Airline operations across the UK have reportedly resumed following an air traffic control failure that cancelled over 2,000 flights and left hundreds of thousands of travelers stranded at airports throughout the country.

British airports restarted operations on Wednesday, September 9, after the hours-long shutdown a day earlier. London-based aviation data and analytics company, Cirium, reported that around 1,750 flights were cancelled Tuesday, September 8.

The National Air Traffic Services (NATS), UK’s air traffic control body, reported that the departure disruption was caused by a “technical issue” in its flight processing system. Heathrow, Gatwick, Manchester, and Birmingham experienced the most severe delays.

Reports said more than 290 further flights were cancelled on Wednesday. The first day saw 30 percent of departures grounded. Cirium revealed that the figure fell to five percent the following day.

Martin Rolfe, NATS CEO, apologized to the travelers affected by the reported “IT failure”. However, Yvonne Moynihan, Wizz Air UK managing director, and Neal McMahon, Ryanair COO, have both called on Rolfe to resign over the recurring technical issues.

UK flights come to a halt

The issue began Tuesday following a technical problem at NATS, the company in charge of Britain’s air traffic control system. The failure led to the cancellation of more than 2,000 flights and stranded hundreds of thousands of passengers.

According to the media, Ryanair was among the hardest-hit carriers. The airline said approximately 150,000 of its passengers were affected and that it canceled more than 200 flights. British Airways, meanwhile, canceled or diverted around 100 flights, affecting tens of thousands of passengers.

Rolfe disclosed that the organization was investigating the incident and believed the problem was different from those behind previous failures. However, while he apologized for the disruption and said that a cyberattack had been ruled out, he was summoned to meet Transport Minister Heidi Alexander on Wednesday.

Alexander urged all passengers to “continue to check with airlines” to confirm if their flights were operating as scheduled. “I am seeking assurances that lessons will be learned and systems that support aviation are up to the job,” she said on the social media platform X.

Earlier issues spark concern

The disruption has nevertheless raised fresh questions over the resilience of the UK’s air traffic infrastructure. Tuesday’s outage was not the first major technical problem to hit Britain’s air traffic network in recent years.

A system failure in August 2023 caused widespread cancellations during one of the busiest travel periods of the year. It apparently cost airlines around USD 135 million (GBP 100 million). Another technical problem emerged in July 2025 when a radar-related fault disrupted flights at major airports, including Heathrow.

In an interview with Reuters, Michael O’Leary, Ryanair CEO, said the outage was a repeat of the 2023 shutdown caused by a rogue flight plan. “Fire him. He’s been there since 2015. He is useless,” O’Leary said.

The firm also issued a statement saying that over 65,000 of its passengers were affected by the outage. “How many more failures do passengers have to suffer before overpaid failure NATS CEO, Martin Rolfe, accepts responsibility for his repeated mismanagement and resigns,” McMahon noted. “Families traveling on holiday, people traveling for work and thousands of visitors to the UK have once again paid the price for NATS’ abhorrent failure,” he added.

Moynihan also joined Ryanair in calling on Rolfe to resign. “I think in any industry, when you’ve had three failures, you need to consider that three strikes and you’re out. So I think it’s certainly something that he needs to look at,” she said. “A third time and a third excuse is not enough anymore.”

Rolfe took full responsibility for the incident. He has been given one week to investigate what happened and report his findings to Alexander.

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One of the world’s leading technology companies, Nvidia, has just unveiled a new data center cooling system that uses a liquid coolant hotter than a hot tub to cut energy consumption.

The Californian company’s latest Rubin platform can operate using liquid coolant at temperatures up to 113 degrees Fahrenheit (45 degrees Celsius). The approach greatly reduces the need for energy-intensive chillers and cooling infrastructure.

According to the company, the feat is part of the DSX AI factory reference design, which introduces fully liquid-cooled infrastructure throughout the entire system. Every processor, networking part, and high-performance computing element is cooled by liquid in a closed-loop system.

Ali Heydari, Nvidia data center cooling and infrastructure director, noted that the DSX AI factory design reduces nearly all water use and cuts a substantial amount of the power necessary for cooling. “With dry-cooler-based designs, it’s a closed-loop system with no evaporative water cooling – outside of maybe one percent of the year when we might need chillers in some climates,” he added.

A new cooling method

Cooling has accounted for up to 40 percent of total power demand. Traditional data centers utilize large volumes of cooled air to remove the heat generated by servers. This requires extensive cooling infrastructure, like fans, chillers, cooling towers, and carefully managed hot and cold aisles.

Meanwhile, Nvidia’s Rubin platform captures heat directly at the chip level. It can reportedly reduce cooling water consumption from about 2.6 million gallons per megawatt per year to almost zero in suitable climates.

The system relies on a liquid coolant made up of 75 percent water and 25 percent propylene glycol, which circulates through cold plates attached to processors. The liquid enters at temperatures of up to 113 degrees Fahrenheit and exits at about 131 degrees Fahrenheit (55 degrees Celsius), once it absorbs the heat generated by the chips.

Since the heat is removed directly from the source, the processors can continue operating at full performance even with much warmer coolant temperatures than traditional cooling systems would allow.

Lower energy and water use

As per Nvidia, the higher operating temperatures unlock considerable efficiency gains. Industry estimates suggest that increasing chiller temperatures by just 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit (one degree Celsius) can reduce cooling energy costs by four percent. In practice, this means that a 50-megawatt hyperscale facility can save more than USD four million per year in cooling-related energy and water costs by adopting liquid-cooled infrastructure.

“In the right geographic location, with the right system design, you don’t need any refrigeration equipment,” Richard Whitmore, president and CEO of Motivair, Schneider Electric’s advanced cooling division, pointed out. “You can just put big radiator coils outside and use the air temperature for all your cooling.”

The move to complete liquid cooling also required a major server redesign. Earlier liquid-cooled servers used a hybrid approach, cooling CPUs and GPUs with cold plates while relying on air cooling for other components.

Nvidia engineers reworked cooling pathways across the entire server and created a system that uses a single liquid loop to cool multiple high-power components. The redesign has also improved space efficiency. The company revealed that fully liquid-cooled servers can reach higher rack densities.

This allows more computing power to fit into a smaller footprint. “Once the watts per chip crossed a certain level, liquid cooling became mandatory,” Whitmore concluded in a press release.

Norway is preparing to move ahead with the construction of the world’s first ship tunnel after securing funding in the revised national budget, and completing the evaluation of contractor bids for the project.

The Norwegian Coastal Administration (Kystverket) announced that it is ready to sign a contract with the winning contractor for the Stad Ship Tunnel project. The government agency expects construction to begin in early 2027.

The decision follows after Norway’s center-left parties reached an agreement to include funding for the project in the revised national budget. Final approval by the Norwegian Parliament is expected by June 19.

“We have received the news regarding the ship tunnel,” Einar Vik Arset, Kystverket General Director, said. “We are ready to initiate the processes needed to facilitate a construction start in the beginning of 2027.”

World’s first ship tunnel

First mentioned in an article in the Nordre Bergenhus Amtstidende newspaper, in 1874, the Stad Ship Tunnel will be the world’s largest ship tunnel. Located on the Stadlandet Peninsula, it is expected to stretch 1.1 miles (1.7 kilometers) through solid rock, or 1.37 miles (2.2 kilometers) when entrance sections are included.

The tunnel will measure 164 feet (50 meters) in height and 118 feet (36 meters) in width. Officials noted that it will be excavated through the narrowest part of the peninsula, connecting Moldefjord and Kjødepollen in the Vanylvsfjord region. The dimensions are large enough to accommodate vessels up to the size of Norway’s famous Coastal Route ships, including the Hurtigruten fleet.

It will allow large cargo vessels, ferries, and cruise ships to bypass the Stadhavet Sea. The waters are considered among the most hazardous along Norway’s coast, with rough weather, powerful currents, and high waves contributing to more than 30 maritime deaths since World War II.

“This is a major project, but we have prepared thoroughly over several years,” Arset pointed out. “We are ready as soon as we receive instructions from the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries.”

According to Kystverket, about 81 percent of today’s ship traffic will be able to use the tunnel. Cruise ships will reportedly be limited to a speed of eight knots inside it. This will allow them to complete the passage in about 10 minutes.

Built for modern shipping

For its construction, Norway will excavate roughly three million cubic meters of rock. This is equivalent to around 750,000 truckloads of material. The project will rely on conventional drill-and-blast methods to carve the tunnel through hard gneiss rock beneath the peninsula.

Kystverket said that it has completed its review of bids from three consortiums competing for the project’s main construction contract. The final contenders include Norway’s AF Gruppen, France’s Eiffage Génie Civil, and a joint venture between Sweden’s Skanska and Norway’s Vassbakk & Stol.

“The evaluation has been completed,” Harald Inge Johnsen, one of the project’s manager, concluded in a press release. “Once the contract award is announced, there will be a standstill period for any complaints before the contract can be signed as planned.”

Additional contracts covering demolition work and new water infrastructure near the tunnel site are also ready to be tendered. The Stad Ship Tunnel is expected to improve navigational safety and reliability for maritime traffic along Norway’s rugged western coast.

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Germany has recently launched a multimillion-dollar fusion research hub, which will explore the extreme states of matter that exist deep inside stars and planets.

The new High Energy Density Initiative (HEDI) was unveiled by the University of Rostock and the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) on June 18. It will reportedly investigate the matter under extreme conditions similar to those found in stars and giant planets.

The event was attended by Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Minister-President Manuela Schwesig and Saxony Minister-President Michael Kretschmer. It also drew other participants from politics, academia, and industry.

Dorothee Bär, Federal Minister for Research, Technology and Space, emphasized the importance of the initiative. “HEDI will investigate what happens to the fuel under the extreme conditions of laser fusion,” Bär highlighted. “To achieve this, outstanding experimental and theoretical expertise must be brought together across state borders and in cooperation with the federal government.”

A physics research center

Fusion energy is regarded as one of the most promising long-term solutions for producing large amounts of climate-neutral electricity. Yet, many of the physical processes that occur during fusion reactions remain poorly understood.

To tackle the issue, HEDI will focus on studying how matter behaves at extremely high temperatures and pressures. As part of the program, HZDR also established the new Institute of High Energy Density Physics. It was founded in early June and is funded jointly by the German federal government and the state of Saxony.

The state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania is investing USD 23 million (EUR 20 million) to support the construction of a novel research facility that is expected to be completed by 2030.

Michael Kretschmer, Minister-President of the Free State of Saxony, said that the investment is set to create an internationally visible center of excellence that will attract leading scientists and secure additional funding for the region.

“Saxony is a strong center for science and research, with excellent universities and research institutions,” Kretschmer explained. “Fusion research offers tremendous opportunities for a secure, climate-neutral, and long-term energy supply.”

Understanding fusion fuel

One of the hub’s basic goals is to refine the understanding of inertial confinement fusion (ICF). This fusion approach relies on powerful laser pulses to compress and ignite fusion fuel. In addition, researchers will also investigate warm dense matter and hot dense matter. These exotic states naturally exist inside stars and planets.

As per the team, studying how materials react under such conditions is crucial for fusion energy technologies. The first big projects will involve analyzing mixtures of light elements at megabar pressures and the dynamic properties of hot dense matter at gigabar pressures.

HEDI will collaborate closely with the European XFEL, as well as a broad network of national and international partners. It will also participate in Germany’s Fusion 2040 funding program. What’s more, it has already established a partnership with Marvel Fusion, a Munich-based firm developing laser-based fusion technologies.

“The major challenges of fusion research can only be overcome through a deep understanding of the properties of matter under extreme conditions,” Ronald Redmer, PhD, HEDI’s founding director, said in a press release. “HEDI creates the scientific foundation needed to answer these questions.”

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Researchers in the US have built a new smart tool that has the ability to instantly spot abnormal power grid conditions that result in wildfires, equipment damage and blackouts.

The platform was developed by a research team at the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) located in Tennessee. It integrates artificial intelligence (AI) to rapidly analyze grid data.

According to the scientists, the technology uses advanced signal processing and machine learning to identify subtle grid disturbances that often go unnoticed by conventional monitoring systems. It can therefore automatically alert a utility to dangerous grid behaviors that require immediate response.

It is being validated using five years of field data collected by Southern California Edison (SCE), one of the US’ largest electric utilities. “The faster we realize what’s happening, the faster we can respond,” Ali Ekti, PhD, ORNL project leader, said.

Detecting grid threats

The tool can detect seven types of electrical faults, which create abnormal current or voltage in the grid. First of all, it can identify arcing faults, which happen when electricity jumps through an air gap between a power line and another object, like the ground.

Because these faults often generate only small increases in electrical current, they can evade traditional sensors and fail to trigger circuit breakers. This means that dangerous electrical arcs may persist for extended periods, and therefore increase the risk of wildfires.

ORNL’s new analytics system continuously monitors grid signals. It automatically alerts utilities once it recognizes abnormal conditions. “This tool is designed to provide utilities with a continuous pathway from signals to analytics to decisions,” Ekti elaborated.

As per the scientists, the tool relies on advanced analysis of waveform data, which captures changes in voltage, current, and frequency across the grid. Since arcing faults are often too subtle to be visible in raw waveform recordings, they created AI-assisted algorithms that amplify weak signals and highlight previously hidden disturbances.

Proving the technology

During testing with real utility data, the team increased waveform signal visibility from just six percent to 72 percent, using the ORNL algorithms. This allowed the tool to uncover faults that would otherwise remain undetected.

The platform was trained with data from ORNL’s Grid Event Signature Library. This web-based repository contains more than 5,700 waveform signatures collected from power grid events.

Apart from arcing faults, the system can also spot and classify six other categories of grid disturbances. These include overcurrent faults, recloser operations, blown fuses, short-lived faults, capacitor switching events, motor starts, as well as line-switching operations.

“Having more insight into the specific meaning of these signals will allow us to approach issues like arcing with a sense of urgency, so we know when we need to get a crew of first responders on the scene as soon as possible,” Michael Balestrieri, SCE senior engineer, concluded in a press release.

The next phase of the project will involve training an upgraded version of the tool using utility-specific data and assessing its performance on an SCE demonstration circuit. The ultimate goal is to integrate the detection algorithms into the utility’s internal analytics platform.

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The US has just approved a new floating offshore wind system, which is designed to support safer and more efficient installation and operation of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT).

The American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) awarded a Product Design Assessment (PDA) to Scotland’s industrial equipment supplier Encomara for its Squid system on June 17. The quick-connect solution combines mooring and electrical cable protection for FOWTs.

As per the organization, the approval follows an earlier Approval in Principle (AIP) and represents a more advanced level of technical review and design verification. ABS said it completed a detailed assessment of the technology against class and industry requirements for floating offshore wind applications.

“ABS is proud to support Encomara in bringing that approach to this sector, and this assessment reflects the technical depth behind it,” Rob Langford, ABS Vice President of Global Offshore, said.

The Squid system

Floating wind systems are expected to play a major role in expanding renewable energy generation. They can be deployed in deeper waters where fixed-bottom turbines are not practical.

This would increase the amount of usable marine space, as well as unlock access to stronger and more abundant wind resources. Still, installation and maintenance operations remain complex and costly. As a result, this has left developers looking for technologies that can simplify offshore deployment.

To tackle the issue, Encomara adapted the Squid system from the Disconnectable Turret Buoy (DTB). The technology has been used for years in floating oil and gas production. It is made from conventional offshore components that already have high technology readiness levels.

The Squid technology is built to protect moorings and interarray cables during turbine installation and off-station periods. It relies on procedures already well understood across the offshore industry.

What’s more, its disconnectable design can support repair scenarios throughout the unit’s entire service life. This helps reduce risks when temporary disconnection is required.

A proven technology

The company estimated that the Squid could increase floating turbine installation rates by 42 percent per season and raise energy yield during project ramp-up by 27 percent. It also projected a 2.5 percent lifetime increase in energy output.

This, according to Ian Donald, Encomara Managing Director, is equivalent to 3.3 terawatt-hours (TWh) of additional electricity generation for a 1.2-gigawatt (GW) floating wind development.

Donald pointed out that receiving a PDA from ABS marks a pivotal step in Squid’s qualification journey. “We’ll be conducting further inshore wet testing in Ardersier in the coming months, representing the next steps toward Technology Readiness Level assessment and commercial adoption,” he continued.

Encomara plans to carry out onshore demonstrations at AES’s Huntly site in July.
In August, the company will move on to inshore wet trials and demonstrations for customers.

Studies backed by Scottish Enterprise and industry developers suggest the Squid system could slash installation times by up to 50 percent. It could also potentially deliver savings of USD 1.35 billion (GBP 1 billion) per gigawatt of floating wind capacity.

“Floating wind developers need proven, bankable solutions, and this is exactly what Encomara is delivering,” Donald concluded in a press release.

Researchers in Germany have brought Europe’s first and only superconducting TES-array X-ray spectrometer online at the BESSY II synchrotron, a leading 3rd-generation synchrotron light source.

The instrument was developed within a collaboration between the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB), the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPICEC), and US’ National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

It relies on a 248-sensor detector array that can detect X-ray photons far more efficiently than conventional X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) systems. Its photon detection efficiency is 100 to 1,000 times higher than that of traditional wavelength-dispersive X-ray emission spectrometers.

According to the team, it will be used to investigate the electronic properties of atomically thin layers, nanostructures, and highly diluted atomic and molecular samples. The team expects the instrument to enable many new groundbreaking experiments.

The first TES spectrometer

Synchrotron facilities such as BESSY II generate intense beams of X-rays that allow researchers to probe the structure and properties of matter. However, techniques such as XES and RIXS require the detection of photons emitted by a sample after it interacts with incoming X-rays. This makes them highly photon-hungry.

These methods have traditionally been limited to large or highly concentrated samples. The Transition Edge Sensor (TES) spectrometer will enable studies of atomically thin layers, nanostructures, impurities, and highly diluted molecular systems.

“The superconducting Transition Edge Sensor (TES) array photon detector that we have now put into operation at BESSY II is around 100 to 1000 times more efficient to detect photons than conventional XES and RIXS spectrometers,” Régis Decker, PhD, a HZB scientist responsible for the new instrument, said.

Decker explained that the system could provide insights into molecular chemistry, molecular biology, and quantum materials. It also complements techniques such as angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). ARPES is widely used to investigate electronic band structures.

Reshaping X-ray analysis

The instrument could significantly cut experiment times. In practice, this means that measurements that would normally take hours with conventional systems could now be completed in just a few minutes. This would make it possible for scientists to collect data more efficiently and investigate more materials.

HZB pointed out that the TES array spectrometer contains 248 sensors that are superconducting when cooled to 25 millikelvin (mK). This is just a fraction of a degree above absolute zero. It is achieved using a helium-4/helium-3 (He⁴-He³) dilution refrigerator similar to the cryogenic systems used in quantum computers.

Once X-ray photons emitted by a sample strike one of the sensors, they cause a tiny temperature increase that briefly disrupts the sensor’s superconducting state. This change in electrical resistance is detected through a circuit based on an array of Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs).

The spectrometer is integrated with a custom ultra-high-vacuum sample chamber that allows researchers to transfer, prepare, and measure samples at temperatures ranging from 10 kelvin (K) to room temperature.

The setup is installed at the BESSY II UE52-SGM beamline, where scientists can also control the polarization of incoming X-rays. “We are looking forward to receiving exciting research proposals from our user community,” Decker concluded in a press release.

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US scientists have connected a novel 20-qubit quantum computer to Frontier, the world’s most powerful supercomputer for open science, in a major step aimed at advancing hybrid computing.

The research team at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) launched Pathfinder on June 16. The new 20-qubit IQM Radiance system will operate alongside the lab’s high-performance computing infrastructure.

Finland’s IQM, which built and deployed the Pathfinder, said the system is the first commercially procured quantum computer at ORNL. It is furthermore IQM’s first installation in the US.

“Our first US system now sits on Oak Ridge campus, connected to their HPC environment, owned and operated by their teams,” Jan Goetz, IQM co-founder and CEO, noted. “Quantum becomes useful when it works inside real computing infrastructure, and there is no better place to prove that.”

Pathfinder goes live

The Pathfinder is owned and run by ORNL. The researchers will have direct access to the hardware. They will moreover have the ability to build their own intellectual property and applications.

Travis Humble, ORNL Quantum Science Center Director, stated that the presence of the quantum computer has already sped up their efforts to integrate quantum technologies with the lab’s world-class supercomputing capabilities.

“On-premises systems enable us to demonstrate quantum computing concepts that realize our goal of building a scalable, hybrid HPC ecosystem,” Humble said. “Our research teams are now developing new methods and tools to demonstrate applications in materials simulations, chemistry, and artificial intelligence.”

The director said these fields are widely regarded as among the most promising areas in which quantum computing could provide advantages over conventional systems. The installation also serves as a test case for how future research sites may deploy quantum computers within their existing computing infrastructure.

A new era of computing

IQM pointed out that it has sold 23 full-stack quantum systems worldwide, with installations spanning Europe, Asia, and North America. The ORNL deployment represents a major expansion of its footprint in the US.

Beyond the Tennessee installation, the company recently established a quantum technology center in Maryland to support research, education, and collaboration with high-performance computing providers.

Senator Marsha Blackburn highlighted that the debut of ORNL’s IQM Pathfinder is set to strengthen Tennessee’s position in advancing US quantum innovation. She added that the partnership between the two institutions could support advances in national security and economic growth.

At the same time, Senator Bill Hagerty described the deployment as an important technological investment. “We find ourselves in a time when quantum science, energy systems, and economic growth are converging in ways never before seen,” Hagerty said in a press release.

The senator praised the system, saying it could lead to new future breakthroughs. “This is yet another example of how Tennessee is establishing itself as a global leader in quantum innovation, advanced energy, and nuclear ingenuity,” Hagerty concluded.

IQM develops superconducting quantum computers for research institutions, universities, and national laboratories. Founded in 2018, it employs more than 350 people and operates across Europe, Asia, and North America.

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US scientists have shed light on the physics behind diamond’s superconductivity, which could help engineers develop more powerful quantum devices, including multifunction quantum chips.

The joint research team consisted of experts from the US Department of Energy’s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Pennsylvania State University, and the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering. It discovered new insights into how electricity can flow through a diamond without resistance under the right conditions.

The findings could lead to multifunctional quantum chips capable of combining several quantum technologies within a single material. “This offers a new way of thinking by integrating superconducting and semiconductor behavior to create opportunities for multifunction quantum devices,” David Awschalom, PhD, from UChicago PME, said.

According to Awschalom, who is the Liew Family Professor of Quantum Science and Engineering and Physics at UChicago PME and the director of the Chicago Quantum Exchange, the breakthrough could make quantum technologies more efficient and better integrated with classical technologies. 

An unexpected discovery

Diamond is valued in advanced technology because of its exceptional hardness, optical properties, and thermal conductivity (Tc). It features the highest thermal conductivity and mineral hardness of any material known. It can also become superconducting when doped with boron, an element that alters its electrical conductivity.

More than two decades ago, scientists discovered that diamond can also become superconducting when doped with atoms of boron, an element that can alter its electrical behavior. Until now, however, the mechanisms behind the phenomenon remained largely unclear.

To analyze the phenomenon, the researchers synthesized high-quality diamond thin films, which contained carefully distributed boron atoms. They were stunned to find that despite appearing structurally uniform, the films had a hidden mosaic of microscopic superconducting regions.

The research team called these regions “puddles.” It was further discovered that they eventually connect with one another, therefore allowing electrical current to travel through the material without resistance.

“This serendipitous discovery caught us totally by surprise because these are structurally homogeneous, crystalline films,” Nitin Samarth, PhD, the Verne M. Willaman Professor of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering at Penn State, and co-corresponding author of the paper, said. “So, the question was: Where is this granularity coming from?”

A new quantum platform

According to the researchers, these superconducting regions are not fixed. Their shape and behavior can be modified by changing magnetic fields, temperature, and electrical currents. The researchers believe they can learn to connect them more efficiently by identifying how electrons move between them.

This could boost the performance of future quantum devices and allow them to operate at higher temperatures. Meanwhile, several parameters can be adjusted independently to tailor the material’s properties, including boron concentration, crystal orientation, mechanical strain, and dimensionality.

“We now have a reliable roadmap for engineering diamond superconductors by independently adjusting the material’s core properties,” Samarth said in a press statement. “There are a lot of exciting possibilities here, for both quantum and classical technology.”

Awschalom noted that the discovery could lead to the creation of multifunctional quantum-on-chip devices. “Imagine a future technology that combines light, spin, superconductivity, and magnetism, all in a single material that one could also integrate with today’s microelectronics,” he concluded.

The study has been published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

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Global car giant BMW and German clean-energy firm Solarwatt have just unveiled a home energy solution that will turn the upcoming Neue Klasse electric vehicles (EVs) into household energy storage units.

The companies presented their joint offering ahead of The smarter E / Intersolar Europe 2026 trade fair, which will take place in Munich München from June 23-25. The new announcement followed the expansion of their partnership in smart energy and home charging solutions, which the firms revealed on May 18.

As part of the effort, BMW intends to integrate its Neue Klasse vehicles and the bidirectional Wallbox Professional DC home charging station into Solarwatt’s home energy management system (HEMS), also called the Solarwatt Manager.

Instead of functioning solely as cars, the Neue Klasse EVs will also serve as mobile energy storage units. They will provide electricity to households through Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) technology.

A smarter energy hub

The system is set to link photovoltaic panels, stationary home batteries, electric vehicles, and household appliances through the Solarwatt Manager platform. The software controls energy production and usage to determine where the available power should be directed.

BMW said the integrated system will coordinate all energy assets simultaneously. This will reportedly allow homeowners to maximize the usage of self-generated solar power and minimize reliance on grid energy.

The platform will also incorporate weather and solar forecasts to predict future energy production. During winter and other periods of reduced solar production, the system will take advantage of dynamic electricity tariffs by charging batteries and vehicles when electricity prices are low.

The stored energy could then be utilized later. “This not only increases the self-consumption of solar power but also significantly reduces the energy costs of the entire household – unlike Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), the electricity is used within the household and not fed back into the public grid,” BMW officials pointed out.

Power when needed

The system requires three essential components, including a Neue Klasse vehicle, BMW’s Wallbox Professional, and the Solarwatt Manager energy management system. Homeowners will be able to configure the settings via the My BMW App. They will have the option to optimize the household energy priorities through the Solarwatt Home app.

“In the Solarwatt Home app, customers can define household priorities – for example, for appliances and storage systems,” BMW representatives continued in a press release. “This ensures that energy is distributed intelligently, reduces the need for manual control, and makes the best possible use of solar power.”

Yet another advantage is that the system works with a wide range of third-party components. Existing solar panel systems and home batteries can be connected to the platform. This will enable homeowners to upgrade their current setups instead of simply replacing them from scratch.

“For many homeowners, the prospect of expanding an existing home battery storage system with an electric car is highly attractive,” Peter Bachmann, Solarwatt CEO, concluded in a statement. “This significantly increases the benefits of one’s own PV system, lowers electricity costs, and makes the home even less dependent on purchasing electricity from the grid.”

The two firms plan to launch the system in Germany, Austria, and the Netherlands in late 2026. Customers will also be able to order the BMW Wallbox Professional directly through Solarwatt. The first deliveries are expected to start in the final quarter of the year.

Scientists in the US have utilized the Polaris supercomputer to generate the most detailed three-dimensional (3D) images of the pion, the lightest particle made of quarks.

The study, which helped reveal the internal structure of a pion in unprecedented detail, was conducted by a research team at the US Department of Energy’s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory (ANL).

Pions are subatomic particles that play a significant role in holding atomic nuclei together. “Pions mediate the strong force that binds nucleons, that is, the protons and neutrons that account for an atom’s mass,” Yong Zhao, PHD, an ANL physicist and principal investigator of the project, said.

According to the Zhao and the team, the findings reveal not only how quarks are arranged within the particle, but also offer new clues on how visible matter forms from fundamental particles. The latter is considered one of the biggest mysteries in physics.

Mapping the pion

Pions are among the lightest and simplest subatomic particles. They are governed by the strong force, which binds protons and neutrons together inside the atomic nuclei. This force accounts for 98 percent of the mass of the visible universe.

They’re also composed of a quark and an antiquark. Yet, despite their importance, scientists have struggled to examine their internal structure because experimental data remains limited. To overcome this challenge, ANL and Brookhaven National Laboratory researchers turned to large-scale computer simulations.

The team combined advanced theoretical models with the computing power of Polaris. This reportedly recreated the pion’s internal structure in remarkable detail.

Zhao pointed out that examining the pion’s multidimensional structure provides a deeper insight into the particle’s fundamental properties. “By probing the pion’s internal structure, we gain a deeper understanding of how quarks and gluons are confined to create visible matter,” he said.

The simulations generated high-resolution 3D images that showed how quarks are distributed throughout the particle. Understanding this structure is essential for explaining how quarks and gluons combine to create the visible matter that makes up the universe.

A new perspective

For the project, the group simulated hundreds of snapshots of four-dimensional (4D) spacetime with lattice quantum chromodynamics. This is a technique that places particles and fields on a vast computational grid.

“This is a task possible only with large-scale parallel computing power like that of ALCF supercomputers,” Zhao said in a statement. “We thereby obtained high-resolution images of the quark structure in a moving pion.” The images showed how quarks carrying different fractions of the pion’s momentum are distributed across the particle.

The team modeled how quarks move both along the pion’s direction of motion and across it. The simulations relied on lattices with millions of grid points. “The simulation captures hundreds of snapshots of our 4D spacetime, represented on a lattice with millions of grid points,” Zhao added.

The calculations revealed the quark generalized parton distribution (GPD) of the pion. This is a mathematical framework that describes how quarks are distributed in both momentum and space. The resulting maps provided a detailed 3D picture of the particle.

As per Zhao, one notable finding was that the pion’s transverse size decreases as its momentum increases. The team also found that the pion appears smaller than the proton at moderate momentum values.

“Our next step is to use the ALCF’s Aurora supercomputer to map the proton in three dimensions,” Zhao concluded. “Protons, together with neutrons, make up all the atomic nuclei that compose the visible matter in our universe.”

The study has been published in the Journal of High Energy Physics.

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A four-legged robot dog designed to detect toxic substances could soon become the first responder sent into dangerous areas and help firefighting crews assess the damage without risking their own safety.

The remote-controlled detection robot was developed by researchers at the Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) in Austria. It is a compact, quadruped system that also incorporates measurement devices already used by fire services.

According to the research team, the detection robot has already been extensively tested by emergency services as part of large-scale pollutant drills. It has proved its ability to provide real-time data from danger zones.

Gerald Steinbauer-Wagner, PhD, an associate professor and robotics researcher at TU Graz, revealed that the dog can be deployed on missions ahead of firefighting crews. “It measures pollutant concentrations and delivers the data together with a camera image in real time from the danger zone,” Steinbauer-Wagner explained.

First into danger

In chemical accidents, emergency crews need to identify hazardous substances quickly while operating under dangerous conditions. Firefighters must typically don bulky protective suits, such as a Level A or B Hazmat suit, prior to entering contaminated areas to take measurements.

Although necessary to ensure total isolation from hazardous environments, the process can consume valuable time during an emergency. To address this issue, the team turned to robotics.

As per the researchers, the robotic dog can be sent in before firefighters to collect critical information from the scene. “This allows the emergency services to assess the situation without having to enter the danger zone themselves,” Steinbauer-Wagner continued.

The technology reduces firefighting teams’ direct exposure to toxic substances. It could significantly improve their safety during industrial accidents and hazardous materials incidents.

“Based on a comprehensive requirements analysis, we developed an appropriate robotic strategy and integrated it into existing standard operational procedures,” Steinbauer-Wagner added. “This should ensure seamless collaboration between man and machine during the operation.”

A safer perspective

Instead of creating a new system, the team made it compatible with existing fire-service procedures. The researchers conducted an extensive requirements analysis before integrating it into established hazardous materials response protocols. The robot relies on commercially available parts for mobility, sensing, data processing, communication, and visualization.

“The results of the field tests were extremely promising in terms of mobility, user-friendliness and effectiveness,” Steinbauer-Wagner reported. Meanwhile, a recent potential analysis supported by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) highlighted several advantages of the technology.

Gerald Czech of the Austrian Federal Fire Service Association emphasized that, in the event of a real incident, he would send the robot dog into the contaminated area before the firefighters go in. “For the fire service, every minute counts during a hazardous materials operation,” he said in a statement.

Czech further said receiving measurement data and images from the danger zone while crews are still putting on protective gear could save valuable time during an emergency. “This increases the safety of the crew and improves operational command,” he concluded.

Experts from the Styrian and Upper Austrian fire service associations, TU Graz, the University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, as well as the Disaster Competence Network Austria, support the use of detection robots. They propose making them a permanent part of fire departments’ hazardous materials response teams.

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US energy storage startup Peak Energy has recently joined forces with leading car manufacturer General Motors (GM) to develop sodium-ion batteries designed for grid storage.

The Colorado-based energy storage company announced the new partnership on June 9. The project will bring together its proprietary passively cooled battery and GM’s sodium-ion cells.

Under the novel agreement, General Motors will design and develop the sodium-ion cells at its battery laboratories in the state of Michigan. It will moreover retain exclusive manufacturing rights. Peak Energy will integrate the cells into its energy storage systems.

“In grid-scale stationary storage systems, if we can make the cell safer and more robust, we can remove complexity elsewhere in the system,” GM reported. “That can translate into a quieter, simpler, lower-maintenance ESS for the customer.”

Sodium-ion storage push

According to both companies, the technology could provide a cheap alternative to today’s dominant lithium-iron phosphate (LFP) battery systems. It could also improve reliability and reduce energy waste.

“Lowering the cost of energy is one of the most important issues facing America today,” Landon Mossburg, Peak Energy CEO and co-founder, said. He added that the firm aims to deliver a safer, lower-cost, and faster-to-deploy energy storage system that can meet the growing US power demand without raising consumer costs.

Peak Energy has developed a proprietary passively cooled battery energy storage system. In essence, this means that it does not rely on active cooling to maintain safe operating temperatures. The firm argued that eliminating cooling equipment reduces both upfront costs and operational complexity.

The sodium-ion system can reportedly reduce energy storage costs by around 20 percent compared with conventional solutions. It can furthermore deliver over 99 percent uptime.

Mossburg stressed the significance of the project. “The future of grid storage will be defined by affordability, reliability and American innovation,” he noted. “We’re thrilled to partner with GM to bring a better solution to the American energy economy.”

A strategic partnership

Replacing conventional LFP-based storage systems with Peak Energy’s passively cooled technology could potentially cut annual battery storage energy waste in the US by up to two terawatt-hours (TWh). That amount of electricity would be enough to power a mid-sized city for an entire year.

“At GM, we know that the application should determine the battery, and for grid-scale stationary storage, sodium-ion is the right solution,” Kurt Kelty, GM’s VP of battery and sustainability, said in a press statement.

According to GM, eliminating active cooling can significantly improve energy storage systems. Active cooling relies on additional equipment, leads to higher energy losses, requires more maintenance, and increases the risk of component failures. All of this can drive costs higher over time. The firm is certain that Peak Energy’s platform will deliver lower costs, greater reliability, and less maintenance.

“Peak is already demonstrating the value of sodium-ion through their innovative energy storage platform, and together we’re working to push those benefits even further with our next-generation cell – helping deliver more reliable, lower-cost energy storage at scale for the US grid,” Kelty concluded.

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An airport in the Netherlands has started operating the world’s first fully electric TaxiBot, which is designed to tow passenger aircraft from the gate to the runway while keeping their engines switched off.

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, also known as Schiphol Airport, unveiled the system in May 2026, together with easyJet, Airbus, ground-handling company Menzies Aviation, and supplier Smart Airport Systems.

The electric TaxiBot is now transporting Airbus A320 aircraft to the Polderbaan Runway. This is the airport’s longest and newest runway, measuring 2.36 miles (3.8 kilometers). It is also the most distant runway and the one with the longest taxi times.

“By deploying the TaxiBot, we’re taking another practical step towards reduced emissions and noise on the apron,” Esmé Valk, Royal Schiphol Group people and transformation chief, revealed. This is how we’re creating a healthier and cleaner workplace, and an ever more sustainable and modern airport that is ready for the future.”

How TaxiBot works

The TaxiBot is a specialized tow vehicle that connects to an aircraft’s nose wheel and transports it across the airport at speeds of up to 23 knots (about 26 miles per hour, or 42 kilometers per hour). It can reduce fuel use by up to 65 percent before takeoff, while lowering emissions and noise.

In contrast to conventional airport tugs, the electric TaxiBot is controlled directly by the pilot from the cockpit. Meanwhile, aircraft engines remain off during the journey from the gate to the runway. They are once again started shortly before departure.

Once the aircraft reaches the runway, the TaxiBot disconnects. An operator drives the vehicle back to the terminal area to assist the next flight. “With TaxiBot, we are taking a tangible step towards making our operations at Schiphol more efficient,” William Vet, easyJet’s director for the Netherlands and Scandinavia, pointed out.

Schiphol selected the Polderbaan Runway for the rollout because it’s the runway with the longest taxi time. This can reduce fuel consumption by up to 65 percent. At the same time, lower fuel use also cuts carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and (ultra)fine particle emissions.

Cleaner airport operations

Still, the aircraft tug does far more than just slash emissions. Reduced engine use means cleaner air for the employees working on the apron and lower exposure to pollutants generated by aircraft during ground operations. It additionally reduces noise levels and creates a more comfortable working environment around aircraft stands and service areas.

The electric TaxiBot joins two hybrid TaxiBots that have been towing KLM Boeing 737 aircraft to the same runway since 2022. It is being deployed on four of the Airbus A320neo aircraft, allowing engine-off taxiing to the runway.

“This immediately leads to lower fuel consumption, emissions, and ground noise,” Vet concluded in a press release. “This is only possible thanks to the commitment of our partners, and in particular the Menzies Aviation team, who play a crucial role in our ground operations.”

Schiphol currently runs the world’s only electric TaxiBot. The airport expects three additional electric units to arrive later this year. The expansion will allow the technology to support more aircraft types. Schiphol is also working with KLM Cityhopper and industry partners to certify the system for Embraer aircraft, while Transavia plans to participate with its Boeing 737 fleet.

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China has officially started construction on a massive new ship lock system at the Three Gorges Dam, the world’s largest hydropower dam, which is set to nearly double cargo capacity along the Yangtze River.

Valued at USD 11.4 billion (CNY 77.2 billion), the project is considered the biggest infrastructure investment on the world’s third-longest river in decades. It includes the construction of a new five-stage ship lock system, often described as a “water staircase” or “water elevator.”

It will allow larger vessels to pass through the Three Gorges Dam more efficiently. The groundbreaking ceremony took place on Monday, June 8. The construction effort will take a total of 112 months, or about 9.3 years.

“The project will significantly improve efficiency for the implementation of the Yangtze River Economic Belt development strategy and support domestic economic circulation,” Liu Weiping, Three Gorges Group president and dam and future locks operator, said.

Expanding Yangtze capacity

The system will have a 22,000-foot-long (6,680-meter) two-way lock channel with five consecutive stages. It will moreover allow 11,000-US-ton (10,000-tonne) class vessels to pass through the dam more quickly and efficiently than before.

According to the South China Morning Post (SCMP), the initiative will also include wider approach channels upstream and downstream, along with new navigation facilities. Once completed, the novel facilities will raise annual cargo capacity at the Three Gorges Dam to 370 million US tons (336 million tonnes). That is nearly twice its current capacity.

The expansion is set to reduce transportation costs and boost logistics efficiency across the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the backbone of the nation’s economy. It generates more than 40 percent of the country’s total economic output. Spanning 11 provinces and municipalities, the river corridor supports almost 50 percent of the nation’s population.

“The old Three Gorges locks and ship lift have become a chokepoint,” Ministry of Transport representatives pointed out. “Even the boldest planning [decades ago] failed to anticipate the huge rise in passengers and cargo flows along the Yangtze today.”

Modernizing river transport infrastructure

The project has been included in the nation’s 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030). It forms part of a broader strategy to strengthen domestic transportation networks and support economic growth.

The Yangtze River has become increasingly important for manufacturers moving raw materials, industrial components, and finished goods between China’s coastal regions and inland provinces. However, rising river cruise traffic has placed extra strain on the existing navigation infrastructure.

Cargo volume passing through the existing locks first exceeded their 110 million-US-ton (100 million-tonne) design capacity in 2011. By 2025, annual throughput at the dam had climbed to 191 million US tons (173 million tonnes).

The new project represents the largest infrastructure effort on the Yangtze River in decades. It surpasses the scale of any major work undertaken since the Three Gorges Dam began operating in 2003.

Officials said the expansion has become necessary as growing shipping demand continues to strain the existing facilities. The development aims to strengthen the Yangtze River’s role as a crucial transport route.

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China has successfully tested a huge airborne electromagnetic detection system that could locate hidden nuclear submarines operating deep beneath the ocean surface.

The technology, called Airborne Transient Electromagnetic (Atem) detection, is reportedly made up of a helicopter towing a giant array of coils. The coils emit strong electromagnetic signals into the ground or water.

It is mainly intended to map underground and underwater structures for civilian applications, such as mineral exploration, groundwater mapping, and geological surveys. Previous studies, however, suggest the same approach could have great military potential.

Led by Fu Jingcheng, PhD, an associate professor at Beihang University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Geology and Geophysics, the research team carried out a seven-minute helicopter test. During the trial, onboard sensors confirmed that the coil array could maintain the near-level stability required for precision detection.

A new detection tool

The South China Morning Post (SCMP) pointed out that the detection system is a towering structure that consists of three giant dodecagonal (12-sided) coils. Each of them measures roughly 82 feet (25 meters) across. These coils serve as the transmitter, compensation unit, and receiver.

They are suspended under a helicopter using a network of cables. The technology sends a powerful pulse of electricity through the transmitter coil. This generates a brief electromagnetic field.

Once the pulse ends, conductive materials below the surface produce secondary electromagnetic signals that are captured by the receiver coil. By analyzing how these signals decay, scientists can identify buried or submerged objects and also estimate their depth and composition.

However, maintaining stability during flight is one of the greatest limitations of airborne electromagnetic systems. Large suspended coil arrays can tilt and swing due to wind, helicopter rotor wash, and aircraft maneuvers. These movements can affect the accuracy of the collected data. Even moderate helicopter acceleration caused the massive structure to pitch by more than 20 degrees.

Overcoming the challenges

To overcome these issues, Jingcheng and his team developed a computer model that calculated the ideal cable lengths and tensions throughout the system. They then identified a flight configuration that kept the coils level during surveys.

What’s more, the researchers also attached a flexible aerodynamic film to the rear portion of the main transmitter coil. This film works as a passive stabilizer. It can suppress violent oscillations by exerting a restoring force.

A seven-minute flight confirmed the design’s ability to maintain the near-level orientation required for precision measurements. The trial also showed that rapid acceleration and sharp turns can cause the suspended load to swing violently, placing heavy strain on the cable.

The researchers noted that the detection system performs best when flown slowly and smoothly. Pilots should reduce speed before a turn, make the turn gradually, and only speed up afterward.

A 2012 study by researchers from Chang’an University and Shandong University proposed combining Atem systems with synthetic aperture imaging techniques to detect submerged submarines. Simulation experiments reportedly succeeded in identifying a scaled submarine model submerged in salt water.

The study has been published in the journal Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica on April 25.

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