I have an external SSD with several partitions, one of which doesn't show in Path Finder's sidebar (though it does in Finder). I've narrowed it down to a permissions problem: in Disk Utility the other partitions show 'Ownership: Disabled', but this partition it says 'Enabled'.
So I tried to change permissions. The other partitions show: (Me) Read & write
staff Read & write
everyone Read only
but this partition shows: System Read & write
wheel Read only
everyone Read only
so I...
I downloaded all my photos from Google photos so I can move them to the Apple Photos app.. So now I have a bunch of folders that have 100 or more photos in them but they also have 100 or more text files that end in json.
Deleting the text files from each folder manually in the Finder is gonna take forever. Is there an easy way to get rid of these text files out of each folder while keeping the photos? Thanks.
The display on my 2024 M3 MacBook Air is no longer working properly (see attachment). I can still work using an external monitor but the interior display is completely on the fritz.
I want to take the machine into the Apple Store to see what a new video card or screen would cost, but I would want to format the main ssd first because I do online banking on this machine and have other relatively sensitive information and I did not have the drive encrypted. Because the drivers for the...
Recently Time Machine takes forever to back to my 1TB external. There's still about 320GB of space, so I am not sure why this is happening.
I went ahead and deleted old backups that I can see in the TM folders. These are from ten years ago and not needed anymore. Even now, however, it seem to be taking too much time to backup.
The last backup said it needs 5 hours or more to complete, so I cancelled it when it was at 16 percent.
Do I need a new disk (this one seems fine but it is 8...
Ever since I updated to Tahoe 26.5.2 a few days ago, I've had an inordinate number of pages that "reloaded because a problem occurred". Prior to that, there were a couple of websites that were prone to this, but now it's almost every website I go to.
Future spacecraft may travel farther by drawing momentum from planets, sunlight, and the solar wind instead of onboard fuel. Every conventional rocket faces the same problem: it must carry the material that propels it. Since Konstantin Tsiolkovsky described the rocket equation in 1903, spacecraft have burned fuel and expelled it backward to move forward under [...]
By analyzing nickel isotopes preserved in the 66-million-year-old debris left by the Chicxulub impact, researchers conclude that the asteroid responsible for Earth’s last mass extinction most likely belonged to an exceptionally rare class of primitive meteorites called carbonaceous chondrites of the Ornans type (CO chondrites).
For centuries, ancient seafarers have told tales of fabled lost lands. They have been known by many names—Ultima Thule, Hy-Brasil, the Fortunate Isles, and of course, the legendary lost city of Atlantis.
Now, scientists say Earth’s hidden plumbing system may be feeding one of its strangest ecosystems—an area on the Atlantic seafloor that conjures images of such legendary landscapes lost to time and memory.
Known as the Lost City hydrothermal field, this ancient Atlantic oddity is doing more than just broadening our view on how extremophiles thrive in some of our planet’s least hospitable environments: it offers a potential model for how extraterrestrial life may thrive elsewhere in our solar system.
In a recent paper published in Geophysics, Geochemistry, and Geosystems, an international team of researchers finally discovered the system behind these hydrogen- and methane-rich alkaline hot springs that feed the Lost City ecosystem.
The white carbonate chimneys that emit these gases provide an alternative to sunlight as the Lost City’s primary energy source, allowing life to thrive in a challenging deep ocean environment.
A view of the Lost City hydrothermal vent, located adjacent to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Image Credit: Susan Lang, University of South Carolina/National Science Foundation/ROV Jason 2018 WHOI)
Searching Near The Lost City
Those precious nutrients coming from these vents were created by underground reactions. It turns out that the water feeding the Lost City is likely part of a larger underground system, where extreme processes imbue the liquid with essential nutrients.
The discovery came from nearly a mile below the Atlantis Massif, a large block of Earth’s crust that forms an underwater mountain range. This dome-shaped region stretches for 10 miles and rises 14,000 feet above the ocean floor.
Above, a map shows the location of the Lost City on the Atlantis Massif (Image Credit: NOAA)
Geologists believe this formation originated between 1.5 and 2 million years ago, as tectonic plate movement pulled it out from beneath the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, forming a new feature on the ocean floor.
From aboard the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES) ship Resolution, scientists drilled their 4,160-foot-deep hole about 2,600 feet north of the Lost City. They were intrigued to find that the water recovered from the hole had a chemical composition extremely similar to that of water emerging from the Lost City vents.
Beneath The Ocean Floor
From their drill site, they pumped water from varying depths up to the surface for examination.
Roughly the first 1,500 feet consisted primarily of seawater and freshwater from the drilling process, yet at lower depths, they found water that had risen from beneath the rock. At the deepest depths, up to 80% of the sample came from these subterranean regions.
Their detailed analyses revealed that the water had reacted with the surrounding minerals to gain calcium while losing magnesium, a reaction that would require prolonged exposure to rocks at a temperature of at least 572°F. Despite this finding, the hole was much cooler when the team took their samples.
Typically, a water-rock reaction with gabbroic and ultramafic rock would produce such results that are high in calcium, yet with no magnesium. Other components, such as lithium, rubidium, cesium, and strontium, were found in the water at both the bore site and Lost City.
One of the Lost City’s many carbonate spires is shown in this image from the 2005 Lost City Expedition (Image Credit: IFE, URI-IAO, UW, Lost City Science Party; NOAA/OAR/OER; The Lost City 2005 Expedition)
The findings are consequential for providing the first direct evidence of this extremely hot water circulating beneath the Atlantis Massif through gabbroic and ultramafic rock. In this hidden plumbing system, seawater reaches deep within oceanic plates, providing energy to these deep-sea environments and potentially supporting their microbial life.
Feeding The Lost City
As researchers have now demonstrated that hydrogen-enriched water can naturally form deep within the Earth through rock reactions, researchers say there are major implications for our understanding of the Earth and beyond.
For one, it adds a new element to Earth’s energy cycles, explaining how life persists under such difficult, dark conditions. Secondly, it offers intriguing new ideas about how life might persist in extraterrestrial environments, as humans continue to search for it elsewhere in the cosmos. The strange conditions of the Lost City ecosystem are thought to be a potential model for how life could persist in the global oceans of ice-covered worlds such as Jupiter’s moon Europa or Saturn’s moon Enceladus.
However, some uncertainty about the samples does remain. Seawater, freshwater, and drilling contaminants were present in the samples, and the exact proportions attributable to gabbro or ultramafic rock are unknown. Also, while this is evidence for an underground connection between the borehole and the Lost City chimneys, it is not conclusive proof that they are connected.
Plans are already underway to return once the borehole has stabilized to collect pristine samples that will allow researchers to answer questions about where and how these reactions occur, as well as the amount of energy they add to the water. From the most inhospitable regions on Earth to the quest for organisms among the stars, the research underway deep within our oceans is providing new answers to how such life persists.
Micah Hanks, Editor in Chief of The Debrief, also contributed to this reporting.
Ryan Whalen covers science and technology for The Debrief. He holds an MA in History and a Master of Library and Information Science with a certificate in Data Science. He can be contacted at ryan@thedebrief.org, and follow him on Twitter @mdntwvlf.
A natural supplement strengthened lasting anticancer immune responses in obese mice. Weight loss can improve many aspects of health, but the immune system may not recover as quickly. Obesity can leave behind long-lasting changes in the bone marrow, where immune cells are formed, potentially weakening the body’s ability to respond to cancer even after excess [...]
A new analysis suggests the four sub-Earth exoplanets orbiting Barnard’s star -- the Sun’s nearest single-star neighbor -- are likely packed with the deep-Earth mineral periclase, stripped of their atmospheres and far too hostile to support life.
If you still picture Mars as a monotonous red desert, it may be time for an update.
The European Space Agency's Mars Express orbiter has been capturing some of the Red Planet's most surreal landscapes, and its latest images reveal a sprawling field that looks like molten metal frozen across the floor of an ancient Mars crater.
The shimmering "waves" aren't metal at all, however. They are dark sand dunes dusted with seasonal frost, much of it carbon dioxide, or "dry ice," that settles on the surface during Martian winters, giving the dunes their uncanny chrome-like sheen, according to ESA.
The rest is a trick of light and contrast. Because the dark sand absorbs light and the white frost reflects it, the interplay transforms the landscape into something that looks more like a scene from a sci-fi movie than a windswept Martian plain.
A bird's-eye view of wind-blown dunes in Kaiser Crater. (Image credit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin)
Over thousands of years, Martian winds have sculpted this volcanic sand into dunes that now ripple through the floor of Kaiser Crater, a 129-mile-wide (207-kilometer-wide) impact basin in the planet's southern highlands. The bowl-shaped crater acts as a giant sand trap that prevents the sand from escaping, according to NASA.
The dunes themselves are darker than much of Mars' surface because they are made of fine, basaltic sand rich in volcanic minerals such as pyroxene and olivine, rather than the iron-oxide dust that gives the planet its familiar rusty-red appearance and its famous moniker, the Red Planet.
Because the crater floor remains visible between the ridges, scientists think there is a relatively limited sand supply shaping the field. Still, these ripples of sand are massive, extending for several kilometers and towering more than 100 meters (320 feet) above the surrounding terrain.
The landscape isn't just visually dramatic, it also preserves clues to a time when Mars was a very different world.
Today, Mars is wrapped in an atmosphere little more than a thin veil that is 100 times thinner than Earth's and slowly leaking into space. That makes it harder for winds to lift and transport sand than it is on our own planet. Yet the soaring dunes inside Kaiser Crater show that Martian winds have nonetheless been powerful enough to sculpt vast landscapes over time, perhaps during a period when the Martian atmosphere was thicker a few billion years ago.
The new image adds to a growing collection of striking Martian scenes captured by Mars Express, which has been orbiting the Red Planet since 2003. Just last month, the probe tracked a frenetic cluster of 30 dust devils swirling through the canyons of Mamers Valles, also in the northern hemisphere.
Over the spring and summer, the orbiter similarly spotlighted the planet's vast and complex geological history, from Shalbatana Vallis — carved by groundwater floods about 3.5 billion years ago into winding valleys that span the length of Italy — to a massive blanket of dark volcanic ash elsewhere on the world that has spread across a large chunk of the terrain over just the last 50 years, having either been redistributed by Martian winds or exposed as the overlying dust was blown away.
However desolate Mars may appear from afar, there is certainly no shortage of activity on its surface — or discoveries still waiting to be made.
Smoke from wildfires across Canada travels across both Canada and the U.S. in this satellite image captured by NOAA-21 on July 14, 2026. (Image credit: NASA Earth Observatory/Lauren Dauphin)
The wildfires tearing across Canada are so extreme that the smoke billowing upward can be seen from space.
What is it?
Over 850 wildfires are currently devastating Canada, as reported by theCanadian Interagency Forest Fire Center. The fires are spreading across Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Ontario; most remain completely uncontrolled.
In addition to the immense destruction caused by the fires themselves, the smoke from these fires is causing serious concerns about dangerously poor air quality all across Canada and even in the northeastern United States. As far as New York, the air quality on Thursday (July 16) was labeled "very unhealthy" after the state activated emergency air quality protocols.
The smoke is so expansive it's clearly visible in this image captured on July 14 from Earth orbit.
Why is it noteworthy?
Studying wildfires and wildfire smoke from orbit can give us a bigger picture view of these catastrophic event. This data is important for disaster relief in the short term — but also in the long-term. With climate change continuing to progress due to human activities like burning coal for cheap power, we can expect natural disasters to worsen. Among the many effects of climate change, this includes longer and more intense wildfire seasons, especially in regions that are already susceptible to fire such as these regions across Canada.
The new image was captured by the NOAA-21 satellite with the instrument VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imagine Radiometer Suite). You can see massive plumes of smoke over southeastern Canada treading into the northeastern U.S. Thick smoke covers swaths of Canada's landscape and wisps of smoke trail all the way down through New York and across the U.S.
Most of this smoke, at least the smoke we can see in this satellite image, is coming from wildfires in northwestern Ontario. As the wildfires continue to burn, satellites like NOAA-21 will be keeping watch.
The most powerful solar storms to strike Earth may pack a bigger punch than scientists realized, according to a new study that suggests the impacts of extreme space weather have been underestimated.
Researchers found evidence that the apparent upper limit on Earth's response to the strongest solar storms may be an artifact of how solar wind has been measured rather than a true physical ceiling. If confirmed, the findings suggest that rare "once-in-a-thousand-year" geomagnetic storms could have a greater impact on modern technology than current estimates indicate, according to a statement.
"Our planet's magnetic field does a really great job of protecting us against many space weather effects and so they often just show up as glitches or beautiful aurora," Maria Walach, co-author of the study from Lancaster University, said in the statement. "There are however extreme cases."
Solar storms occur when eruptions from the sun, such as coronal mass ejections and solar flares, send clouds of charged particles hurtling toward Earth. While they can produce spectacular auroras, they can also disrupt satellites, GPS, radio communications and power grids.
History has shown the damage even less extreme storms can cause. The 1859 Carrington Event, the strongest geomagnetic storm on record, disrupted telegraph systems around the world and pushed auroras from their usual high-latitude skies near the Arctic and Antarctic to locations as far south as the tropics. Another powerful storm in 1989 collapsed Quebec's power grid, leaving millions without electricity, while the 2003 "Halloween storms" disrupted satellites, GPS and radio communications.
While the study doesn't suggest that an unprecedented solar storm is imminent, it argues that scientists may need to rethink how they estimate the severity of the rarest events — an increasingly important challenge as modern society grows more dependent on satellites and other vulnerable technologies.
The researchers traced the apparent upper limit to where most solar wind measurements are collected. Many observations of extreme events come from spacecraft near the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1 (L1), about 1 million miles (1.5 million kilometers) upstream of Earth. Because the strongest solar wind tends to weaken somewhat before reaching Earth, comparing L1 measurements with conditions at our planet can make it appear that Earth's upper atmosphere stops responding to increasingly intense solar wind, even when it does not.
A close-up of a solar flare on the sun. (Image credit: NASA/SDO)
To test that idea, the team analyzed more than one million solar wind measurements collected by NASA spacecraft orbiting much closer to Earth, where the solar wind directly interacts with our planet's magnetic field. Those observations showed that electrical currents flowing through Earth's upper atmosphere continued to increase alongside stronger solar wind, with no sign of the previously assumed upper limit. The results suggest that exceptionally powerful solar storms could generate stronger geomagnetic disturbances — and greater impacts on satellites, communications systems and power grids — than earlier estimates predicted.
"Fortunately, these very extreme cases are rare, but this also means we have limited data to work with and only time will tell what happens at the very extreme one-in-a-thousand-year kind of event," Walach said in the statement.
The study comes as the sun remains near the peak of its roughly 11-year solar cycle, known as solar maximum, when sunspots, solar flares and coronal mass ejections become more frequent. During the current cycle, strong geomagnetic storms have repeatedly sent auroras far beyond their usual polar skies.
In May 2024, the strongest geomagnetic storm in more than two decades illuminated skies across much of the United States and Europe while causing intermittent disruptions to high-frequency radio communications, GPS-guided equipment and some satellite operations. Although significant, that event was far less powerful than the Carrington Event — or the even rarer storms the new study suggests may be possible.
The aftermath of landslides have been found in images of Pluto's surface taken when the New Horizons mission flew past the dwarf planet in 2015. The landslides are evidence that the icy world is still active, albeit on geological timescales.
A team led by geologist Marco Emanuele Discenza pored over images taken by New Horizons' LORRI (Long-Range Reconnaissance Imager) instrument, which was capable of detecting surface features as small as 984 feet (300 meters). They found convincing evidence for six landslides in total that have taken place down the inner walls of three craters on the western edge of Sputnik Planitia, the heart-shaped feature that characterizes Pluto's appearance.
Previously, geological features left behind by landslides have been found on a host of bodies in the solar system, including Mars, Ceres in the asteroid belt, some of the icy moons of the gas giants, and even Pluto's companion, Charon. However, these are the first to be found on Pluto.
A landslide that fell 1.4 miles (2.2 kilometers) was identified in Pluto's Coughlin crater, close to a secondary crater on Coughlin's rim that may have triggered the landslide in the first place. Two further landslide features were seen in Giclas crater, and another three were spotted in a third, unnamed, crater.
The landslides were identifiable by their large debris aprons that spilled out onto the crater floors, the distance the landslide material travelled ranging being between 6.3 and 9 miles (10.1 and 14.5 km). Some of these debris aprons appeared bumpy, as if they contain large boulders of solid ice, while the areas around the source of the landslides feature well-defined, concave-shaped cliffs where material has broken away and tumbled down the craters' steep walls.
The great lengths that the debris rolled means that Pluto's landslides are among the most mobile in the solar system, a product of low gravity and low-friction icy rubble. The largest of the debris aprons covers 50 square miles (130 square kilometers), which would be large enough to bury a small city or a large town.
Landslides are important processes in shaping planetary surfaces, enabling the transport of material across great distances. The trigger for Pluto's landslides, however, is not yet clear. While the landslide in Coughlin appears to have been caused by a smaller impact nearby, the other five have less certain origins. One possibility is thermal stresses in the surface ice caused by the slight temperature changes that cause Pluto's volatile materials – among them molecular nitrogen, carbon monoxide and methane – to periodically sublimate and then condense again. These temperature changes are the result of Pluto subtly heating up and cooling down as its elliptical orbit brings it slightly closer to the sun, crossing inside Neptune's orbit, and then moving farther away again.
There is also evidence for more landslides in other craters, but New Horizons' coverage of Pluto's surface was limited as it hurriedly flew past on July 4, 2015, and the imagery required to confirm these other landslides is lacking.
The findings were published in the journal Icarus.
ARK augmented reality describes a form of spatial interaction in which artificial intelligence does more than place digital objects in the physical world. It uses knowledge from foundation models to understand unfamiliar scenes, generate useful information and adapt its response to the person, task and environment.
The concept comes from a 2023 research paper titled “ArK: Augmented Reality with Knowledge Interactive Emergent Ability.” Its authors proposed a system that transfers knowledge from large foundation models into new physical and virtual environments. Instead of training an AI agent separately for every room, object or activity, ArK uses existing knowledge memory to interpret what it sees and generate appropriate 2D or 3D content.
Traditional augmented reality places information over reality. ARK augmented reality tries to understand reality before deciding what should appear.
That distinction creates a compelling direction for Apple. Vision Pro already blends digital content with physical space. Apple Intelligence adds language, image understanding and personal context. Visual Intelligence lets users look at objects, text and scenes before asking for information. Siri AI adds a conversational layer. ARKit, RealityKit and visionOS provide the spatial foundation.
Apple now has many of the components required to build a knowledge layer over the physical world.
ARK Augmented Reality Goes Beyond Digital Overlays
Most familiar augmented reality experiences are relatively fixed. A furniture app places a digital sofa in a room. A navigation app displays arrows over a street. A museum app identifies an artwork. A repair app shows where a component belongs.
These experiences can be useful, but they usually depend on predefined content and rules. The system recognizes a known object or location, then presents prepared information.
ARK augmented reality proposes something more adaptive. A knowledge-enabled system could enter an unfamiliar environment, interpret what is present and generate assistance based on a broader understanding of objects, relationships and possible actions.
A user looking at a complicated electrical panel would not only see labels. The system could identify the panel type, explain the purpose of each section, compare the arrangement with standard configurations and warn the user not to touch dangerous components.
A student examining a machine could ask how it works and receive a spatial explanation attached to its real parts. A surgeon could review anatomical information positioned around a medical model. A technician could receive repair guidance even when the exact equipment had not been included in a previous training dataset.
The display becomes less like a floating screen and more like an informed interpretation of the environment.
Image Credit: Apple Inc.
Why Apple Is Positioned to Build It
Apple’s advantage would not come from inventing every part of ARK augmented reality. It would come from combining hardware, software, artificial intelligence and personal context into one controlled ecosystem.
Vision Pro already understands rooms, surfaces, hands, eyes and objects well enough to place digital content convincingly in physical space. Its cameras and sensors continuously map the environment while visionOS manages windows, volumes and immersive experiences.
Apple Intelligence provides another layer. Foundation models can interpret language, summarize information, generate content and connect requests with app actions. Visual Intelligence can identify text, images and real-world objects. Siri AI can act as the conversational interface.
The Apple ecosystem also provides personal context that a generic AR platform may not have. Calendar knows the user’s schedule. Maps understands location. Photos contains visual history. Notes and Mail hold project information. Health contains personal trends. Home understands rooms, accessories and automations.
An Apple-built knowledge layer could combine the environment in front of the user with the information already available across trusted devices and apps.
A person preparing for a meeting could look at a conference room and see the agenda, participant names and relevant documents arranged around the table. A traveler could look across a train station and receive directions connected to the correct platform, departure time and digital ticket. A homeowner could examine a room and see live information from temperature, air-quality and energy sensors.
The physical environment becomes the interface.
Vision Pro Is the Laboratory
Vision Pro is the obvious development platform for this idea because it already offers the cameras, displays, sensors and processing required for advanced spatial understanding. Its size and price limit broad adoption, but those same characteristics allow Apple and developers to test experiences that would be harder to build first on lightweight glasses.
ARK augmented reality on Vision Pro could become especially useful in enterprise environments. Apple already promotes the headset for employee training, product design, field service, collaboration and specialized visualization.
A worker could enter an unfamiliar facility and receive contextual instructions attached to real equipment. An engineer could inspect a physical prototype while design changes, performance data and maintenance history appear around it. A new employee could learn a workflow through spatial guidance generated from company manuals and operational knowledge.
The system would not need to display every available fact. It would need to understand which information fits the current task.
That is where AI knowledge becomes more valuable than a traditional AR overlay. Too much information can be as disruptive as too little. A strong system should filter, prioritize and explain rather than cover the room with floating labels.
The iPhone Could Bring ARK to More People
Vision Pro may be the development environment, but iPhone could provide the scale. The iPhone already combines cameras, LiDAR on Pro models, location, motion sensing, Visual Intelligence and Apple Intelligence.
An iPhone-based ARK experience would be less continuous because users would need to hold up the device. It could still deliver useful knowledge interaction without requiring a headset.
A user could point the camera at a plant and receive care guidance based on its species, visible condition, local weather and placement in the room. Someone assembling furniture could receive generated guidance positioned over the actual parts. A shopper could compare products by looking at them rather than manually searching for each model.
The difference from ordinary visual search would be interaction. The user could ask follow-up questions, change the goal and let the system update the visual guidance.
Future glasses could eventually make the experience persistent. The iPhone would help Apple develop the intelligence, privacy controls and app ecosystem before lightweight eyewear becomes ready.
A World That Explains Itself
The most ambitious version of ARK augmented reality is a world in which information is attached to objects, places and situations only when requested or needed.
A city could become understandable without searching through maps, review sites and separate transit apps. Buildings could reveal history. Streets could explain temporary closures. Restaurants could surface reservations, dietary options and accessibility details. Public transport could show the correct entrance and platform.
Inside a home, Apple’s knowledge layer could explain energy use, identify maintenance problems and guide repairs. In a classroom, physical models could become interactive lessons. In healthcare, patients could receive visual instructions for approved home procedures or medication devices.
The experience would depend on context rather than menus. The user looks, asks and receives information positioned where it belongs.
This is the transition from augmented reality as decoration to augmented reality as understanding.
Privacy Will Decide Whether It Works
A knowledge layer capable of understanding the physical world also creates serious privacy questions. The system may see homes, workplaces, documents, faces, screens and private conversations. The more context it receives, the more useful it becomes. The same access can also make it invasive.
Apple’s privacy architecture could become one of its strongest advantages. On-device processing would allow some scene understanding without sending continuous camera feeds to external servers. Private Cloud Compute could handle more complex requests while preserving stricter controls than an ordinary cloud AI service.
Apple would also need visible controls over what is analyzed, remembered and shared. A user should know when the system is interpreting the environment and whether information is temporary or retained. Workplaces and public spaces would need rules for recording, identification and sensitive data.
ARK augmented reality cannot become socially acceptable if people feel that nearby devices are constantly cataloging them.
The successful version would behave less like surveillance and more like intentional assistance. The user asks for understanding. The system processes only what is needed. The knowledge disappears when the task ends unless the user chooses to save it.
Image Credit: Apple Inc.
Developers Could Build Knowledge Worlds
Apple would not need to create every knowledge experience itself. visionOS, ARKit, RealityKit and App Intents could let developers connect specialized knowledge with physical environments.
A medical company could build guidance for approved equipment. A manufacturer could create spatial maintenance systems. A university could attach interactive explanations to laboratories and museums. A retailer could create product comparisons based on inventory and customer preferences.
Apple could provide the shared intelligence layer: scene understanding, object recognition, language interaction, privacy permissions and spatial presentation. Developers would provide the trusted domain knowledge.
This division would be essential. General AI can explain many things, but professional environments require verified information. A generated answer about a historical building has different consequences from an answer about industrial machinery or medical treatment.
Apple’s platform could distinguish between general knowledge and certified domain sources, allowing users to see where information comes from before acting.
From Spatial Computing to Contextual Computing
Apple describes Vision Pro as a spatial computer because digital content can occupy physical space. ARK augmented reality suggests the next progression: contextual computing.
A spatial computer knows where digital content is placed. A contextual computer understands why the content is useful in that location, what the user is trying to accomplish and which knowledge should appear.
That would connect several Apple strategies that currently look separate. Vision Pro supplies spatial awareness. Apple Intelligence supplies reasoning and generation. Siri AI supplies conversation. Visual Intelligence supplies real-world understanding. The ecosystem supplies personal context.
Together, they could create a system that does not wait for users to open the correct app and search through the correct menu. The environment itself becomes the starting point.
Apple’s opportunity is to make that interaction restrained rather than overwhelming. The company does not need to cover reality with digital noise. It can use design, privacy and contextual intelligence to make information appear only when it improves the moment.
ARK augmented reality offers a useful description of that future. Reality remains visible. Knowledge becomes interactive. The computer begins to understand the world in front of the user instead of asking the user to translate everything into a search box.
Researchers have found that the natural compound spermidine can help improve vaccine responses in older adults by reducing molecular markers of immune system aging. A vaccine shot can look the same from one arm to the next, but the immune system beneath the skin may not respond with the same force. In older adults, that [...]
Jurassic Park, while beloved as a film, has been the subject of snarky memes for the infamous line in which one of the characters declares, "This is a Unix system, I know this!" while using a computer with an unusual 3D file manager interface.
Despite the memes, the film's production team was meticulous in accurately sourcing the right PCs (and adjacent details) for the sets—not too much of a surprise, given writer Michael Crichton's background with computing and his obsessive attention to detail in the book the film is based on.
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