Chipmakers and operating system developers have spent years building defenses. A new study from MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) shows that a key assumption behind many of them doesn't hold.

In recent years, computer scientists have developed a wide range of artificial intelligence (AI) models that can rapidly recognize patterns in data, generate content and solve other computational problems. Many of these AI systems are based on deep neural networks (DNNs), brain-inspired computational models that can make predictions based on specific data, or LLMs, models that can process human language, answer queries and generate text.