children is phrased ambiguously, saying that it bans “videos or photos that depict real or non-real non-sexual child abuse regardless of sharing intent, unless the imagery is from real-world art, cartoons, movies or video games.” The policy doesn’t clarify whether those carve-outs include AI-generated content.
Contacted with questions and examples of the sickening videos, Meta offered a brief statement.
“We have strict rules against content that depicts physical harm to children — whether it’s real or AI-generated — and we have removed these videos,” it read.
Meta has long struggled to control the proliferation of troubling content on its platforms. Just this week, Wired reported that the company has accepted money from advertisers to run hundreds of promos for “nudify” apps that contained AI-generated sexual imagery of children, including numerous real-life minors whose photos were pilfered from social media and stock images.
Provided with numerous examples of the violent child abuse content and asked whether Meta would work to proactively take the material down, the company’s spokesperson declined to comment on the record, opting only to share a Meta page about the company’s efforts to automatically remove child abuse content. The data on the page is hard to parse and doesn’t specify how many videos of violent child abuse the company removes, never mind whether they’re AI-generated.
One defense the Meta spokesperson offered is that many of the videos first show violence against children before an adult steps in to protect the child. This is trivially true in many examples, but it feels more like a proactive defense by the creators of the content against attempts at moderation, or perhaps a strategy to evade guardrails on an AI video generator. And in reality, the mass-produced videos sometimes devolve into orgies of brutality in which the violence against children gives way to various adults punching and slapping each other in ways that don’t make sense.
The company removed the majority of the videos we flagged to its press team, but left others online. The videos it opted not to remove included one depicting a young girl shut in a chest freezer, another showing a boy discarded in a trash can where he is seen gnawing on bones, and another of a girl in a classroom environment being forced to eat garbage.
Curious about how Meta polices such vile content in practice, we conducted a test by reporting eight accounts that had been sharing AI-generated child abuse videos.
Out of the eight accounts we reported, Meta eventually removed only two — and in one of those cases, it initially rejected the report before overriding the decision and taking it down. The timelines for action were lengthy, exceeding a week.
“We’ve taken a look and found that the page doesn’t go against our Community Standards,” the company wrote.
The six accounts that the company’s moderators left up had shared many heinous videos, including a toddler being struck in the face with a frying pan, a girl being beaten with a baseball bat, and a baby being kicked. (After a thoughtful internal discussion, we are opting not to share any of the videos at this time; if you are a member of the media considering follow-up coverage, please feel free to email us and we can provide examples to corroborate our reporting.)
If Meta were serious about proactively taking down the child abuse content, or detecting it at the time of upload, it would almost certainly be able to do so.
In fact, AI systems could probably be helpful: the company has invested hundreds of billions of dollars toward building “superintelligence” — reportedly making offers to top talent in the industry that have exceeded a billion dollars for a single hire — with Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg saying last year that “whoever gets there first is going to have a long-term, durable advantage towards building one of the most important products in history.”
The tech to moderate these types of videos automatically already exists. In rudimentary testing, we found that Anthropic’s Claude AI was adept at evaluating whether videos contain imagery of violence against children.
For that matter, Meta appears to have already deployed systems that can identify the stomach-turning videos, even if it’s declining to use them to moderate content on its platforms. We identified the vast majority of the horrid accounts simply by loading one of them, and then scrolling Facebook’s recommendation feature, which eagerly provided a bottomless feed of similar appalling material.
In other words, Meta has extraordinary resources at its disposal to remove the child abuse videos, or to prevent them from being uploaded in the first place. But even when the material is flagged to it directly by journalists or reported by concerned users, it’s dragging its feet and refusing to delete it — a familiar pattern for a company that has long claimed to care about abuses of its platforms while doing little to stop them.
When we presented that line of thinking to Meta, the final abhorrent videos we’d flagged to the company’s press team finally disappeared from Facebook — though untold thousands remain on its platforms.
The company also provided a brief final statement.
“Not all the links you sent violate our policies,” it read. “Can you please avoid suggesting in your reporting that they do?”
Are you aware of anything about Meta’s moderation strategies that we know about? Reach out to tips@futurism.com. We can keep you anonymous.
More on Meta: Teen Boys Are Using Meta Glasses to Harass and Bully Girls at High Schools and Middle Schools
The post Facebook Is Hosting Huge Numbers of Horrifying AI-Generated Videos of Violent Child Abuse, and Meta Is Barely Even Pretending to Care About Taking Them Down appeared first on Futurism.
The Metropolitan Transportation Authority, which runs the New York City subway system, had a problem in the late 1990s. It was in the middle of a major fleet modernisation programme that was going to retire roughly two and a half thousand ageing subway cars over the following decade. These were mostly the red-painted R-33 and R-36 cars that generations of New Yorkers had ridden through the 1970s, 80s and 90s, followed by the older stainless steel Brightliners that would come off the tracks later. Each retired car was worth essentially nothing as scrap. Each also cost the MTA roughly twelve thousand dollars to dispose of through conventional demolition. Which meant the total disposal bill for the fleet retirement, at prevailing rates, was going to run to something north of thirty million dollars. And the MTA, being a public transit authority in a permanent state of budget crisis, was not enthusiastic about that particular expense.
The solution the agency arrived at, in partnership with a handful of coastal state governments and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, was one of the more counterintuitive recycling programmes of the early twenty-first century. Instead of paying to demolish the cars, the MTA would clean them, ship them south by rail and barge, and drop them into the ocean off the eastern seaboard. There they would form artificial reefs. The states would get new marine habitat for essentially free. The MTA would save the disposal costs. And the fish would, in theory, work out what to do with the rest.
According to the New York Transit Museum’s own summary of the MTA Artificial Reefing Program, produced in collaboration with the programme’s former director Michael Zacchea and Robert Martore of the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, the operation ran from August 2001 through to April 2010 and deployed more than 2,500 deaccessioned train cars to underwater sites off the coasts of New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, South Carolina, and Georgia. The first phase concentrated on the Redbird fleet, which was already being pulled off the tracks in 2001, and which had a particularly recognisable red livery that made the sunken cars a photographable subject long after they had gone down. The Delaware Bay took approximately six hundred and nineteen Redbird cars alone, at a site now known as the Redbird Reef, located sixteen and a half nautical miles off Indian River Inlet at a depth of around eighty feet. Subsequent phases involved the stainless steel Brightliner fleet, which was deployed at reef sites further down the coast through the second half of the decade.
The engineering of the actual reef deployment was not trivial. Each car had to be stripped down first. According to the New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife’s own news bulletin on the deployment of 44 stainless steel subway cars at the Atlantic City Reef site in April 2008, every car went through a full preparation process before it went into the water. Windows were removed. Wiring was pulled out. Plastic components, degradable materials, hydraulic fluids, oils, and grease were all stripped or drained. The remaining shell was inspected to make sure that when the car eventually corroded, nothing toxic would leach into the surrounding marine environment. Only after that inspection was the cleaned steel body loaded onto a barge and towed offshore.
The actual sinking process was almost comically straightforward. The cars, weighing around eighteen tonnes each in their prepared state, were rolled off the deck of the barge by a hydraulic tipping mechanism and simply dropped through the water column to the seabed below. The MTA covered all of the cleaning, transport, and deployment costs. Individual cars in the New Jersey deployment measured roughly sixty feet long, ten feet wide, and eleven feet tall. Deployed in tight clusters at pre-selected coordinates, they formed roughly the same kind of hard-structure habitat that a natural rocky reef would offer, but at a scale and geometry that had never previously existed on the sandy Atlantic continental shelf.
What happened next surprised the marine biologists monitoring the sites, though it probably shouldn’t have. The subway car reefs, unlike almost any natural feature of the mid-Atlantic seabed, offered vertical structure. They offered cavities and shelter. They offered hard surfaces for sessile organisms to colonise. And they were essentially unlimited in supply. Marine invertebrates began settling on the exposed steel within weeks. Barnacles arrived. Blue mussels followed. Sponges and soft corals began to establish themselves on the vertical surfaces. Within a year or two, the once-bare metal shells of the retired subway cars had become the physical scaffolding of thriving benthic communities that had not existed anywhere on that stretch of ocean floor beforehand.
The fish arrived in response. Delaware’s Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control has since documented that the invertebrate communities colonising the artificial reef structures provide up to four hundred times more food per square foot than the bare sandy ocean floor they replaced. Species that had been effectively absent from the region because of the lack of suitable habitat began to appear regularly at the sites. Sea bass, tautog, tuna, mackerel, flounder, scup, and triggerfish were all documented in significant numbers within a few years of the deployments. Recreational fishing operators in the coastal towns of Delaware, New Jersey, and Virginia found their nearshore catches rising. Dive operators found themselves with a genuinely unusual attraction to offer. The sunken subway cars, which had cost the MTA nothing to dispose of and had cost the states essentially nothing to acquire, became one of the more productive artificial reef complexes anywhere on the North American Atlantic coast.
The programme was not without complications. Inspection reports from New Jersey in 2009 found that some of the newer stainless steel subway cars were showing significant structural damage after only a few years underwater, which prompted the state to pause further stainless steel deployments while investigations continued. Not every car remained intact. Not every deployment site delivered the ecological returns the biologists had hoped for. And the specific question of whether artificial reefs simply concentrate existing fish populations rather than creating new ones is still debated within the marine biology community. But the general pattern held across the majority of the deployment sites through the 2010s and 2020s. The bare sand became structured habitat. The structured habitat became invertebrate communities. The invertebrate communities became feeding grounds. And the feeding grounds became fisheries.
By the time the programme officially ended on Earth Day 2010, 2,580 New York subway cars had been placed on ocean reef sites along the eastern seaboard of the United States. The MTA had saved something close to thirty million dollars in disposal costs. Delaware alone had received nearly a thousand of them. The Redbird Reef off Slaughter Beach now covers roughly 1.3 square miles of what used to be featureless sand and is one of the most biologically productive stretches of continental shelf in the entire mid-Atlantic region. Which is a strange kind of legacy for a fleet of subway trains that once carried millions of people through the tunnels underneath Manhattan and Queens. The trains never made it to the recycling yard. They made it to the ocean floor instead. And the fish have been living in them ever since.
The post More than 2,500 retired New York subway cars were dropped into the Atlantic between 2001 and 2010, not as illegal dumping but as a planned reef programme, and marine biologists who kept watch found the sunken trains quickly turned into some of the richest artificial habitats along the eastern seaboard. appeared first on Space Daily.
In July, the Trump administration relegated endangered leatherback turtles, sea lions, and whales to mere collateral damage in its race to profit from the oceans. Now, fisheries science is in the government’s crosshairs.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) announced new agency priorities last week that they say are a commitment to “cutting bureaucracy, modernizing our science, and putting our fishing communities first.” But experts say the agency’s actions will erode fish stocks, threaten endangered species, and surrender marine habitats to destructive trawlers.
The agency-level reforms serve as a self-proclaimed “operational roadmap” to fulfilling President Donald Trump’s “Restoring American Seafood Competitiveness” executive order, signed in April 2025.
© Reinhard Dirscherl
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