Toby Schmitz was the youngest attendee at Macstock X, so his perspective on how the conference and the accompanying Ecamm Creator Camp gave him the confidence and practical guidance to begin his own YouTube channel, podcast, and livestream. He reflects on learning from a wide variety of sessions, the influence of his family of creators, […]

💾

The panel is back from Macstock and share highlights and lessons from the conference, including creative experimentation, podcast strategy, video production, accessibility, health, digital legacy planning, and useful Mac tools. Chuck Joiner, David Ginsburg, Marty Jencius, Eric Bolden, Brian Flanigan-Arthurs, Jim Rea, Web Bixby, Jeff Gamet, and Mark Fuccio reflect on the friendships and international […]

💾

If you’re heading to Macstock Conference later this week, make sure you have everything you need to get the most out of this unique annual event. From the things you should do before you leave to the things that you need to have with you, the MacVoices’ Macstock Checklist will make sure you are ready for the year’s best Mac event. (Haven’t decided yet? On-site registration will be available!) 

💾

This Road to Macstock features a discussion with Brian Hensen about his evolving role as the event's master of ceremonies. From speaker wrangler to stage host. Brian previews how this year’s Macstock will let him spotlight the people who inspire him, comments on the event’s welcoming Apple community, and reflects on the value of shared learning, speaker preparation, podcasting, and personal connections that are at the core of the Macstock experience.

💾

The Road to Macstock stops to talk to Paula Marie Davis, who previews her first Macstock appearance and the path that led her from longtime Mac user and wellness coach to launching Ditch the Dogma with Ecamm. She explains why creators need to care for the person running the tech stack, how conference inspiration can become post-event exhaustion, and how movement, time mapping, and small wellness practices can support energy, creativity, and follow-through. 

💾

This time, the Road to Macstock takes us to Katie Fawkes, Director of Marketing and Doc Rock, Director of Strategic Partnerships for Ecamm, who talk about both their Creator Camp the day before Macstock, as well as their session during Macstock. They discuss how the hands-on event will help users of all experience levels build confidence with video production. They also cover Ecamm’s broader role beyond live streaming, practical uses for creators and businesses, the value of experimenting with gear, and why Macstock's welcoming community makes it a special gathering.

💾

The economist John Maynard Keynes once remarked, “In the long run we are all dead.” From an astronomical standpoint, this is true for the Earth itself. In roughly 5 billion years, the Sun will exhaust the hydrogen at its core and enter the next phase of its life as a Red Giant, where it will swell up large enough to engulf and destroy the Earth.

Currently, the Sun is still in its main-sequence phase, where it fuses hydrogen into helium in its core. Although it remains relatively stable during this phase, it will gradually grow brighter with time. As the Sun shines brighter, the increased heat and radiation will raise Earth’s surface temperature, potentially pushing it past the threshold for life to survive. 

One of Earth’s geological processes that helps regulate its surface temperature is the carbon cycle. Over millions of years, carbon moves from the Earth’s interior into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide or CO₂, where it functions as a greenhouse gas that traps heat. Plants take in this CO₂ through photosynthesis and move carbon through the biosphere. 

Meanwhile, rain and rock weathering draw carbon into the oceans and rocks. By pulling CO₂ out of the atmosphere, the carbon cycle could mitigate Earth’s warming as the Sun brightens over time. Today, human activities are increasing atmospheric CO₂ and warming the planet. However, over billions of years, the carbon cycle could gradually remove enough CO₂ from the atmosphere that eventually too little would remain to support photosynthesis. 

With these challenges to life on Earth in mind, the researchers Jacob Haqq‐Misra and Eric Wolf investigated how long Earth’s biosphere could last in the distant future. The team used computer models to calculate the balance of energy that Earth would receive and emit over time, accounting for the effects of increasing sunlight and changing atmospheric CO₂ concentrations. They followed this up with calculations using the ExoCAM model to determine the temperature and atmospheric conditions of future Earth across different latitudes. They related these conditions to a habitability metric to determine their impact on the biosphere.

To estimate the biosphere’s maximum possible lifespan, the team conducted 29 simulations representing the planet’s conditions over the next 2 billion years. In one set of simulations, the Earth’s carbon cycle contributed little to regulating surface temperature, with the atmosphere’s CO₂ concentration fixed at approximately modern levels of 400 parts per million (ppm) and surface temperatures continuing to increase. In another, the carbon cycle worked to keep Earth’s average surface temperature fixed at the modern average of approximately 59℉ (15℃), no matter how much it had to reduce CO₂ in the atmosphere. 

In the scenario with a fixed CO₂ concentration, the team found that in 1.7 billion years, Earth’s surface reached an average of 122°F (50°C), which is too hot for most land plants. After 1.9 billion years, it reached 149°F (65°), becoming too hot for all land plants to survive as temperatures continued to rise. 

They also found that in the fixed average surface temperature scenario, atmospheric CO₂ dropped below the 150 ppm level that most plants require for photosynthesis within 500 million years. After 1.4 billion years, CO₂ levels fell below 10 ppm, leaving only a few land photosynthesizers and aquatic plants alive. After about 1.8 billion years, atmospheric CO₂ dropped to 1 ppm, leaving only microbes capable of photosynthesis.

The researchers’ findings generally extend the estimated lifetime of Earth’s future biosphere compared with earlier, simpler models that suggested maximum lifespans of 100 million to 1.5 billion years. However, they clarified that other scientists should verify their results by running tests with other models, especially under extreme conditions of high incoming solar radiation and low atmospheric CO₂. 

Lastly, Haqq‐Misra and Wolf noted that their model did not account for major evolutionary changes that could help life adapt to future conditions. Over time, plants could evolve to tolerate higher temperatures or lower atmospheric CO₂ levels. Future humans or another intelligent species might also engage in large-scale geoengineering projects to prevent the end of life on Earth. If life on Earth proves adaptable enough, the biosphere may endure until a Red Giant fills the daytime sky.

The post The long-term fate of Earth’s biosphere appeared first on Sciworthy.

Globally, about 1 billion people live near glaciers and depend on glacial water. As temperatures continue to climb due to global warming, glaciers can become unstable and hazardous to nearby communities. These communities risk exposure to a series of linked processes, like ice collapse, flooding, and landslides, which could have life-threatening consequences. Scientists call these events catastrophic glacier hazard chains, or CGHC. So, a team of scientists in China sought to understand the driving forces behind these dangerous phenomena. 

The team focused on a CGHC event that occurred in 2018 at the Sedongpu Glacier, located in the Eastern Himalayas. During this event, the glacier obstructed the flow of 30 million square meters (more than 300 million square feet) of the Yarlung Tsanpo River, one of the main rivers within the region. 

To reconstruct the event, the team observed satellite images of the Sedongpu glacier over time, using a process called remote sensing. They used the images to calculate ice volumes, glacier velocities, and glacier movement between 1961 and 2018, to determine the glacier’s long-term physical properties and how they changed over time. They found that from 1968 to 2013, the Sedongpu Glacier shrank, or retreated, by over 6 football fields. It also lost ice and water volume and increased its velocity.

The scientists also measured earthquake waves on the Earth’s surface, or seismicity, to characterize any downslope rock or debris movements caused by the glacial retreat. They measured seismicity across 11 different seismic stations within 580 kilometers (about 350 miles) of the glacier. Then, they used this data to identify 2 distinct phases of the CGHC event on Sedongpu Glacier: the ice-rock avalanche and the debris flow.

When the ice-rock avalanche occurred, the team detected noticeable increases in seismicity, suggesting it lasted over 30 seconds. During those 30 seconds, over 8 million cubic meters (more than 280 million cubic feet) of ice fell onto the main glacier. The team recorded even more increases in seismicity during the debris flow, which lasted nearly 5 minutes. The debris from the avalanche hit the main valley glacier at nearly 300 kilometers (200 miles) per hour.

The researchers combined these data to describe how the 2018 CGHC event unfolded. First, the backward movement and shrinkage of the glacier produced an unstable sheet of ice hanging over a cliff face. The steep slope and large cracks in the ice caused an ice-rock avalanche. Debris from the avalanche then accumulated on the main glacier, causing it to move faster. As the main valley glacier moved downslope, it picked up even more debris from the bottom and sides of the glacial valley. The melting ice also increased the glacier’s velocity, and its movement eventually transitioned into a debris flow, which obstructed the Yarlung Tsangpo River. 

In total, the CGHC event in the Sedongpu Glacier travelled over 10 kilometers (6 miles) and moved down in elevation for over 3 kilometers (about 2 miles) at a velocity of about 100 kilometers (about 70 miles) per hour. The glacier accumulated enough debris and ice to fill thousands of Olympic-sized swimming pools. Imagine what this could do to a nearby village!

It’s difficult for scientists to estimate when CGHC events will occur, but this team proposed several factors that could help predict them. These factors included the size of the ice-rock avalanche and the glacier velocity, as well as the occurrence of earthquakes, temperature changes, and the melting of the glacier’s underside. They stated that these factors can combine to create a domino effect that drives the CGHC process. They recommended consistent glacial monitoring as temperatures continue to climb, in the Himalayas and globally. 

The team concluded that understanding CGHC events can help scientists mitigate glacial hazards and keep people safe, especially in mountainous areas such as the Eastern Himalayas. They stated that their findings illustrate the dangerous processes behind glacial melting, but further research is needed to accurately assess those processes and ensure nearby communities remain safe.

The post Can melting ice increase glacial hazards? appeared first on Sciworthy.

In the Bolivian Altiplano, fewer Aymara farmers are relying on local weather knowledge to schedule farming tasks, like choosing the best dates to plant crops and predicting a frost or drought. At the same time, there is growing doubt about whether these traditional indicators remain relevant today in the context of rapid social, economic, and climatic changes. 

Farmers are struggling because the National Weather Service of Bolivia (SEHNAMI) fails to provide useful weather forecasts due to the geographical complexity of the Andes and a scarcity of weather stations. In addition, many farmers can’t access this information because SEHNAMI lacks local outreach programs to deliver reports directly to them. In a region with a weak technical forecasting system, local knowledge is a vital resource, but its use is declining.

Scientists in the past focused on preserving local weather knowledge or discussing how it might help communities adapt to climate change. However, very few researchers have scientifically validated local weather indicators, since doing so requires many years of historical meteorological data to establish statistical “skill” in local forecasting. 

Faced with this gap, researchers in the US and Bolivia recently set out to validate indigenous indicators in 2 Bolivian municipalities: Umala in the Central Altiplano and Ancoraimes in the Northern Altiplano. To do this, they paired each traditional weather sign with a measurable variable, like temperature, that could approximate it. This approach allowed them to directly compare traditional observations with scientific data.

The researchers wanted to determine whether traditional weather knowledge is still accurate and relevant under current conditions, since validating these methods would strengthen local knowledge and benefit the schools and policies that promote it. To test this, the researchers worked with 6 Aymara communities. First, they conducted workshops with local leaders and experts to compile a set of weather-forecast indicators. Then, they surveyed 95 farmers to rank the reliability of these indicators. 

Through discussions with these communities, the team identified 13 weather indicators in the Central region and 20 in the Northern region. These indicators included specific plants, animals, and physical factors like constellations or winds that the farmers used to decide when and where to plant crops, and to predict weather conditions for the next season. The researchers focused on 2 key indicators that the farmers ranked as most reliable: the presence or absence of moisture under rocks on the Fiesta de San Juan on June 24th, and the flowering patterns of specific plants, called Thola and Sank’ayu. The farmers used the San Juan indicator to predict whether the upcoming year would be rainy or dry, and the plants to determine the most favorable dates for planting to avoid agricultural risks like frosts.

Finally, the researchers compared forecasts based on these 2 signs with over 30 years of meteorological data from nearby weather stations. In both cases, they used the minimum daily temperature as the measurable way to represent these local signs scientifically. Their results showed that the minimum daily temperature on the Fiesta de San Juan could explain more than half (55.5%) of the changes in rainfall during the growing season. They also confirmed that severe frosts that “burned” Thola and Sank’ayuthe flowers were followed by periods without rain, validating the farmers’ strategy of delayed planting.

The researchers concluded that local weather indicators used by Aymara farmers are most reliable for seasonal planning, especially in predicting the start of the rainy season. They stated that this result helps legitimize traditional knowledge and empower the community. For example, these communities now hold regular meetings to discuss forecasts and share this information with their neighbors via WhatsApp groups. 

However, the team acknowledged that local knowledge was limited to short-term forecasting, as it only provided warnings a few hours in advance. Farmers need alerts several days in advance to effectively reduce their vulnerability to events such as frosts or hail. For this reason, the researchers suggested that the next step will be to co-produce forecasts by combining meteorological science with traditional knowledge.

The post Testing local weather knowledge in the Bolivian Altiplano appeared first on Sciworthy.

A Qualcomm já confirmou que todos os seus produtos, incluindo o futuro Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 6 Pro, vão ficar mais caros a partir do próximo mês. A subida abre uma janela de oportunidade à MediaTek, que, segundo rumores da cadeia de fornecimento, poderá vender o Dimensity 9600 Pro por bem menos dinheiro aos fabricantes de smartphones.

The post Qualcomm vai subir os preços a partir de setembro. Será esta a oportunidade da MediaTek? appeared first on Tek Notícias.

The spots on a leopard, the stripes on a zebra, and the mask on a raccoon are all types of coloration in mammal fur, referred to as pelage. Scientists have struggled for a long time to understand how these colorations evolved. A team of researchers recently discovered how to reconstruct the colors of ancient mammal fur using cell structures that contain the chemical pigment melanin, known as melanosomes. They hope to use this understanding of ancient mammal pelage to determine how they lived and what their environments were like.

To decipher the color of ancient mammal fur, the researchers constructed a statistical computer model to predict their fur colors based on the shape of their melanosomes. First, they needed to understand how the shapes of melanosomes control fur color in modern mammals. To measure the length and width of the modern melanosomes, the scientists used a beam of electrons like a flashlight to map them in great detail, a technique called scanning electron microscopy.

They measured the length and width of 2,615 melanosomes from the fur of 116 different living mammal species, including a Red Panda, a German Shepard, and one or more species of most types in the mammalian classification. Then they recorded the wavelengths of light reflected off each melanosome using a microspectrophotometer. These wavelengths represented the exact color of hair from each melanosome they measured. This means they now had a quantitative measurement of the color of each hair to compare with its corresponding melanosome length and width.

When they examined their data, the researchers found that spherical melanosomes produced brighter fur colors, like reds and oranges, while elongated melanosomes produced darker fur colors, like browns and grays. The researchers plotted the microspectrophotometric measurements for each melanosome as a graph showing how much light it absorbed across each possible wavelength, creating reflectance curves. Based on these data, the researchers used computer software to create a statistical model that could predict reflectance curves, and therefore color, from melanosome shape alone.

Once the researchers created a model, they needed to find fossilized mammal melanosomes to predict their fur color. Mammal fossils are rare, and pieces of cells are only preserved in the most immaculate fossil deposits. In fact, these researchers only found 6 fossils of this caliber, from Mesozoic rocks deposited around 250 million years ago, soon after mammals evolved. 

The fossils came from 2 world-renowned deposits in Northeastern China, the Yanliao and Jehol biotas. They selected 5 previously studied fossils from these locations, including 1 specimen of Megaconus mammaliaformis, 1 specimen of Vilevolodon diplomylos, 2 specimens from the group Docodonta, and 1 specimen from the group Eutheria. All of these animals were small, rodent-like mammals. The researchers also discovered a new species of tree-dwelling mammal, Arboroharamiya fuscus.

The scientists used scanning electron microscopy to measure a total of 2,159 fossilized melanosomes to refine their color predictions. The fossilized melanosomes were all slightly elongated spheres and had far fewer differences in shape than in modern mammals. The researchers used their model to predict reflectance curves based on the shapes of the fossil melanosomes to determine the ancient mammals’ colors. They found that all the extinct mammals they examined likely had dark brown fur without any color patterns.

Based on these findings, the researchers suggested that most, if not all, early mammals were nocturnal, like many dark-colored mammals today. They suggested that this nocturnal lifestyle probably helped them survive the meteorite impact that wiped out the dinosaurs 100 million years later. While dinosaurs were unable to survive in the post-impact wasteland, these smaller, dark-colored mammals were more resilient and thrived in the aftermath. As mammals filled the ecological roles left by the dinosaurs, they evolved new color patterns, some based solely on camouflage, and others on new factors, like sexual selection and visual communication.

The researchers concluded that their model can predict fossilized mammal colors and help determine how these ancient animals lived. Notably, their data suggest that mammals likely stayed small and nocturnal throughout the Mesozoic until the dinosaurs were gone. Future researchers could use similar methods to uncover exactly how mammals evolved the colors we see today. For example, studying mammals closer to the impact event could reveal if it took a long time to develop diverse fur patterns, or if they began before the dinosaurs’ demise. Ultimately, similar studies could help determine whether the extinction of dinosaurs was necessary for the rise of mammals.

The post What colors were prehistoric mammals? appeared first on Sciworthy.

Qualcomm reported fiscal Q3 results which beat Wall Street’s revenue expectations but missed on profit, as the chipmaker continued to grapple with the impact of a memory supply crunch weighing on the smartphone sector.

The company posted revenue of $9.9 billion for the quarter ended 28 June, down 4 per cent from $10.4 billion a year earlier but ahead of the roughly $9.7 billion analysts had expected. Net income during the period was $2 billion, down 25% year-on-year.

Handset chip sales fell 20% to $5.1 billion, which Qualcomm CEO Cristiano Amon (pictured) stated reflected a bottoming out in the China market after OEMs pulled back on orders amid memory supply uncertainty.

“We actually don’t expect fundamental changes in the premium tier and the higher tier volume,” Amon said on the company’s investor call.

Going forward, the executive expects Apple-related revenue to decline sharply and faster than previously anticipated, after Qualcomm’s share of components in the upcoming iPhone range came in well below an earlier estimate of around 20%.

Amon said the company is offsetting the loss with growth elsewhere, including its emerging data centre business, which it expects to generate $5 billion in revenue by fiscal 2027.

“We expect Android to grow and significantly offset the reduction in Apple, and then data centre revenue that starts to ramp in the fourth quarter,” CFO Akash Palkhiwala said.

Amon said its Q3 results reflected “solid execution of our growth strategy” despite the challenging environment.

He noted Qualcomm is taking steps to protect margins going forward, including raising prices across its chip portfolio from 1 September, as component costs continue to climb.

Automotive remained a bright spot, with revenue reaching $1.59 billion which marked a 61% increase and the 23rd consecutive quarter of double-digit year-on-year growth for the segment. Qualcomm reiterated a target of $10 billion in annual automotive revenue by fiscal 2029.

IoT revenue was $1.83 billion, representing a 9% increase. Combined automotive and IoT revenue climbed 28%, underscoring the company’s push to diversify beyond its traditional handset business as it also builds out a data centre and custom silicon strategy with a leading hyperscaler.

The post Memory crunch bites Qualcomm handset chip sales appeared first on Mobile World Live.

Qualcomm forecast fourth-quarter profit below Wall Street estimates on Wednesday and said revenue from Apple products would decline faster than expected as supply constraints and rising costs weighed on its business.

In an interview with Reuters, CEO Cristiano Amon said costs had risen not just for memory chips, but across the supply chain. Qualcomm plans to raise prices starting September 1 in an effort to return its margins to historical levels, he said.“We’re just passing through big cost increases that we have,” Amon said, noting that Qualcomm will have to negotiate with each customer. “The temporary disconnect between cost and pricing causes a slight decline temporarily in gross margin.”

Qualcomm also said it expects revenue from Apple products to decline more quickly starting in the fourth quarter as supply constraints reduce its share of components used in the next iPhone launch to well below its earlier estimate of 20%.

“It’s availability of supply,” Amon told Reuters of the Apple share change.For fiscal 2027, the company expects the majority of its chip sales will come from categories other than smartphones.

“We kind of replaced Apple with the data center,” Amon said.Qualcomm expects adjusted profit to be between $2.05 and $2.25 per share in the fourth quarter, below analysts’ average estimate of $2.36, according to data compiled by LSEG. It forecast revenue of between $9.7 billion and $10.5 billion during the period, compared with estimates of $10.02 billion.

Revenue in its chip segment is expected to be between $8.4 billion and $9 billion, while analysts were expecting $8.49 billion.

Qualcomm reiterated that revenue from Chinese phone makers bottomed out in the third quarter as customers worked through excess inventory. Xiaomi, Oppo, and Vivo posted the steepest shipment declines among the top five global smartphone vendors in the June quarter, according to Counterpoint Research.

While unit sales of Android phones began to recover, Amon said handset makers were forced to raise prices, which in turn prompted buyers to look toward the bottom end of the premium phone segment, or even at older models, both of which hurt Qualcomm margins.“There was a mix change versus what we expected,” Amon said.

Qualcomm’s broad exposure to devices such as smartphones makes its results a closely watched indicator of demand trends across consumer electronics.

MacDailyNews Note: Its third-quarter revenue fell 4% to $9.95 billion, beating estimates of $9.67 billion. Adjusted profit came in at $2.21 per share, compared with estimates of $2.23.

---

‎
Please help support MacDailyNews — and enjoy subscriber-only articles, comments, chat, and more — by subscribing to our Substack: macdailynews.substack.com. Thank you!

Support MacDailyNews at no extra cost

The post Qualcomm forecasts weak quarterly profit, sees faster drop in Apple revenue appeared first on MacDailyNews.

BMW Group handed Qualcomm Technologies a long-term deal to be the lead supplier of chips for its digital cockpit and next generation automated and assisted driving systems.

The chip company revealed it had been appointed the automotive giant’s lead compute silicon provider for the business areas over the next decade, with products being used from its Snapdragon Digital Chassis portfolio.

It noted the latest deal follows years of technical collaboration between the pair, pointing to a commercial launch of an automated driving system in the BMW iX3 vehicle in November 2025.

Qualcomm EVP and group GM, Automotive, Industrial and Embedded IoT and Robotics Nakul Duggal said “as agentic and physical AI drive a new generation of intelligent vehicles, this collaboration enables both companies to define the future of mobility”.

The company added the deal “establishes the hardware basis for BMW Group to deliver the next generation AI-powered experience”.

Qualcomm has been actively pursuing the automotive sector in recent years as part of a diversification strategy to spread its revenue away from being handset-heavy.

Accelerating ambitions
Last month, the company upped financial targets for revenue from automotive and general non-smartphone earnings.

At its investor day in June, it set out an ambition to make $10 billion in revenue from the automotive segment in its fiscal 2029 (ending late September 2029), forming part of a wider target of $40 billion in non-handset revenue that year.

It expects revenues from handsets to make up a third of its top line figure in fiscal 2029.

The previous target for fiscal 2029 was $8 billion from automotive out of a non-handset figure of $22 billion.

In its fiscal 2025, automotive revenue generated almost $4 billion of its total $38.4 billion. Handsets contributed $27.8 billion of its top line.

The post Qualcomm buckles-up for long haul with BMW appeared first on Mobile World Live.

Have you ever wondered how researchers use artificial intelligence (AI) in environmental science? Certain AI computer models can learn from scientific data and operate without manual programming, in a process called machine learning. Machine learning models can identify patterns in environmental datasets and help scientists assess public health risks linked to environmental conditions.

One well-known public health risk is the rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. These bacteria carry genes called antibiotic resistance genes that protect them from antibiotic medicines. As the number of these genes increases, the medicines become less effective, and diseases spread faster.

Agricultural soils are the largest reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes, because manure from livestock like cows and pigs often contains leftover antibiotics fed to them. When used as fertilizer, this manure transfers antibiotics into the agricultural soil, where bacteria develop antibiotic resistance genes.

To better understand how antibiotic-resistant bacteria will affect global health in the future, scientists want to develop faster ways to detect antibiotic resistance genes. However, current methods of detection are slow and fail to predict future trends. To address this problem, a group of scientists from Algeria used machine learning models to predict the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in soil microbes under future climate scenarios, and to identify the key environmental drivers and high-risk areas.

​The team compiled existing microbial data from 3 public databases: the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s Sequence Read Archive, the Metagenomic Rapid Annotations using Subsystems Technology database, and the Joint Genome Institute’s Integrated Microbial Genomes & Microbiomes database. Their final dataset contained about 2,000 agricultural soil samples from 67 countries across 6 continents. These samples represented a wide range of soil characteristics, climate conditions, and different types of antibiotic resistance genes. 

They integrated the microbial dataset with climate data, including global temperature and precipitation measurements from WorldClim, and land use data, including crop types, irrigation systems, and livestock density from the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Land Cover maps. The researchers also included data on future climate projections for 2050 and 2070 from the World Climate Research Programme based on low, medium, and high global greenhouse gas emission scenarios. 

After preparing the datasets, the team set up 6 machine learning models that differ in terms of their data size, model complexity, analytical speed, and customization. These models included Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Deep Neural Network (DNN), and Logistic Regression (LR). 

They ran each model using different combinations of variables from their datasets, including soil properties, microbial community metrics, climate variables, and land use characteristics. To validate the models, the team separated the full dataset into 10 random subsets. They trained the models on 9 of the subsets, then recorded the result of the 10th subset. Each model repeated this process 10 times in a different order so that each subset was evaluated once in the results, using a technique known as stratified 10-fold cross-validation. The researchers scored each model on 5 performance metrics, including precision, sensitivity, and predictive power. Based on these results, they determined that LightGBM was the most accurate model. 

They found that the LightGBM model identified soil temperature as the strongest environmental predictor of antibiotic resistance genes. At soil temperatures above 18°C (about 64°F), the number of antibiotic resistance genes increased dramatically. The model also identified soil acidity, organic carbon content, moisture, and annual precipitation as influential variables, accounting for 71% of the increase in antibiotic resistance genes under future climate scenarios. Likewise, the LightGBM model predicted that the number of high-risk areas would increase by 35% under the high-emissions scenario, with South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Mediterranean Europe as the most vulnerable regions.

Based on the LightGBM model output, the team concluded that soil conditions will change to favor antibiotic resistance genes under all future climate scenarios. They also suggested that LightGBM is a fast and effective model for environmental predictions that could be used to assess other climate change risks such as natural disasters. They recommended that future researchers explore how to apply machine learning methods to early warning systems and utilize machine learning results in environmental management decisions. 

The post Predicting microbial antibiotic resistance with AI appeared first on Sciworthy.

The Morning Show Season 5 will officially conclude one of the longest-running and most recognizable dramas on Apple TV when it premieres in 2027.

Apple confirmed that the fifth season will be the last, allowing Jennifer Aniston, Reese Witherspoon and the creative team to complete the stories of Alex Levy, Bradley Jackson and the troubled journalists surrounding their fictional television network.

Aniston and Witherspoon will return as stars and executive producers. Both indicated that the ending was planned while the season was being developed, giving the writers an opportunity to create a deliberate conclusion rather than leaving the characters suspended after an unexpected cancellation.

Apple has not announced a specific premiere date or episode schedule. The company has released first-look images featuring Aniston and Witherspoon together, confirming that production on the final chapter is moving forward for a 2027 arrival.

The Morning Show Season 5 Brings a Planned Ending

The Morning Show Season 5 was originally announced in September 2025, shortly before the fourth season premiered. At the time, Apple presented the renewal as another chapter for an established global hit without indicating that it would end the series.

The decision to identify it as the final season changes the expectations surrounding every storyline. Rather than creating another crisis that could lead into a sixth season, the writers can determine where the central characters belong after years of professional upheaval, corporate conflict and personal compromise.

Showrunner Charlotte Stoudt suggested that the final episodes will examine what the journalists ultimately choose for themselves. That direction fits a series in which success has rarely provided its characters with stability or satisfaction.

Alex and Bradley began the drama from sharply different positions. Alex was an established television personality attempting to protect her career during a public scandal, while Bradley entered the network as an unpredictable outsider. Their relationship developed through rivalry, loyalty, separation and repeated confrontations with the institutions employing them.

The final season can now treat those ambitions as completed journeys rather than temporary stages. Alex must decide what remains worth defending after years of negotiating with executives, billionaires and political interests. Bradley must determine whether pursuing the story at any personal cost remains sustainable.

Season four moved the drama into a media environment shaped by deepfakes, conspiracy theories, corporate influence and uncertainty over what audiences can trust. Its story continued examining how journalism operates when the network reporting the news is also affected by commercial priorities and internal power struggles.

Apple has not disclosed the central subject of Season 5. The first-look images concentrate on Aniston and Witherspoon, placing their complicated partnership back at the center after a fourth season that separated the characters through an international crisis.

A Flagship Series That Grew With Apple TV

The Morning Show debuted on November 1, 2019, the same day Apple launched its streaming service.

Its position in the original lineup made the series more than another drama acquisition. Apple needed recognizable performers and an ambitious production capable of signaling that the new platform intended to compete for major television audiences and awards.

Aniston and Witherspoon provided immediate visibility, while the newsroom setting allowed the series to respond to current debates involving workplace misconduct, corporate accountability, political polarization and the influence of television journalism.

The first season began after allegations against morning-show anchor Mitch Kessler, played by Steve Carell, forced the network to restructure its leading program. Alex attempted to retain control while Bradley was selected as an unconventional replacement capable of changing the tone of the broadcast.

Later seasons expanded far beyond the original scandal. The drama incorporated the COVID-19 pandemic, a technology billionaire attempting to acquire the network, the merger of UBA and NBN, artificial intelligence, misinformation and international political pressure.

The willingness to move quickly into recognizable real-world subjects became part of the identity of The Morning Show. Its fictional network frequently operated only a short distance from controversies affecting actual media companies, public figures and technology platforms.

The approach sometimes pushed the series toward heightened melodrama, but that excess also distinguished it from a conventional workplace production. Executive decisions, personal betrayals and breaking-news events could carry the intensity of a political thriller.

Billy Crudup became one of its most acclaimed performers as Cory Ellison, the charismatic executive whose enthusiasm for disruption regularly concealed more complicated motives. Crudup won two Emmy Awards for the role and will return for the final season.

Apple executives have described the production as a defining part of the streaming service. Ending it after five seasons closes a direct connection to the original Apple TV launch lineup while allowing the platform to preserve the series as a completed story.

The Final Cast Adds More High-Profile Names

The final season will bring back Aniston, Witherspoon, Crudup, Mark Duplass, Nicole Beharie, Nestor Carbonell, Karen Pittman and Jon Hamm.

Hamm joined the series as Paul Marks, a technology billionaire whose business ambitions and relationship with Alex reshaped the third season. His continued presence indicates that the consequences of his involvement with the network have not been fully resolved.

Several new performers will enter the drama for its last run. Apple has assembled additions including Jeff Daniels, Reneé Rapp, Jesse Williams, Sean Hayes and Lizzy Caplan, although complete character details remain limited.

Daniels brings a particularly appropriate history to the production after starring as news anchor Will McAvoy in The Newsroom. His presence creates an immediate association with another television drama concerned with journalism, newsroom ethics and the conflict between ratings and public responsibility.

Rapp returns to a major television role after building her music career and appearing in projects including The Sex Lives of College Girls and Mean Girls. Williams previously spent more than a decade on Grey’s Anatomy, while Hayes is best known for Will & Grace and has expanded into dramatic work.

Caplan has moved between comedy, drama and thrillers through projects including Masters of Sex, Fleishman Is in Trouble and Fatal Attraction. The scale of the additions suggests that the final season will introduce another major institutional or professional conflict rather than concentrating exclusively on farewell scenes.

Stoudt remains showrunner and executive producer. Mimi Leder continues as director and executive producer, while Media Res, Echo Films and Hello Sunshine remain behind the production.

Aniston described the opportunity to finish the story knowingly as a way to honor the characters with intention. Witherspoon emphasized that the series was never only about the personalities appearing on television, but also about the role of journalism and the people responsible for protecting the press.

That theme gives the final season a defined destination. The Morning Show began by asking whether a television institution could survive the misconduct it had protected. Its last episodes can decide whether the journalists inside that institution changed it, escaped it or became part of the machinery they once believed they could challenge.

The post The Morning Show Season 5 Will End the Apple TV Drama appeared first on AppleMagazine.

Around 4.6 billion years ago, an immense cloud of gas and dust in space collapsed in on itself. As it collapsed, gravity pulled most of the material toward several small points, one of which would eventually become our Sun. The other points formed other stars in what scientists call an open cluster. 

During this early stage of the Sun’s life, it was surrounded by a swirling disk of leftover material aligned with its equator, known as a protoplanetary disk. Eventually, this disk condensed to form the planets that make up our solar system. This process normally results in a system with a star at its center, and the planets orbiting the plane of the star’s equator. 

However, scientists have found that this scenario doesn’t quite hold for our solar system. The planets in our solar system orbit the Sun in a single plane offset from the Sun’s equator by approximately 6°. The fact that the planets are in the same orbital plane suggests that the protoplanetary disk model of solar system formation is correct, since the odds of the Sun capturing 8 rogue planets in this arrangement are astronomically low. So, what threw the planets in our solar system off-kilter?

To determine what caused the solar system to tilt, Daohai Li at Queen Mary University of London recently used the computer program NBODY6++ to model different versions of the open cluster from which the Sun came. In these simulations, he varied the number of stars in the cluster, from 500 to 2,000 to 8,000. He also varied the radius of the cluster, from 0.25 to 1 to 4 parsecs (8 to 30 to 100 trillion kilometers or 5 to 20 to 70 trillion miles). Finally, he varied the percentage of stars with a binary companion from 10% to 50% to 90%. Li assigned each star a randomly generated initial mass, starting position, and velocity, and simulated their interactions for 400 million years.

First, Li examined the simulations to identify stars with masses approximately equal to the Sun’s. From this group of solar-massed stars, Li found ones that left the cluster after 400 million years as a single star, after either forming alone or having lost a former companion star. He proposed that these stars were the most similar to the Sun and could thus host a simulated solar system.

Li then simulated the planets and their orbits as they would have formed on these potential host stars. To simplify this process, Li only simulated the 4 giant planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, which dominate planetary behavior in our solar system. He modeled these solar systems independently for 200 million years to ensure they would remain intact and used those that did for statistical analysis of the solar system’s past.

Overall, Li discovered 2 scenarios that could explain the solar system’s tilt. In the first, the primordial solar system was jostled by many distant neighboring stars in its cluster. This jostling tilts the planets’ orbits, but it does so randomly. Therefore, this scenario would make it unlikely for the planets to remain in the same orbital plane. It would also cause them to orbit the Sun faster and more chaotically than in our solar system.

In the second scenario, the Sun had a temporary companion star that it either formed with or briefly encountered before separating. When this occurred, the simulated planets’ orbits all tilted together. Stars that formed with a binary companion had a 10% chance of tilting their planets’ orbits by 6° or more, while stars that formed alone had a less than 0.1% chance. 

Li concluded that the solar system could have tilted as a result of interactions between the Sun and a temporary companion star within its parent cluster. However, he acknowledged that the model strongly depends on how closely a star passes by the Sun, since the closer a star passes, the more it disturbs the solar system. Despite this uncertainty, it’s possible that somewhere in space is the Sun’s twin or former neighbor that we haven’t seen in eons, and that’s what made our solar system crooked!

The post The Sun’s twin star may have tilted the planets’ orbits appeared first on Sciworthy.

If you’ve ever swum in the ocean and been touched by seaweed, there’s a good chance it was Sargassum! This free-floating seaweed can have population explosions in coastal waters, degrading water quality, ecosystems, fisheries, and tourism. However, despite its drawbacks, scientists think that Sargassum could be useful for extracting valuable metals, known as rare earth elements (REEs). 

REEs are classified by their average masses and atomic weights. Light REEs include cerium, praseodymium, and neodymium, middle REEs include gadolinium, terbium, and dysprosium, and heavy REEs include erbium, thulium, and ytterbium. These metals are used in magnets, electronic motors, wind turbines, spacecraft, and more. Our current methods of extracting REEs, open-pit mining and chemical processing, are invasive, causing habitat loss and producing toxic waste. Additionally, REEs are difficult to import due to restricted access worldwide. But what if these metals could be extracted using natural methods? 

Scientists from Woods Hole and UCLA recently tested whether Sargassum could accumulate REEs, creating a sustainable solution to these problems. They harvested Sargassum at Waterfront Park in Woods Hole, rinsed the wet samples, and stored them in sterilized, filtered seawater, which they aerated with 12-hour cycles of light and dark to keep the Sargassum alive. They dried another set of samples in the sun under controlled outdoor conditions, stored them in sealed containers, and later rehydrated them in seawater for 3 hours before the experiments.

For each experiment, they added 5 grams (about 0.2 ounces) of Sargassum to solutions containing a mixture of 9 REEs – cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, erbium, thulium, and ytterbium – in concentrations totalling 0.1 micromolar (μM) REEs, 11μM REEs, 100 to 110μM REEs, and 575 to 600μM REEs. They performed each experiment 4 times: twice with fresh seaweed and twice with rehydrated seaweed. 

The researchers removed 1 gram (about 0.04 ounces) of seaweed from each solution after 1, 3, and 7 days, and dissolved it in acid to release the REEs it had absorbed. They analyzed the concentrations of REEs in each seaweed sample and the leftover solutions using 2 different plasma-based methods. They used these REE concentrations to calculate the ratio of REEs in the Sargassum versus in the solution, known as the bioconcentration factor, to determine how effectively the seaweed absorbed REEs. 

They found that after 7 days at lower REE concentrations (0.1μM), the fresh seaweed had bioconcentration factors of over 1,000. At higher REE concentrations (11μM), their bioconcentration factors ranged from about 400 to 700. However, these levels of REEs were eventually toxic to the fresh Sargassum, so they died after 2 weeks. In addition, the higher REE concentrations of 100 to 600μM were immediately toxic to the fresh Sargassum, which died within 1 day in solution. 

The researchers determined that once the seaweed died, it could no longer actively take up REEs into its tissues but could only accumulate them on its surface or adsorb them. Adsorption can be thought of as a powdered donut – when the surface is covered with powdered sugar, no more powder fits on the donut. Similarly, there was a limit to how many REEs could stick to the Sargassum. Due to this limit, the fresh seaweed samples had bioconcentration factors below 250 in the highest REE concentrations. In contrast, the rehydrated Sargassum consumed less REEs at lower concentrations, but didn’t experience toxicity and continued to accumulate REEs at higher concentrations.

Finally, the team compared Sargassum to a common industrial method of accumulating REEs, known as activated carbon. REEs bond easily to activated carbon because of its abundant surface area and high porosity. Both materials accumulated a similar amount of REEs in solutions of 0.1μM REEs. However, at 575 to 600μM REEs, Sargassum accumulated about twice as many REEs as activated carbon, especially the heavier REEs. 

​The researchers concluded that Sargassum is a natural hyper-accumulator, meaning it successfully concentrates REEs. However, they recommended that future researchers test whether Sargassum performs the same in the natural environment as it does in the lab. If so, Sargassum could be used to accumulate REEs from wastewater, like mine drainage, or other water sources with higher concentrations of REEs. Regardless, they suggested that using Sargassum to obtain REEs could simultaneously expand global access to these metals and mitigate toxic blooms.

The post Using seaweed to harvest valuable metals appeared first on Sciworthy.

Primeira série original lançada globalmente pelo Apple TV, “The Morning Show” chegará ao fim com sua quinta temporada, conforme anunciou hoje o serviço de streaming da Maçã em comunicado para a imprensa.

O retorno da produção, que conta com Reese Witherspoon e Jennifer Aniston como protagonistas e produtoras executivas, está marcado para o ano que vem, com boa parte do elenco já conhecido e algumas adições.

Retornarão Billy Crudup, Mark Duplass, Nestor Carbonell, Karen Pittman, Greta Lee, Nicole Beharie e Jon Hamm. Jeff Daniels, Reneé Rapp, Jesse Williams, Sean Hayes, Lizzy Caplan e outros nomes chegarão para completar o time.

Ao longo de suas quatro temporadas, “The Morning Show” já foi indicada a diversas premiações (vencendo algumas delas) e debateu temas como a pandemia de COVID-19 e assédio, tendo como pano de fundo os bastidores do telejornalismo.

Além das protagonistas, Charlotte Stoudt (também showrunner), Mimi Leder (também diretora), Michael Ellenberg, Lauren Neustadter, Kristin Hahn, Zander Lehmann e Micah Schraft serão produtores executivos.

O Apple TV está disponível no aplicativo Apple TV em mais de 100 países e regiões, seja em iPhones, iPads, Apple TVs, Macs, dispositivos Android, smart TVs ou online — além de também estar em aparelhos como Roku, Amazon Fire TV, Chromecast com Google TV, consoles PlayStation e Xbox. O serviço custa R$29,90 por mês, com um período de teste gratuito de 7 dias. Por tempo limitado, quem comprar e ativar um novo iPhone, iPad, Apple TV ou Mac ganha 3 meses do Apple TV. Ele também faz parte do pacote de assinaturas da empresa, o Apple One.

NOTA DE TRANSPARÊNCIA: O MacMagazine recebe uma pequena comissão sobre vendas concluídas por meio de links deste post, mas você, como consumidor, não paga nada mais pelos produtos/serviços usando os nossos links de afiliado.

Chris Lattner:

I’m excited to share that Qualcomm is acquiring Modular: this will accelerate our path to unifying accelerated compute with an open platform. This will also mark a new era in open software development for Qualcomm.

[…]

This will accelerate our progress and path, and their vision is expansive: [spanning] edge to cloud, CPU, GPU, NPU, and custom ASICs and perhaps more.

Modular (Hacker News):

As AI scales, efficiency, not capability, becomes a constraint. Performance-per-watt drives the cost of inference, and cost determines what scales. Meeting this demand requires more than hardware. Developers need software that connects system-level optimization with heterogeneous, disaggregated compute, turning silicon performance into reliable and efficient AI services across accelerators, environments, and use cases.

Previously:

• Mojo Programming Language