The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies is one of the world's most respected institutions in energy economics. But its ideological commitment to the 'climate emergency' is now damaging its research, says Dr Tilak Doshi.
The post The Oxford Institute Letting Climate Ideology Bias its Research appeared first on The Daily Sceptic.
A new study published in Nanotechnology journal Nature Publishing Group’s Nature Nanotechnology has found that microscopic boron nitride nanotubes can transport lithium ions at speeds far greater than previously expected.
These tiny tube-shaped channels were shown to selectively move lithium ions while blocking many other ions, effectively creating a high-speed pathway for lithium transport. The findings suggest that boron nitride nanotubes could serve as a promising platform for next-generation separation technologies.
Potential applications include clean energy production, including blue energy systems that generate power from the mixing of saltwater and freshwater, as well as more efficient lithium extraction for battery manufacturing.
According to Sangil Kim, the newly identified transport mechanism enables lithium ions to move through nanotubes at exceptionally high speeds. Kim, an associate professor of chemical engineering at University of Illinois Chicago and co-author of the study, noted that the observed ion transport rates significantly exceeded both theoretical predictions and results reported in existing experimental systems, highlighting the unusual efficiency of the nanotube-based approach.
Efficient ion transport plays a critical role in a wide range of industrial applications. When salts dissolve in water, they split into positively and negatively charged ions that travel through nanochannels at varying speeds. Managing and controlling this ion movement across membranes is essential for advancing technologies such as batteries, desalination systems, critical mineral extraction, and renewable energy generation.
Still, balancing fast ion movement with high selectivity remains a major scientific and engineering challenge. In this study, the researchers developed membranes containing millions of tiny boron nitride nanotubes, which have charged surfaces and unusual transport properties. When placed between solutions with different salt concentrations, the membranes allowed ions to pass through much more quickly than expected.
Lithium ions stood out in particular, moving about 31 times faster than predicted. The results also showed strong selectivity, with lithium ions traveling through the channels significantly faster than other types of ions.
To demonstrate the potential of the system, Kim and his team showed that the small membranes could generate enough energy from salt solutions to power simple electronic devices. Kim noted that they were able to operate a watch and a calculator using this approach.
The concept of producing electricity from ion movement is not new, and as Kim explained, electric eels use a similar principle in nature, generating electrical bursts by controlling ion flow across specialized cells known as electrocytes.
Electrocytes rely on ion channels to convert chemical gradients into electrical energy, a natural process that has long inspired efforts to replicate similar mechanisms in engineered systems, including the membranes developed in this study.
Going forward, Kim and his team aim to explore additional applications for the technology, with a particular focus on the nanotubes’ ability to separate lithium. He noted that the findings could potentially be used for lithium recovery from waste batteries, with the team also planning to investigate the underlying physics in more detail to better understand what drives the unusually fast ion transport observed in the system.
Scientists have developed an extremely small and highly efficient catalyst that could improve the production of green hydrogen, one of the cleanest fuels being explored for the future. The international research team, led by scientists from Tohoku University, Tokyo University of Science, Vanderbilt University and the University of Adelaide, created tiny clusters made from only […]
The post Tiny 15-atom iridium clusters could supercharge green hydrogen production appeared first on Knowridge Science Report.
Researchers have uncovered a critical mechanism behind battery failure in solid-state batteries, offering new insights that could help unlock safer, longer-lasting energy storage technologies. Every time a smartphone is charged or an electric vehicle is plugged in, billions of lithium ions move through a battery to store energy. Future devices could perform far better with [...]The activity is being carried out under a lease agreement with NorthStar that gives Zeno Power access to specialized nuclear-grade infrastructure, enabling initial deliveries to government customers as early as 2027, followed by a planned ramp-up in production capacity and targeting the ability to scale nuclear battery production from 2028 onward.
The work is based at the Vallecitos complex, a 1,600-acre site established in 1957 that once hosted the US’ first privately owned nuclear power plant and held Power Reactor License No. 1 issued by the Atomic Energy Commission. The site historically supported reactor research, fuel testing, and isotope production.
In March 2025, former operators finalized an agreement with NorthStar to carry out decommissioning and restoration of the wider facility. That remediation work will continue across the site in parallel with Zeno’s manufacturing operations within a designated hot cell area.
According to Zeno Power co-founder and CEO Tyler Bernstein, the Vallecitos site represents a foundational location in the history of US commercial nuclear energy, and the company intends to build on that legacy through its work on nuclear batteries for critical national missions.
The US firm has recently taken possession of initial decontaminated hot cells at the facility, which are heavily shielded rooms designed for the safe handling of radioactive materials. Non-radiological operations have already begun on site, while the start of radiological activities is expected later this year, pending regulatory approval.
The Vallecitos Nuclear Center holds existing decommissioning licenses from the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission and California regulators, along with rare hot cell infrastructure in the US. Hot cells are heavily shielded rooms that allow nuclear materials to be handled remotely using mechanical arms and lead-glass viewing systems, enabling safe assembly work involving radioactive components.
Zeno Power’s restoration of the facilities takes place within this licensed framework and existing infrastructure, while the company’s activities are also expected to support retention and development of nuclear-skilled labor as the site transitions through decommissioning and limited industrial reuse.
The expansion is expected to draw on engineering, nuclear, and operations expertise across Berkeley, Livermore, and Silicon Valley. The new facility will be Zeno Power’s third location, complementing existing offices and laboratories in Seattle, Washington, and Washington, D.C.
Alameda County Supervisor David Haubert described the project as a significant development for the region, citing high-skilled job creation, the retention of specialized nuclear expertise at Vallecitos, and increased economic activity. He said the investment positions Alameda County as a hub for advanced manufacturing supporting defense, space, and commercial applications.
Katie Marcel, CEO of Innovation Tri-Valley Leadership Group, noted that the organization welcomes Zeno Power to the region as it develops its nuclear battery production capabilities. The planned manufacturing activity at Vallecitos is positioned within broader US efforts to strengthen domestic radiological and nuclear infrastructure amid rising demand for nuclear energy applications.
The initiative is also described by the company as aligning with a White House’s executive order which outlines steps toward expanding the US nuclear sector. The company further notes that by using an existing licensed facility for production, the project contributes to ongoing efforts to reestablish parts of the domestic nuclear industrial base for long-term energy and mission-critical applications.
In recent years, the pressing issue of environmental sustainability has taken center stage across the globe, with particular emphasis on regions facing acute developmental and ecological challenges. Somalia, a nation historically beset by conflict and economic hardship, emerges as a potent case study in understanding how innovative approaches in energy use and financial inflows can synergistically influence ecological outcomes. New research by Hussein and Warsame, published in Scientific Reports in 2026, offers an illuminating analysis of how the adoption of clean cooking energy technologies, paired with the critical economic role of remittances, impacts Somalia’s ecological footprint in measurable ways.
Somalia’s environmental landscape is complex, marked by drought-prone land, limited infrastructure, and a reliance on biomass fuels such as charcoal and firewood for cooking and heating. These traditional practices have created intensive pressure on the country’s already fragile ecosystems, leading to increased deforestation, land degradation, and carbon emissions. The transition to clean cooking energy sources is thus not merely a technological upgrade; it represents a potential paradigm shift towards substantially reducing environmental harm. Hussein and Warsame’s study provides a detailed evaluation of how this transition, supported by economic inflows from abroad in the form of remittances, influences Somalia’s environmental sustainability trajectory.
Clean cooking energy technology largely encompasses alternatives such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), solar cookers, improved biomass stoves, and biogas systems. These technologies are designed to burn fuel more efficiently or switch to renewable energy sources, thereby reducing particulate matter emissions and carbon footprints. According to the research, the adoption of these technologies in Somali households correlates with a marked decrease in health hazards associated with indoor air pollution as well as a diminution in the rate of deforestation. The shift alleviates the ecological strain imposed by traditional fuel use, contributing significantly to sustainability goals.
Remittances, financial resources sent from the Somali diaspora to families in the home country, play a critical role in enabling the adoption of clean cooking technologies. Hussein and Warsame emphasize the economic empowerment remittances provide, facilitating investments in household technology that may otherwise be unattainable due to poverty. This link between remittance flows and environmental improvement is a novel concept, highlighting a socio-economic mechanism that can drive sustainable development in fragile states. The paper’s data-driven insights suggest that remittance-receiving households are substantially more likely to invest in clean energy solutions, thus mitigating their ecological footprint.
From a technical standpoint, understanding the ecological footprint encompasses measuring the aggregate environmental impacts of resource consumption and waste generation. Hussein and Warsame utilize a rigorous methodology incorporating both satellite data on environmental degradation and household-level survey data. This mixed-method approach enables a nuanced understanding of how macroeconomic factors, like remittances, intersect with micro-level behavioral changes relating to energy use. Their results demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in per capita ecological footprints within communities with higher access to clean cooking energy, amplified by remittance income.
One of the pivotal challenges outlined in the study is the availability and affordability of clean cooking technologies in Somalia. Market constraints, supply chain issues, and political instability present formidable barriers. Yet, the data reveal a growing acceptance and preference for cleaner energy amid urban and semi-urban populations. The research advocates for policy frameworks that bolster supply networks, subsidize initial costs, and encourage innovations tailored to local contexts. These technical and economic interventions could serve as blueprints for other nations grappling with similar environmental and social dynamics.
The implications of this research extend beyond Somalia’s borders, illuminating a model where socio-economic and technological factors combine to create pathways toward sustainability in developing regions. Hussein and Warsame argue for an integrated approach that treats environmental issues not in isolation but as interconnected with economic livelihoods and social structures. The nexus of remittances and clean energy adoption is a critical finding, emphasizing how diaspora networks act as agents of sustainable change, channeling not only money but also knowledge and technology.
Importantly, the study also engages with the gender dimension of clean cooking energy adoption. Women, who traditionally bear the brunt of household cooking duties, stand to benefit significantly from cleaner cooking options through reduced exposure to hazardous smoke and the alleviation of labor associated with fuel collection. Remittances contribute here as well by enabling women’s access to these technologies, thus improving health outcomes and catalyzing broader social empowerment. This multifaceted impact underscores the intersectionality of environmental and social sustainability.
In terms of ecological metrics, Hussein and Warsame’s quantitative assessment captures reductions across several dimensions—carbon emissions, land use change, and biodiversity loss. Cleaner cooking energy reduces carbon monoxide, methane, and particulate emissions, all major contributors to climate change and respiratory illnesses. Reduced reliance on charcoal extraction leads to forest conservation, mitigating soil erosion and preserving biodiversity hotspots. This suite of environmental benefits is critical in a region frequently vulnerable to climate-induced shocks.
The technical backbone of this research includes the use of geospatial analysis to monitor environmental degradation patterns over time, coupled with econometric modeling to parse out the specific impacts of remittances and energy adoption on ecological footprints. This fusion of environmental science and economic analysis is innovative and critical for policy makers to design targeted interventions. The data sets employed are unique, combining remote sensing with social surveys to provide a holistic picture rarely captured in similar studies.
The ripple effects of these findings also touch on Somalia’s energy policy landscape. The government, alongside international donors and NGOs, is increasingly oriented towards promoting renewable energy uptake and sustainable development under the country’s national strategy frameworks. Hussein and Warsame’s research offers empirical backing to these initiatives by quantifying the environmental returns on investment in clean cooking infrastructure and diaspora engagement. Their work strengthens the case for scaling such interventions in fragile socio-political environments.
Furthermore, the research addresses challenges in ensuring long-term sustainability and scalability of clean cooking energy interventions. While initial uptake driven by remittance income is promising, the study highlights potential risks including reliance on imported fuels like LPG and fluctuations in remittance flows due to global economic shifts. The authors suggest that a diversified energy strategy encompassing solar, biogas, and locally sourced renewable fuels could foster resilience and greater ecological benefits in the long run.
This study also contributes to the ongoing discourse on global climate justice by contextualizing Somalia’s environmental challenges within historical inequalities and economic constraints. The authors argue that international cooperation and climate financing mechanisms should recognize the role of diaspora remittances as an informal yet powerful climate action enabler. Harnessing this dynamic could complement formal climate aid and investment, thereby enabling countries like Somalia to leapfrog to cleaner energy futures.
Critically, this pioneering research underscores the necessity for interdisciplinary approaches to tackle environmental sustainability. Combining technological innovation, economic flows, social behavior, and environmental assessment produces a robust analytical framework. This holistic perspective is essential to unravel the complexities faced by developing nations, where environmental degradation is often intertwined with economic vulnerability and political instability.
In conclusion, Hussein and Warsame’s 2026 publication in Scientific Reports offers a compelling narrative on how clean cooking energy and remittances jointly influence Somalia’s ecological footprint, presenting a replicable model for sustainability in resource-constrained settings. Their work pushes forward the agenda on integrating socio-economic factors with environmental technology adoption, providing a roadmap for future research, policy development, and international cooperation. As nations worldwide strive toward the Sustainable Development Goals, insights from Somalia remind us that innovative pathways can emerge even in the most challenging contexts, driven by the interplay of technology, finance, and social capital.
Subject of Research: Environmental sustainability in Somalia, focusing on the impact of clean cooking energy adoption and remittance flows on ecological footprints.
Article Title: Environmental sustainability in Somalia: the role of clean cooking energy and remittances on ecological footprints.
Article References: Hussein, H.A., Warsame, A.A. Environmental sustainability in Somalia: the role of clean cooking energy and remittances on ecological footprints. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-57469-3
Image Credits: AI Generated
Taiwanese battery manufacturer ProLogium and Dutch aerospace firm Elysian Aircraft have signed a Memorandum of Understanding to assess the use of next-generation lithium ceramic batteries in large-scale passenger airplanes.
“Aviation applications place extremely high demands on battery energy density, safety, and weight efficiency, which is why careful and rigorous assessment and validation are essential,” said Vincent Yang, founder and CEO of ProLogium.
The technical parameters of the agreement require the development of battery cells that can function within complete battery packs featuring an energy density between 320 and 420 Wh/kg. This energy density is intended to satisfy the physical requirements of large commercial aircraft designed to fly routes between 750 and 1,000 kilometers (465 miles to 621 miles) on a single charge.
The agreement establishes two distinct areas for technical assessment. The first area involves standard compatibility testing, which determines if ProLogium’s current battery architectures can integrate directly into existing aviation electrical systems without structural modifications.
The second area focuses on custom development, where engineers will design new battery cell variations specifically to meet the unique safety standards, structural dimensions, and weight limitations required for commercial aerospace applications.
Commercial electric flight has previously faced limitations because standard lithium-ion batteries do not offer enough energy relative to their total weight. Solid-state and lithium ceramic designs reduce total weight and increase safety parameters by replacing liquid electrolytes with stable solid materials.
“However, aviation applications impose highly stringent requirements on battery system safety standards, reliability, weight management, and certification, and such technologies must still undergo careful validation and long-term development,” noted the company in a press release.
The companies will also evaluate the logistics of establishing manufacturing facilities and supply chains within Europe. Sourcing materials and assembling battery packs near Elysian’s operational facilities is intended to shorten international shipping distances.
“By assessing local supply and manufacturing capabilities in Europe, there may be opportunities to shorten cross-regional transportation distances, strengthen supply chain resilience, and further reduce the overall carbon footprint from a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) perspective,” explained the press release.
The company originally developed a battery architecture utilizing a 100% ceramic separator in 2013. In 2025, the manufacturer introduced a superfluidized all-inorganic lithium ceramic battery design intended to be manufactured on automated, high-volume assembly lines to control production costs.
Executives from both organizations stated that cell capacity alone cannot solve the challenges of electric aviation, as flight requires specific system integration, safety profiles, and weight reduction. The assessment process will evaluate how these cell architectures function when scaled into full aircraft modules.
The formal discussions under this memorandum aim to establish whether next-generation battery physics can realistically meet the operational demands of large-scale, zero-emission commercial passenger flights.
“Battery technology is a key enabler for electric aviation, but aviation requires far beyond cell performance alone,” concluded Rob Wolleswinkel, Co-CEO and CTO of Elysian Aircraft.
“Through this MoU with ProLogium, we look forward to exploring how next generation battery technology could support safe, scalable, and zero-emission aviation.”
The cackhanded pursuit of Net Zero by Ed Miliband and his predecessors has left Britain having to pay France and other countries to take excess power off our hands for a significant part of the year.
The post Net Zero Leaves Britain Paying France to Take Our Power appeared first on The Daily Sceptic.
Lanchester Wines in north-east England uses heat from a disused coalmine to maintain wine temperatures and with 23,000 flooded mines in the UK, there’s huge potential for more businesses and homes to follow its lead
Shove them in a fridge, stash them in a cellar – this is how most people store their favourite bottles of wine. But if you have warehouses full of thousands of vintages, you have to think a little differently.
For the last eight winters, Lanchester Wines has used heat from a disused coalmine to maintain ideal storage temperatures at its facilities in the north-east of England, helping to prevent freezing or spoilage.
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© Photograph: Posed by models; The Good Brigade/Getty Images
© Photograph: Posed by models; The Good Brigade/Getty Images
© Photograph: Posed by models; The Good Brigade/Getty Images
Apart from effort to electrify, there were geopolitical tensions around climate science and the 1.5C goal at pre-Cop31 climate talks
Electrifying the world – with electric vehicles, electric heating and cooling, and modernised heavy industry – could be the next biggest step towards phasing out fossil fuels, replacing the 80% of global energy that still comes from hydrocarbons. As using electrical energy is much more efficient than combustion, the move would save billions of dollars for consumers and businesses – global energy demand could be halved, according to one estimate.
For decades, electrification has been a nerdish backwater of global climate action. But in the last two weeks, at preparatory talks in Bonn before the forthcoming UN Cop31 climate summit, the subject finally took centre stage.
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© Photograph: Filip Singer/EPA
© Photograph: Filip Singer/EPA
© Photograph: Filip Singer/EPA
Scientists have demonstrated a new plasma-based process that converts wet coffee waste into high-performance biochar without any pre-drying treatment. The technology could address one of the biggest challenges in biomass recycling while creating a valuable source of renewable fuel.
Developed by researchers at the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), the system converts moisture-rich coffee grounds into carbon-rich biochar in less than two minutes. The resulting material delivers an energy content comparable to anthracite coal, offering a potential pathway for turning difficult waste streams into useful resources. Researchers believe the technology could help reduce waste disposal costs while expanding opportunities for decentralized waste-to-energy systems.
High moisture content has long complicated efforts to recover energy from organic waste. Most biomass conversion technologies require a separate drying stage before processing, increasing costs and energy use.
The KIGAM team designed its Flame Plasma Pyrolysis system to eliminate that requirement. The process uses plasma flames generated through the combustion of liquefied petroleum gas and compressed air. Those flames reach temperatures between approximately 1,470°F and 1,650°F, allowing the system to process wet biomass directly.
Instead of hindering conversion, moisture helps drive the process. As water trapped inside coffee particles rapidly turns into steam, pressure builds and creates microscopic explosions. Researchers describe the phenomenon as a “popcorn effect.” The bursts break apart the biomass structure, increase porosity, and accelerate carbonization. Under optimized conditions, the system achieved complete conversion in just 90 seconds.
The resulting biochar delivered a heating value of 29.0 MJ/kg, roughly 33% higher than untreated coffee grounds. Researchers said the material performs similarly to anthracite coal. The treatment also nearly tripled fixed carbon content, increasing it from 15.6% to 46.2%. At the same time, it completely removed sulfur compounds, helping prevent sulfur dioxide emissions during combustion.
Researchers observed another significant improvement in the material’s structure. Its specific surface area increased dramatically, creating a highly porous carbon product. Those characteristics could make the biochar useful beyond fuel applications. Potential uses include activated carbon production, filtration systems, and industrial adsorption materials. The process also generated minimal smoke and tar compared with conventional biomass treatment methods.
Speed is one of the technology’s key advantages. Hydrothermal carbonization systems often require one to six hours to process biomass, while torrefaction can take 30 minutes or longer. Flame Plasma Pyrolysis completes the conversion in less than two minutes. Researchers said the system also reduces energy demand by using combustion-generated plasma rather than electricity-intensive plasma devices.
Although the study focused on spent coffee grounds, the team believes the technology could process other high-moisture waste streams, including food waste, sewage sludge, and agricultural residues. Lead author Dr. Taejun Park said the technology offers a new way to view organic waste. Instead of treating it as a disposal problem, industries could use it as a source of energy and valuable carbon materials. The team plans to expand the process to additional waste types and continue optimizing it for commercial-scale deployment.
The study is published in the journal Chemical Engineering Journal.
A planned advanced nuclear energy campus in Ohio has taken a major step toward securing reactor fuel, one of the industry’s most critical resources. Oklo and Centrus have signed a letter of intent that could provide enough domestically produced high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU) to support up to five Aurora reactors for several years. The fuel would come from Centrus’ enrichment facility in Pike County, Ohio, with deliveries expected to begin in 2029.
The agreement addresses a growing challenge for the advanced nuclear sector. While several next-generation reactor designs continue to move toward commercialization, access to U.S.-produced HALEU remains limited. Developers and fuel suppliers have increasingly sought long-term agreements to reduce uncertainty around future reactor deployments.
Under the proposed arrangement, Centrus would supply fuel for Oklo’s planned 1.2-gigawatt clean energy campus in southern Ohio. The agreement could also include advance payments that support future fuel production and strengthen supply certainty for the project.
The deal links fuel production with a specific reactor deployment strategy. Industry leaders have repeatedly identified fuel availability as one of the biggest hurdles facing advanced nuclear development in the United States.
Earlier this year, Oklo announced a power agreement with Meta that included prepayment provisions designed to support project development. The latest fuel arrangement follows a similar approach by connecting future customer demand with long-term fuel supply planning.
Jacob DeWitte, Oklo’s co-founder and chief executive, said the agreement brings together several key elements needed for advanced nuclear deployment, including fuel, power generation and customer demand. He added that southern Ohio’s nuclear expertise and skilled workforce position the region to support future reactor construction.
The agreement also highlights the growing role of southern Ohio in the domestic nuclear supply chain. Centrus continues to expand enrichment operations in Pike County as demand for advanced reactor fuel grows. The company plans to combine private investment with previously announced federal support aimed at increasing domestic HALEU production capacity.
Industry officials view enrichment as a strategic capability because many advanced reactor designs require HALEU fuel. Expanding U.S. production could reduce dependence on foreign sources while supporting a new generation of nuclear power plants.
Amir Vexler, president and chief executive of Centrus, described the agreement as an important step toward establishing a reliable fuel supply for next-generation reactors. He said connecting domestic fuel production with advanced reactor deployment could help create a stronger foundation for future nuclear growth in the United States.
Alongside the fuel agreement, Oklo has signed a memorandum of understanding with Kiewit Nuclear Solutions to support engineering, procurement, and construction planning for its initial Aurora reactor deployments.
Oklo’s Aurora reactors use liquid-metal cooling and require relatively little water compared with conventional nuclear plants. The reactors are designed to provide reliable carbon-free electricity under a build-own-operate model.
If the project moves forward as planned, it could demonstrate how fuel suppliers, reactor developers and infrastructure partners can work together to accelerate advanced nuclear deployment in the United States.
At the cutting edge of aerospace, energy, and computing, material innovation stands as a critical frontier. Traditionally, companies seeking to enhance the performance and resilience of metals encounter formidable challenges: understanding the intricate behavior of novel materials under real-world conditions often necessitates actual physical synthesis and testing. This step has remained indispensable because even the most sophisticated computational simulations struggle to capture the full complexity of atomic arrangements inherent in many solid materials, particularly metallic alloys. The result is a costly and time-consuming cycle that slows progress in material science and engineering.
A breakthrough has now emerged from a team of researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), who have devised a computational framework that promises to transform the way metals are modeled across diverse compositions. Central to this innovation are advanced machine-learning algorithms designed to predict the properties of chemically complex metal alloys with unprecedented accuracy and efficiency. By refining the training datasets used to develop these models, the team has succeeded in encapsulating the vast heterogeneity of atomic environments that characterize disordered metallic materials, thereby enhancing predictive precision.
The research, detailed in a recent publication in the journal Science Advances, offers compelling evidence that machine-learning potentials, when constructed with carefully curated training data, can reliably simulate material properties spanning a broad spectrum of metal alloys and operational conditions. This methodological advancement stands to significantly reduce reliance on expensive experimental validation, enabling faster development cycles and more cost-effective exploration of alloy design spaces.
Rodrigo Freitas, MIT’s TDK Career Development Professor of Materials Science and Engineering and senior author on the paper, emphasizes the versatility of this approach. While the study focuses primarily on metallic alloys—a domain fraught with chemical disorder—the underlying principles and techniques have the potential to be adapted for other classes of materials, including semiconductors and sustainable steels. Freitas envisions wide-ranging applications, from aerospace materials engineered for extreme environments to novel components in energy systems and beyond.
The crux of the challenge in modeling metals lies in capturing the influence of intrinsic chemical disorder on material properties. Two alloys with identical elemental compositions can exhibit starkly different mechanical behaviors depending on their atomic-scale structure; one might be brittle, while another offers impressive ductility. Computational models must therefore operate at the atomic level, simulating interactions between individual atoms to predict macroscopic properties. Over the past twenty years, machine learning has emerged as an indispensable tool for constructing these atomic interaction potentials. However, existing models conventionally assume ordered or near-ordered atomic arrangements, limiting their efficacy when faced with the irregular, heterogeneous atomic environments typical of real-world alloys.
Chemical disorder implies a staggering diversity of local atomic neighborhoods, each subtly unique in terms of bonding patterns and energetic stability. This diversity poses a formidable obstacle for machine learning, which relies heavily on representative training data to generalize effectively. Conventional data-generation approaches involve brute-force sampling, which is computationally prohibitive—often demanding upwards of 100,000 hours of supercomputer time for a single alloy—and lacking in adaptability when alloy compositions shift. Thus, the crux of the innovation lies in constructing training datasets that capture the widest possible range of relevant atomic configurations without redundancy.
Building on prior work where they quantified chemical complexity by analyzing the frequency and distribution of small atomic clusters, Freitas’ group has now developed an information-theoretic approach to optimize training data generation. Through a process of atomic substitutions and iterative refinements, they curate datasets that maximize the diversity of local chemical environments presented to the machine-learning models. This ensures that each training example uniquely contributes to the model’s learning, avoiding the pitfalls of repetitive and uninformative data.
Implemented in this way, the newly trained potentials exhibit marked improvements in predicting metallurgical properties compared to models trained on randomly sampled data or even other sophisticated sampling strategies. The fidelity of these simulations to true chemical bonding dynamics is critical; without it, models risk providing generic insights into material behavior rather than precise predictions applicable to specific alloys and practical conditions. This heightened level of chemical realism opens the door to highly reliable simulations that can stand in place of expensive, time-consuming lab tests.
The team put their methodology through rigorous validation against a variety of metal alloys, assessing the performance of their machine-learning models against industry-standard counterparts developed by tech giants like Google and Microsoft. Remarkably, the MIT-trained models consistently outperformed these much larger, computationally intensive models, demonstrating that thoughtful data curation can eclipse brute-force data volume in enhancing machine learning potentials.
Killian Sheriff, a lead author of the paper and a PhD candidate at MIT, spearheaded extensive testing across alloy systems and a wide array of material properties, supported by complementary efforts from colleagues Daniel Xiao, Yifan Cao, and University of Sheffield’s Lewis R. Owen, who contributed experimental data for benchmarking. This collaborative effort provided comprehensive evidence that the models could predict phase diagrams—a cornerstone of materials science that chart alloy phase stability across temperatures and compositions—with accuracy rivaling direct experimental observations.
Phase diagrams are particularly important because they inform practical metallurgical processes like welding, casting, and heat treatment. Accurately capturing the subtle energetic preferences for different atomic arrangements within alloys is essential to forecasting phase transformations and resultant material properties under various conditions. The models’ ability to reveal these “subtle energetic biases” is a testament to the deep chemical insight that machine-learning potentials can now attain.
Beyond phase stability, the researchers are actively deploying their technique to predict mechanical resilience and radiation damage tolerance in alloys—a critical consideration for materials operating in extreme environments such as nuclear reactors and aerospace applications. Their goal is to design alloys that maintain strength and resist degradation under stressors that include high temperatures, intense radiation, and mechanical loads.
A key element of this initiative is harmonizing these advanced computational tools with existing industrial workflows and engineering software. Freitas underscores the necessity of integrating these innovations seamlessly into current decision-making frameworks if they are to foster widespread adoption in materials development pipelines. This pragmatic orientation aims to ensure that the profound scientific advances translate swiftly and effectively into tangible industrial benefits.
The work has garnered support from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, reflecting its strategic significance for advanced materials in defense and aerospace contexts where performance margins are tight and failure costs are high. As industries seek materials that combine unmatched performance, sustainability, and economic viability, the MIT team’s contribution could represent a paradigm shift—linking detailed atomic-level understanding with scalable, robust material design accelerated by intelligent data-driven simulations.
By dismantling the bottleneck of excessive computational costs and enabling high-fidelity modeling of chemically complex alloys, this research charts a path toward rapid, informed innovation in materials science. With this toolkit in hand, scientists and engineers can explore uncharted compositional spaces more confidently, accelerating progress toward next-generation metals engineered for the demands of the future.
Subject of Research: Machine-learning models for atomic-level simulations of chemically disordered metal alloys
Article Title: Machine learning potentials for modeling alloys across compositions
News Publication Date: 19-Jun-2026
Web References: DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aea9951
References: Science Advances, 2026
Image Credits: Not provided
Materials science, Material properties, Metals, Alloys, Chemical disorder, Machine learning, Atomic simulations, Phase diagrams, Materials engineering, Computational materials science, Artificial intelligence, Chemistry
The United States has reached another milestone in its push to bring advanced nuclear technology from the drawing board to deployment. Valar Atomics announced that its Ward 250 reactor successfully achieved fueled criticality during testing at the Utah San Rafael Energy Lab in Emery County, Utah. The achievement means the reactor can now sustain a controlled nuclear chain reaction, a key step before any reactor can begin generating electricity.
The test also marks a notable first for the Department of Energy’s Reactor Pilot Program. Ward 250 became the first reactor authorized under the program to reach criticality outside a national laboratory, highlighting the government’s effort to accelerate commercial reactor development. Federal officials described the milestone as another sign that advanced nuclear projects are moving from concept to reality at a faster pace than in previous decades.
The Ward 250 reactor is the second advanced reactor expected to reach criticality under goals established by President Donald Trump’s May 2025 executive order. The order called for multiple advanced reactor demonstrations to achieve criticality before July 4, 2026. Earlier this month, Antares Nuclear reached the same milestone with its Mark-0 reactor at Idaho National Laboratory. Together, the projects represent some of the fastest-moving reactor demonstrations currently underway in the United States.
Moments ago, Valar Atomics took Ward 250 critical for the first time. This fulfills President Trump’s EO 14301, which called for 3 advanced reactors to go critical by July 4th.
— Isaiah Taylor – making nuclear reactors (@isaiah_p_taylor) June 18, 2026
This is our second criticality as a company, and an important step toward our goal of power by July 4. pic.twitter.com/ZNVgKSarfV
Energy Secretary Chris Wright said the achievement reflects growing momentum across the domestic nuclear sector. “Today marks another historic moment for America’s nuclear renaissance,” Wright said.
He pointed to several recent accomplishments, including the first airlift of a small reactor aboard a U.S. military C-17 aircraft. Wright said such milestones demonstrate how quickly advanced nuclear technologies are progressing under current federal initiatives.
Valar Atomics completed the reactor project in less than a year. According to founder and CEO Isaiah Taylor, the site was empty nine months ago. “Today, there’s a critical reactor on it, built and operated by the Valar team,” Taylor said.
The company developed Ward 250 as a power-producing reactor rather than a laboratory experiment. Achieving criticality confirms that the design can sustain the nuclear reactions required for future energy production.
Taylor credited support from the Department of Energy, Utah state officials, local communities, and project partners for helping the company meet its development goals.
The Department of Energy launched the Reactor Pilot Program to shorten development timelines for first-of-a-kind advanced reactors. The initiative uses existing DOE authority to authorize reactor demonstrations while developers continue working toward commercial licensing pathways.
Officials view the program as a way to reduce barriers that have historically slowed nuclear innovation in the United States. Building on the program’s early progress, the Department recently introduced the Nuclear Energy Launch Pad. The effort aims to further accelerate testing, validation, and deployment of advanced reactor technologies.
The Reactor Pilot Program ultimately seeks to bring at least three advanced reactor concepts to criticality outside national laboratories. Federal officials believe the approach can help restore U.S. leadership in nuclear energy while expanding access to reliable, around-the-clock power generation.
High-performance computing is moving into international waters to solve the dual challenges of energy availability and hardware cooling. US-based tech startup Panthalassa recently finalized a $140 million Series B investment round to scale production on its self-propelled maritime data platforms.
“There are three sources of energy on the planet with tens of terawatts of new capacity potential: solar, nuclear, and the open ocean,” said Garth Sheldon-Coulson, Co-Founder and CEO of Panthalassa.
This capital injection will fund the completion of an assembly facility near Portland, Oregon, and accelerate a pilot deployment in the northern Pacific Ocean later this year.
“As demand for new electricity and computing continues to surge, terrestrial data centers face mounting constraints: limited grid capacity, cooling water scarcity, supply chain bottlenecks, permitting delays, and impacts on local communities and infrastructure,” said the company in a press release.
Residential communities frequently organize against new data center construction out of concern over increased utility costs, noise pollution, and the diversion of public resources.
Panthalassa evades these regional regulatory and environmental obstacles by deploying autonomous computing nodes directly into deep water.
“Panthalassa’s nodes are autonomous, floating energy systems that are mass-produced from plate steel in coastal factories,” added the press release. “They operate in the distant ocean, where they generate clean electricity around the clock.”
Onboard mechanical systems convert the kinetic movement of waves into a steady supply of electricity, establishing a continuous power source that functions independently of weather-dependent terrestrial renewables like solar or wind.
The entire data processing cycle occurs directly on the water. Instead of using undersea cables to send raw electricity back to coastlines, the platforms consume the power immediately to run onboard artificial intelligence hardware.
The surrounding ocean operates as a perpetual thermal sink, providing natural cooling that maintains optimal chip temperatures and slows hardware degradation without consuming municipal freshwater.
For data transmission, the system relies on low-Earth-orbit satellite networks to receive incoming commands and broadcast completed AI inference tokens back to terrestrial clients.
“Rather than transmitting energy back to terrestrial grids, Panthalassa uses it directly onboard to power AI chips, sending inference tokens to land by satellite,” explained the company.
The upcoming deployment of the Ocean-3 pilot series represents the culmination of a ten-year development timeline. Panthalassa previously conducted oceanic field tests using its Ocean-1, Ocean-2, and Wavehopper designs in 2021 and 2024 to verify the stability of its power generation and navigational software.
The scheduled Pacific trials will focus on processing active computing workloads and standardizing manufacturing protocols in preparation for widespread commercial availability in 2027.
By utilizing remote marine environments, the architecture opens up a vast energy resource without adding traffic to domestic power infrastructures or requiring new land-based power plants.
Financial backers and corporate partners indicate that moving high-density computing to the ocean offers a viable template for scaling global technology infrastructure while mitigating the economic and ecological impact on civilian communities.
“We’ve built a technology platform that operates in the planet’s most energy-dense wave regions, far from shore, and turns that resource into reliable clean power,” concluded Sheldon-Coulson. “We’re now ready to build factories, deploy fleets, and provide a sustainable new source of energy for humanity.”
Germany has recently launched a multimillion-dollar fusion research hub, which will explore the extreme states of matter that exist deep inside stars and planets.
The new High Energy Density Initiative (HEDI) was unveiled by the University of Rostock and the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) on June 18. It will reportedly investigate the matter under extreme conditions similar to those found in stars and giant planets.
The event was attended by Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Minister-President Manuela Schwesig and Saxony Minister-President Michael Kretschmer. It also drew other participants from politics, academia, and industry.
Dorothee Bär, Federal Minister for Research, Technology and Space, emphasized the importance of the initiative. “HEDI will investigate what happens to the fuel under the extreme conditions of laser fusion,” Bär highlighted. “To achieve this, outstanding experimental and theoretical expertise must be brought together across state borders and in cooperation with the federal government.”
Fusion energy is regarded as one of the most promising long-term solutions for producing large amounts of climate-neutral electricity. Yet, many of the physical processes that occur during fusion reactions remain poorly understood.
To tackle the issue, HEDI will focus on studying how matter behaves at extremely high temperatures and pressures. As part of the program, HZDR also established the new Institute of High Energy Density Physics. It was founded in early June and is funded jointly by the German federal government and the state of Saxony.
The state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania is investing USD 23 million (EUR 20 million) to support the construction of a novel research facility that is expected to be completed by 2030.
Michael Kretschmer, Minister-President of the Free State of Saxony, said that the investment is set to create an internationally visible center of excellence that will attract leading scientists and secure additional funding for the region.
“Saxony is a strong center for science and research, with excellent universities and research institutions,” Kretschmer explained. “Fusion research offers tremendous opportunities for a secure, climate-neutral, and long-term energy supply.”
One of the hub’s basic goals is to refine the understanding of inertial confinement fusion (ICF). This fusion approach relies on powerful laser pulses to compress and ignite fusion fuel. In addition, researchers will also investigate warm dense matter and hot dense matter. These exotic states naturally exist inside stars and planets.
As per the team, studying how materials react under such conditions is crucial for fusion energy technologies. The first big projects will involve analyzing mixtures of light elements at megabar pressures and the dynamic properties of hot dense matter at gigabar pressures.
HEDI will collaborate closely with the European XFEL, as well as a broad network of national and international partners. It will also participate in Germany’s Fusion 2040 funding program. What’s more, it has already established a partnership with Marvel Fusion, a Munich-based firm developing laser-based fusion technologies.
“The major challenges of fusion research can only be overcome through a deep understanding of the properties of matter under extreme conditions,” Ronald Redmer, PhD, HEDI’s founding director, said in a press release. “HEDI creates the scientific foundation needed to answer these questions.”
Honeywell has announced that its modular refining technology and automation systems will be used in a major renewable fuels project by Acelen Renewables in Bahia, Brazil.
The project is a new development focused on producing sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and renewable diesel. Honeywell said its modular Ecofining process technology, along with specialized pumps, compressors, and integrated control and safety systems, will help Acelen Renewables make construction and operations at the site more efficient.
Industry forecasts show that demand for SAF could reach almost 500,000 barrels per day in the next ten years. As airlines and governments work to cut emissions, fuel producers are looking for ways to boost output while keeping costs and project schedules under control.
A main feature of Honeywell’s role is its modular delivery model. Rather than relying solely only traditional site-built infrastructure, modular units can be assembled and installed more efficiently, helping shorten construction time and lower project costs.
The company said this method lets renewable fuel facilities start production sooner than with traditional methods. Getting facilities up and running faster is becoming more important as aviation companies look for more low-emission fuel to meet future sustainability goals.
The Bahia project is expected to help grow Brazil’s renewable fuel industry. With its rich agricultural resources, the country is aiming to become a leader in producing next-generation biofuels.
“Brazil is set to produce the fuel of the future through a project that is sustainable—economically, socially, and environmentally,” said Marcelo Cordaro, COO of Acelen Renewables. “The Bahia facility project supports biodiversity and fosters an economy based on sustainability. Honeywell’s process technology and automation expertise will help maximize the production of lower-emission fuels at our facility, supporting the growing global demand for renewable fuels.”
Honeywell UOP’s Ecofining technology, developed with Eni SpA, is central to the project. This process turns waste fats, oils, and greases into renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel.
According to the company, the SAF produced can cut greenhouse gas emissions by up to 80 percent when mixed with regular jet fuel. The technology enables producers to use a wide range of waste-based feedstocks that might otherwise have little value.
In addition to fuel processing technology, Honeywell will supply integrated automation and safety systems for the facility. These systems bring together process controls and operational know-how to help manage plant performance and lower project risks.
The company’s technology is built into its Experion PKS platform, which supports monitoring, safety management, and operational decision-making. It said the platform also offers digital tools and data insights that can boost plant efficiency over time.
Biofuel facilities are increasingly using automation to improve production rates, maintain reliable operations, and support long-term success.
The company believes that new technology will be key to making renewable fuels more competitive worldwide. Lowering production costs is seen as essential for wider use in aviation and transportation.
“Honeywell’s low-carbon process technologies are enabling companies like Acelen to address the growing demand for renewable fuels by using a variety of feedstocks,” said Ken West, president and CEO of Honeywell Process Technology. “Technology and integrated automation play a pivotal role in reducing the cost of renewable fuels, which is essential for broad adoption. Advances in Honeywell’s technology have reduced the cost to produce SAF, and the use of novel, low-cost feedstocks will help further reduce production costs.”
It also noted that it has delivered over 1,500 modular process units worldwide using different technologies.
Terrestrial Energy has secured exclusive access to 77 acres at the Texas A&M-RELLIS campus to advance engineering preparations for a small modular nuclear power plant. The signed ground lease and research and development agreements allow the company to conduct physical testing and environmental site characterization.
This data collection is required before submitting a construction permit application to the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
This development follows two regulatory and technical milestones achieved by Terrestrial Energy earlier this year. In April 2026, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission completed a safety evaluation of the company’s methodology for identifying and analyzing potential reactor accidents.
This assessment is built on a late 2025 regulatory milestone, during which the agency approved the core engineering design criteria for the system. In May 2026, the company entered a separate agreement with Riot Platforms to study how this reactor design can support large-scale computing infrastructure, targeting up to 4 gigawatts of total power capacity.
The planned facility uses an Integral Molten Salt Reactor, which represents a shift from traditional light-water nuclear plants. Traditional reactors use solid uranium fuel rods cooled by water under high pressure. In contrast, this Generation IV design mixes low-enriched uranium fuel directly into a liquid salt mixture. The liquid functions simultaneously as the fuel matrix and the heat transfer fluid.
This liquid state alters the safety profile of the system. If power is lost, the liquid salt can cool by natural air circulation without requiring active electrical backup pumps to prevent overheating. The reactor operates at high temperatures but at normal atmospheric pressure. This low-pressure environment reduces the physical risk of a containment breach compared to high-pressure water systems.
The reactor is engineered as a small modular unit. This allows major components to be fabricated in a factory environment and transported by truck or rail to the site for assembly, rather than being built entirely on-site. The facility is designed to generate both electricity and high-temperature industrial heat. This thermal energy output can be directed to industrial applications, such as chemical synthesis, or to localized power grids.
The 77-acre site at the RELLIS Energy Proving Ground will host multiple validation projects. Terrestrial Energy has established an engineering and project management office on the campus to oversee these activities. Under a master research agreement finalized in the first quarter of 2026, university researchers and company engineers will collaborate on testing procedures.
The site will support the primary reactor project, alongside two initiatives managed in partnership with the US Department of Energy, TETRA and TEFLA. Engineers will focus on verifying how the system’s materials withstand high thermal stress and radiation over time. The project also includes local workforce development to train technicians on the specific maintenance protocols required for liquid-fueled systems.
The regional power grid, operated by the Electric Reliability Council of Texas, faces rising demand from advanced manufacturing facilities, industrial operations, and data centers. These installations require a continuous baseline power supply that is not affected by weather conditions.
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