Energy Environ. Sci., 2026, 19,3612-3628
DOI: 10.1039/D6EE00273K, Paper

Jun Bum Park, Minje Ryu, Eui-Yeon Jeong, Young Gyun Choi, Sung Hyun Cho, Seok Yun Kim, Byungwook Kang, Kisuk Kang, Seong-Min Bak, Jong Hyeok Park
Co₃O₄ dry coating and post-annealing introduces a concentration–structure dual-gradient in high-Ni/low-Co single-crystal NCM. This architecture accelerates electron transport and stabilizes the surface, improving rate capability and durability.
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