Energy Environ. Sci., 2026, 19,2863-2873
DOI: 10.1039/D5EE07787G, Paper

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Ran Ji, Nathaniel Gallop, Shivam Singh, Richard Beier, Yitian Du, Zongbao Zhang, Fulya Koc, Marielle Deconinck, Vladimir Shilovskikh, Jose Roberto Bautista-Quijano, Boris Rivkin, Yana Vaynzof
Finely modulating the Cs : Pb ratio of the top 1 nm of CsPbI₃ leads to strong surface dipoles that alter the work function by more than 2 eV, increasing the power conversion efficiency from ∼10% to ∼20% and critically affecting stability.
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