BAE Systems has unveiled a new electronic warfare family aimed at giving small aircraft stronger protection in contested airspace. The Shadow EW family targets a growing need for compact systems that can fit space-constrained platforms.

The new products focus on electronic sensing and self-protection without demanding the size, weight, or power of traditional systems. BAE Systems also designed them for rapid production, making larger-scale deployment more practical.

The architecture uses commercially available microchips to support computing needs and simplify the supply chain. That approach could help BAE Systems produce systems faster as demand for affordable EW grows.

Compact EW

Small drones and other airborne systems increasingly operate near sophisticated electronic threats. Their limited payload capacity makes traditional EW equipment difficult to integrate.

Shadow EW addresses that constraint with small, lightweight hardware designed around open architecture principles. The systems can also receive software updates after deployment.

That software-defined approach gives operators another way to respond as adversaries change their electronic signatures and tactics. Hardware configurations can also adapt to different platforms and mission requirements.

BAE Systems says the family can support both manned and unmanned aircraft. Its platform-agnostic design aims to preserve valuable payload capacity while adding radio-frequency capabilities.

The systems can support several EW functions, including threat awareness, targeting, deception, and survivability. They can also participate in collaborative electronic effects across multiple platforms.

Commercial chips drive scale

BAE Systems is leaning on commercial components to make high-volume EW production more achievable. Commercial microchips can provide substantial computing performance without requiring specialized hardware for every configuration.

The strategy also reduces dependence on highly customized components. That can simplify procurement and help manufacturers respond more quickly to changing production requirements.

Production scalability sits at the center of Shadow EW’s design philosophy. BAE Systems plans to use established manufacturing methods to support larger orders and faster deliveries.

That matters as the U.S. military explores more affordable ways to equip increasingly numerous autonomous and expendable systems. Electronic warfare capability becomes harder to scale when every platform requires an expensive bespoke solution.

Software keeps EW adaptable

Shadow EW separates much of the system’s adaptability from its physical hardware. Operators can configure capabilities around specific threats and platform architectures.

Software updates provide another path for changing the system after deployment. That flexibility could prove important against adversaries that frequently modify their electronic warfare techniques.

Rebecca Cruz, director of Shadow EW products at BAE Systems, said battlefield conditions are changing rapidly. She said even smaller platforms need adaptable electronic warfare protection.

The family is designed around a configurable approach that lets customers select capabilities suited to individual missions. BAE Systems describes the result as an affordable Electronic Warfare option built for broader fielding.

The company has not disclosed specific performance figures for individual Shadow EW variants. Details such as detection ranges, frequency coverage, power consumption, and platform integration options remain limited.

The engineering approach focuses on shrinking EW hardware while using software to keep the systems adaptable. Commercial-scale manufacturing also helps BAE Systems keep production costs under control.

Chinese researchers have outlined a future tank that could generate its own power and strike targets hundreds of miles away. The concept combines a compact nuclear reactor with a 50-megajoule electromagnetic railgun.

The proposed vehicle would weigh about 60 tonnes. A 10-megawatt-class small modular reactor would supply its electrical power.

Researchers estimate the railgun could accelerate projectiles to roughly 3.5km/s. That could give the weapon a theoretical range of about 280 miles.

Three steps to nuclear power

The development path starts with conventional propulsion. An initial tank would use a 1,500-horsepower diesel generator.

Its 10MJ electromagnetic gun could reach roughly 93 miles. Supercapacitors and flywheels would provide additional energy for high-demand systems.

The first design would also feature 2MJ electromagnetic armor. A second-generation vehicle would increase weapon energy to 20MJ.

Its projected range would rise to roughly 186 miles. That version would carry 10MJ electromagnetic armor and about five tonnes of advanced energy storage.

Researchers also envision solid-state batteries and superconducting storage. An onboard microgrid would coordinate the vehicle’s electrical systems.

The final stage would introduce nuclear propulsion after 2045. That would replace the diesel generator with a compact reactor.

Fitting the tiny reactor

The proposed reactor would use lead-bismuth cooling and produce 10MW of thermal power. Researchers want the reactor package to fit inside just two cubic meters.

Its radiation shielding would weigh no more than three tonnes. The reactor would also need a fuel replacement interval of at least five years.

Those targets create a difficult packaging problem. Engineers must fit the reactor, shielding and power-conversion equipment inside a combat vehicle.

Thermal management presents another hurdle. The reactor would produce substantial heat that engineers must remove from the vehicle.

The system would also need to survive punishing off-road conditions. The researchers say it should withstand shocks approaching 30g.

The railgun creates an even tougher electrical challenge. A 50MJ weapon must release enormous energy within an extremely short pulse.

The reactor could provide steady power, but it cannot instantly deliver the entire firing pulse. Energy storage would need to accumulate power between shots.

That makes the vehicle’s capacitors, batteries, and power electronics critical. Researchers say additional multiphysics simulations and vehicle-level testing remain necessary.

Feeding 50MJ railgun

A nuclear reactor could provide continuous electricity for energy-intensive weapons and sensors. Yet it would also consume space and weight needed for armor, ammunition and crew protection.

A military equipment expert told South China Morning Post that installing a fission reactor in a battle tank remains unrealistic. The expert also pointed to shielding and heat-dissipation requirements.

The expert questioned the practical value of effectively unlimited onboard electricity. Crews still need rest, while tanks still require ammunition and maintenance.

Survivability creates another concern. A destroyed crewed vehicle carrying a reactor could introduce risks beyond losing the platform.

The expert suggested an uncrewed alternative. Such a vehicle could use abundant electricity for lasers, microwave weapons, radar, and electronic warfare.

That approach could transform the concept from a conventional tank into an autonomous, high-power battlefield platform.

The nuclear tank remains a long-term research concept. Its central challenge may be delivering enormous electrical pulses inside a mobile combat vehicle.

The study is published in the peer-reviewed Chinese journal Acta Armamentarii.

A geothermal drilling rig just finished working on one of the least forgiving places for heavy equipment, a live construction site in downtown Boston.

Dig Energy completed its first paid commercial installation at 100MAG, Suffolk’s AI and innovation hub near the construction firm’s headquarters. The Massachusetts startup used its compact drilling platform to install geothermal heating and cooling infrastructure for the building.

The drilling operation started in early August and finished in about two weeks. Workers carried out the work while construction continued around them, giving Dig a real test of its approach in a crowded commercial setting.

Geothermal drilling gets smaller

Geothermal heating and cooling has relied on mature technology for decades. The difficult part has often been getting the drilling done without driving up project costs.

Traditional drilling equipment can demand substantial space and labor. That creates a particular problem on urban construction sites, where available space can be scarce.

Dig built its drilling system around those constraints. The company says its rig needs only a fraction of the footprint and crew used by conventional drilling equipment.

At 100MAG, the active drilling area occupied only a few parking spaces at any given time. That allowed the geothermal work to fit into an operating construction site without taking over a large section of the property.

“Suffolk has led some of the most complex and sophisticated construction projects in the country,” said Dulcie Madden, co-founder and CEO of Dig Energy.

Madden said the 100MAG site tested the technology under tight spatial constraints and a demanding schedule. She added that Dig’s equipment could integrate into Suffolk’s construction workflow.

That matters because geothermal projects can require drilling before a building can use the system. A smaller drilling platform could make that step easier to accommodate alongside other construction activity.

Suffolk puts system to work

The installation also gives Suffolk a chance to judge geothermal technology through an actual project rather than a demonstration. Suffolk Technologies, the construction firm’s venture arm, invested in Dig through its BOOST 6 accelerator. The program brings emerging construction technologies onto Suffolk projects for real-world deployment.

Parker Mundt, a partner at Suffolk Technologies, said the project showed how Dig’s compact platform could reduce the cost and complexity of geothermal installations. Suffolk now has direct experience with the drilling process at a commercial property. That experience could help the contractor assess geothermal systems for future projects across its portfolio.

The opportunity extends beyond conventional office construction. Suffolk works with customers investing in geothermal and on-site energy infrastructure, including education facilities and data centers.

Dig plans to put its drilling system through several more New England projects in the coming months. The planned sites include a grocery store, a utility headquarters and a small campus.

Those deployments will put the compact rig against different site conditions and building requirements. They could also show whether the space and labor savings seen at 100MAG hold up across a wider range of commercial projects.

R3 Lithium has started producing lithium carbonate from recycled battery materials at its facility in Covington, Georgia.

The 154,000-square-foot plant is designed to recover lithium at commercial scale. R3 also raised $15 million in Series A funding to upgrade the operation.

The company expects the Georgia facility to produce more than half of US lithium carbonate output in 2027. Its existing production line can make 2,500 metric tons of lithium carbonate annually.

Georgia plant targets scale

The facility can shred as much as 30,000 metric tons of battery material each year. That feedstock includes manufacturing scrap and batteries reaching the end of their useful lives.

Shredding produces black mass, which contains the valuable materials left inside lithium-ion batteries. R3 processes that material at the same site to recover lithium and produce lithium carbonate.

The process combines calciner-based crystallization with water-based precipitation. Keeping those steps together eliminates the need to ship lithium-bearing material elsewhere for refining.

The facility previously produced 99%-pure lithium carbonate using entirely recycled material. R3 acquired the site in July after its previous owner invested about $150 million into the operation.

A second 2,500-metric-ton production line could eventually double the site’s lithium carbonate capacity. R3 has also secured roughly $1 billion in offtake agreements with customers.

Trafigura is among the buyers supporting those agreements. Tim Wood-Dow, a battery metals trader at Trafigura, said domestic lithium supplies remain limited.

Recycling cuts supply chain

The approach could give US battery manufacturers another source of domestically processed lithium. Much of the world’s battery production and processing capacity remains overseas.

Developing new lithium mines also takes considerable time. Projects can spend seven to 10 years navigating permitting before production begins.

Recycling existing batteries offers a different route to supply. R3 can source lithium from material already circulating through the battery economy.

Demand for lithium carbonate is also expanding as battery storage grows. Global battery storage installations surpassed 300 gigawatt-hours during 2025.

Data center construction has added another source of demand for large energy storage systems. Each gigawatt-hour of grid-scale storage requires about 880 tons of lithium carbonate.

R3 plans to build additional facilities across North America and Europe. Each site would use modular production units capable of processing 5,000 metric tons annually.

The company plans to secure customer offtake agreements before deploying those units. That strategy would let R3 expand capacity in stages as demand develops.

One site handles recovery

The Covington facility also recovers materials beyond lithium. Its process produces concentrated metal oxide containing nickel, cobalt, manganese, and graphite.

R3 can sell those materials separately after extracting the lithium. That creates additional value from the same recycled battery feedstock.

Keeping the process on one site also reduces the number of locations involved in moving battery materials through the recycling chain. Scrap and spent batteries can enter the facility and emerge as refined lithium carbonate.

R3 now wants to replicate that model across additional sites. If its expansion targets hold, recycled batteries could become a larger source of domestically produced lithium carbonate in the US.

A satellite has fired a Hall-effect thruster fueled by solid zinc in orbit for the first time, giving spacecraft designers a new option for electric propulsion.

Muon Space completed the test on July 1 aboard SERT-III, a dedicated propulsion test spacecraft. The mission tested the company’s Starlight propulsion system under real orbital conditions.

The thruster fired successfully on its first attempt. Telemetry matched ground-test predictions, while orbital tracking detected a measurable change in the spacecraft’s trajectory.

Zinc aims at xenon

Hall-effect thrusters have become a standard choice for efficient satellite propulsion. Most systems use xenon or krypton, which require high-pressure storage and add complexity to spacecraft designs.

Starlight takes a different approach. Its propellant comes as solid zinc, which remains stable at room temperature and does not need a pressurized tank.

That could simplify spacecraft integration and ground operations. Zinc also costs less than traditional noble-gas propellants and has a much broader supply base.

Those factors matter as satellite operators deploy larger constellations. Cutting propulsion hardware and propellant costs can become significant when the same system flies across dozens of spacecraft.

Muon says Starlight can support orbit raising, station keeping, and controlled deorbiting on small and medium-sized satellites.

The system also addresses a practical challenge that has followed electric propulsion for years. Satellite operators need efficient thrusters, but propulsion hardware must also fit tight spacecraft mass and integration constraints.

SERT-III tests hardware

Muon designed SERT-III specifically to examine how the propulsion system behaves in space. The spacecraft carried sensors to measure performance, spacecraft interactions, and material deposited by the thruster plume.

Ground testing had already established expected performance across different throttle levels and operating conditions. The orbital test provided a chance to see whether those results held up in microgravity.

They did. The thruster fed and vaporized zinc reliably during the firing, according to Muon. Tracking data also confirmed that the spacecraft experienced the expected thrust.

Engineers also watched for unwanted zinc deposition around the spacecraft. Thermoelectric Quartz Crystal Microbalance sensors detected less deposition near the thruster than conservative preflight models predicted.

That result gives engineers more data for understanding how zinc behaves after leaving the thruster. It should also help refine plume and contamination models for future spacecraft.

Muon CEO Jonny Dyer called the orbital firing a major milestone for electric propulsion. He said the company chose to acquire Starlight Propulsion because zinc could address persistent problems in the propulsion supply chain.

The test also avoided putting experimental hardware on a primary customer mission. SERT-III gave engineers a spacecraft dedicated to collecting propulsion data without placing another mission at risk.

Customer missions next

Muon now plans to incorporate the flight data into further development of Starlight. Engineers will focus on reliability, manufacturing, and plume management as the system moves toward production.

The company expects its current-generation thruster to reach customer spacecraft before the end of 2026. Muon is also developing a larger second-generation system. It plans to test Gen2 in orbit during the first quarter of 2027.

That version will target larger spacecraft and could expand zinc-based Hall propulsion beyond the smaller satellite market. If the upcoming tests confirm the early results, solid-metal propellant could become a practical alternative for more commercial spacecraft.

Electra has selected Safran Helicopter Engines to supply the turbogenerator for its EL9 Ultra Short aircraft under a production agreement that will run for the life of the program. The deal gives the Virginia-based aircraft developer a key propulsion partner as it works toward Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certification and commercial service by 2030.

The agreement includes an initial order for 250 TG600 turbogenerators. Electra expects production to increase as demand grows for the EL9, a hybrid-electric aircraft designed to operate from landing areas as short as 150 feet. The capability could allow flights from locations that cannot support conventional commercial aircraft.

Hybrid system selected

Safran’s TG600 will generate 600 kilowatts of electrical power for the EL9’s hybrid-electric propulsion system. Engineers based the unit on the company’s Arrano helicopter engine, which delivers an 18% improvement in fuel efficiency over the previous generation of engines.

The system also integrates two GENeUS electric generators developed by Safran Electrical & Power. Earlier this month, Safran completed the first bench test of the flight-ready turbogenerator at its facility in Bordes, France. The company plans to use that hardware during the EL9’s initial flight-test campaign.

Electra CEO Marc Allen called the agreement an important milestone for the aircraft program. He said Safran’s expertise in hybrid-electric propulsion and long-term commitment would help bring the EL9 into commercial service.

Safran Helicopter Engines CEO Cédric Goubet said the contract formally launches the company’s turbogenerator business. He added that combining Safran’s engine technology with its electrical systems expertise creates a propulsion package tailored for the EL9’s performance goals.

Designed for short fields

Unlike conventional regional aircraft, the EL9 relies on hybrid-electric propulsion and blown-lift technology to achieve extremely short takeoffs and landings. Electra says the aircraft needs only about 150 feet of runway, opening access to small airfields and other locations closer to population centers.

The company believes that capability could reshape regional transportation by reducing dependence on major airports for shorter trips. Electra describes the concept as “Direct Aviation,” allowing travelers to fly closer to their origin and destination instead of connecting through large airport hubs.

FAA certification work is already underway under Part 23 regulations. Electra expects the aircraft’s first flight in late 2027 or early 2028 before targeting entry into service in 2030.

Growing production plans

The Safran agreement follows other commercial milestones for the EL9 program. Earlier this year, Bristow Group signed a pre-delivery payment agreement that secured the first production delivery slot through binding commercial terms, subject to aircraft certification. Electra also released market projections suggesting demand for between 12,000 and 16,000 aircraft during the first decade of Direct Aviation operations across the United States.

If those forecasts materialize, the EL9 would represent a new category of regional aircraft that combines electric propulsion with conventional turbine power. Electra and Safran aim to deliver an aircraft capable of connecting communities that currently lack practical commercial air service while reducing fuel consumption compared with traditional regional aircraft.

Scratched contact lenses often mean an expensive replacement, even if the damage is minor. Researchers in South Korea have now developed a self-healing material that can repair those tiny imperfections using just one hour of ultraviolet light, opening the door to more durable soft contact lenses.

The new hydrogel-based material restores itself at room temperature and could eventually help wearers extend the life of their lenses instead of discarding them after everyday wear. The technology also combines a protective coating that resists scratches and bacteria, adding another layer of durability for future designs.

UV repairs damage

Researchers Jung-Hyun Choi and Byoung-Ki Cho created the material using a hydrogel, a water-rich polymer network already widely used in soft contact lenses. They redesigned the structure so that ultraviolet light, instead of heat, activates the repair process.

Exposure to UV light with a wavelength of 365 nanometers for one hour triggers a chemical reaction known as disulfide exchange. During that process, sulfur bonds temporarily break apart and reconnect with neighboring atoms, allowing the damaged polymer network to gradually rebuild itself.

The team had previously demonstrated a heat-driven self-healing hydrogel, but that approach required several hours of warming. Extended heating dries out contact lenses and makes them unsuitable for everyday use, making room-temperature repair a more practical alternative. Laboratory tests showed the healing process restored scratched samples with high efficiency, leaving behind a nearly seamless surface instead of visible damage.

Protective coating adds strength

The researchers also coated the hydrogel with another polymer designed to reduce bacterial growth and shield the surface from abrasion. That extra layer proved effective during durability testing. Even after repeated contact with fine-grit sandpaper, the coated material maintained its clarity. Transparency declined by only about 2%, suggesting that routine scratches would have little effect on vision quality.

The hydrogel also retained water and displayed mechanical characteristics comparable to those expected from commercial soft contact lenses. Those properties are critical because comfort depends on a lens remaining hydrated throughout the day.

According to the researchers, users could eventually repair minor damage with UV lamps already found in many homes, including devices used for cleaning or curing gel nail polish. The repair process can also be repeated, allowing the material to recover from multiple instances of wear.

More testing ahead

Several steps remain before self-healing contact lenses reach consumers. The material must undergo additional stability evaluations and regulatory review to confirm it can withstand long-term use and repeated repair cycles.

If those hurdles are cleared, the technology could reduce waste and lower replacement costs for millions of contact lens users. Instead of treating every scratch as the end of a lens’s life, future designs may be able to recover from everyday damage and stay in service much longer. The project received funding from the National Research Foundation of Korea.

The study titled “Room-Temperature UV-Induced Self-Healing Hydrogels with Antifouling and Antiscratch Surfaces for Soft Contact Lenses” is published in the journal ACS Applied Polymer Materials.

A major uranium project in South Dakota has cleared another regulatory hurdle, bringing it closer to supplying domestic nuclear fuel as the United States works to strengthen its critical mineral and energy supply chains. The latest decision marks another step toward advancing one of the country’s key uranium development projects.

enCore Energy said the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission completed an Environmental Assessment and issued a Finding of No Significant Impact for the Dewey Burdock Uranium Project. The decision supports renewal of the project’s Source Materials License for another 20 years, leaving a safety evaluation as the final major review before the license can move forward.

Final review remains

Federal regulators stated they will renew the license if the project continues to satisfy construction and operational safety requirements for its planned in-situ recovery facility. enCore, through its subsidiary Powertech USA, has already submitted the information required for that review.

The agency also approved a Programmatic Agreement covering compliance with the National Historic Preservation Act. The framework establishes a phased process to evaluate and protect cultural and historic resources as development advances, allowing engineering work and environmental oversight to progress under a defined process.

William M. Sheriff, executive chair of enCore Energy, welcomed the decision and called the environmental findings an important step toward renewing the project’s operating license. He said the company supports the agency’s view that the development could deliver economic benefits during construction and long-term operations. Sheriff added that enCore remains focused on safety and environmental stewardship throughout the project’s life cycle.

ISR technology in focus

Dewey Burdock spans 10,580 acres in South Dakota and ranks among the country’s advanced-stage uranium developments. Most of the site sits on private land, with a smaller portion managed by the Bureau of Land Management.

The project plans to produce yellowcake using in-situ recovery technology, which circulates an oxygen- and water-based solution through underground ore bodies instead of excavating large open pits. Engineers favor the approach because it minimizes surface disruption and relies on established production methods that have operated for decades across the uranium industry.

The Bureau of Land Management recently authorized construction of access roads, groundwater monitoring wells, and overhead power infrastructure on public land within the project area. Those approvals allow crews to begin building essential site infrastructure before full production activities start.

Dewey Burdock also joined the Fast-41 permitting program last year, giving it access to an accelerated federal review process reserved for priority infrastructure and critical mineral projects. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission serves as the lead agency for that effort, which aims to improve coordination across multiple federal agencies without reducing regulatory standards.

If the final safety review concludes successfully, the project will secure a renewed 20-year license and move closer to commercial uranium production. The yellowcake produced at the site would supply fuel used by commercial nuclear power plants, supporting a broader federal push to expand domestic uranium production and reduce dependence on foreign sources for a material that remains central to the nation’s energy strategy and long-term national security objectives.

Rocket Lab has set a new benchmark for military responsive space operations after launching the U.S. Space Force’s VICTUS HAZE mission just 16 hours and 42 minutes after receiving a formal launch order. The turnaround beat the previous record by more than 10 hours and showed how quickly a defense spacecraft can move from standby to orbit.

The mission also introduced a different operating model for tactical space missions. Rocket Lab developed the spacecraft, carried out the launch, and now controls operations in orbit, giving the U.S. Space Force a single provider for the entire effort.

Faster launch timeline

Responsive space programs are designed to place satellites into orbit on short notice during a crisis. VICTUS HAZE tested that concept under demanding timelines and cleared several milestones well ahead of schedule.

Rocket Lab’s Guidance, Navigation and Control team needed only about four hours to finalize trajectories, update flight software and coordinate ground stations after receiving the launch notice.

The Space Force called, and we launched. From call up to lift-off in just 16 hours 42 minutes Rocket Lab has made history – the fastest response time ever for a @USSF_SSC Tactically Responsive Space mission. pic.twitter.com/yJyhFxbpT3

— Rocket Lab (@RocketLab) June 22, 2026

Electron lifted off from Launch Complex 1 in New Zealand and successfully deployed the company’s Pioneer spacecraft. Engineers completed spacecraft commissioning in 37 hours and 36 minutes, beating the program’s 72-hour requirement by more than 34 hours.

Spacecraft begins pursuit

The Pioneer spacecraft has already started Rendezvous and Proximity Operations in low Earth orbit. The mission simulates a scenario in which a maneuverable satellite rapidly approaches and inspects another spacecraft that is not cooperating.

Such missions could strengthen U.S. military space awareness during emergencies. A satellite launched on short notice can quickly pursue an object in orbit and provide military planners with near real-time intelligence about its movements and activities.

Rocket Lab founder and CEO Sir Peter Beck described the integrated approach as a major step forward for responsive space missions. “Our launch-plus-spacecraft integrated mission capability is transformative for responsive space,” Beck said. He added that having spacecraft ready for immediate deployment allows the United States and its allies to reinforce national security space operations far more quickly.

Single provider strategy

VICTUS HAZE is the first Tactical Responsive Space mission to rely on a single prime contractor for the entire effort. Rocket Lab developed the Pioneer spacecraft before carrying it into orbit on Electron. The company now directs the mission from the ground as the satellite performs its assigned operations.

According to U.S. Space Force Lt. Col. Lincoln Miller, the mission completes the program’s “crawl, walk, run” demonstration phase and shows teams can field sophisticated space capabilities within days instead of months. He said Rendezvous and Proximity Operations remain challenging under compressed timelines. Commissioning the spacecraft ahead of schedule and immediately starting orbital maneuvers demonstrates the ability to respond rapidly during a crisis.

Rocket Lab credits that speed to its vertically integrated manufacturing approach. The Pioneer spacecraft relies on key hardware and software produced inside the company instead of a network of outside suppliers. That level of control shortens development schedules and eliminates many procurement delays that slow traditional defense programs. As a result, a mission that would normally require years of planning moved from launch notification to orbit in less than 17 hours, establishing a new benchmark for rapid military space access.

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Industrial robots have mastered many repetitive tasks, but preparing sashimi remains a surprisingly difficult challenge. A piece of raw salmon rarely stays where it is placed. The fish deforms during handling, making it difficult for machines to deliver consistent cuts.

Researchers in Norway have developed a robotic system that can prepare sashimi with minimal human involvement. The machine tackles a task that has long challenged robots because raw fish constantly changes shape during handling.

The project highlights a broader goal in robotics. Engineers want machines to work with soft materials that do not behave predictably. Success in that area could benefit industries ranging from food processing to healthcare.

Built for delicate tasks

The research team at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology designed Sashimi-Bot around three robotic arms. Each arm performs a specific role. One arm stabilizes and positions the salmon before cutting begins. Another handles a chef’s knife. A third arm uses chopsticks to transfer finished slices onto a tray.

Getting the fish into the correct position proved critical. A salmon loin can shift during handling, which affects cut quality. To address that issue, the researchers trained the robot in a virtual environment. The system relied on deep reinforcement learning, an AI technique that improves performance through repeated practice. During the simulation, the robot tested countless movements and gradually learned how to arrange the fish for slicing. The researchers then transferred that knowledge to the physical robot without additional training on real salmon.

Giving the knife touch

Cutting introduced another obstacle. The robot needed to know exactly when the blade reached the cutting board. That task becomes more difficult because the knife sits inside a soft robotic gripper. Small variations in the grip can affect the blade’s position during a cut.

To solve the problem, the team equipped the system with a GelSight tactile sensor. The device uses a soft gel surface and an internal camera to detect pressure changes. Those measurements provide information similar to a sense of touch.

Researchers trained the sensing system using more than 12,000 data samples collected during 157 cutting motions. The resulting model detected contact with the cutting board with 95% accuracy. It also achieved 99% precision during testing. That feedback allowed the robot to adjust its cutting motion before driving the blade too deeply into the board.

Performance on salmon

The team evaluated Sashimi-Bot using real salmon loins. During testing, the robot produced 34 slices ranging from 6 to 16 millimeters thick. Some pieces adhered to the knife after cutting, a common issue when working with raw fish. The robot successfully recovered all six of those slices directly from the blade.

Most of the remaining pieces reached the serving tray without issue. The system successfully transferred 26 of 28 slices left on the cutting board. Only two failed transfers occurred, both involving extremely thin pieces that slipped from the chopsticks.

The study was published in the journal npj Robotics.

Scientists have demonstrated a new plasma-based process that converts wet coffee waste into high-performance biochar without any pre-drying treatment. The technology could address one of the biggest challenges in biomass recycling while creating a valuable source of renewable fuel.

Developed by researchers at the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), the system converts moisture-rich coffee grounds into carbon-rich biochar in less than two minutes. The resulting material delivers an energy content comparable to anthracite coal, offering a potential pathway for turning difficult waste streams into useful resources. Researchers believe the technology could help reduce waste disposal costs while expanding opportunities for decentralized waste-to-energy systems.

Moisture becomes an asset

High moisture content has long complicated efforts to recover energy from organic waste. Most biomass conversion technologies require a separate drying stage before processing, increasing costs and energy use.

The KIGAM team designed its Flame Plasma Pyrolysis system to eliminate that requirement. The process uses plasma flames generated through the combustion of liquefied petroleum gas and compressed air. Those flames reach temperatures between approximately 1,470°F and 1,650°F, allowing the system to process wet biomass directly.

Instead of hindering conversion, moisture helps drive the process. As water trapped inside coffee particles rapidly turns into steam, pressure builds and creates microscopic explosions. Researchers describe the phenomenon as a “popcorn effect.” The bursts break apart the biomass structure, increase porosity, and accelerate carbonization. Under optimized conditions, the system achieved complete conversion in just 90 seconds.

Fuel performance rivals coal

The resulting biochar delivered a heating value of 29.0 MJ/kg, roughly 33% higher than untreated coffee grounds. Researchers said the material performs similarly to anthracite coal. The treatment also nearly tripled fixed carbon content, increasing it from 15.6% to 46.2%. At the same time, it completely removed sulfur compounds, helping prevent sulfur dioxide emissions during combustion.

Researchers observed another significant improvement in the material’s structure. Its specific surface area increased dramatically, creating a highly porous carbon product. Those characteristics could make the biochar useful beyond fuel applications. Potential uses include activated carbon production, filtration systems, and industrial adsorption materials. The process also generated minimal smoke and tar compared with conventional biomass treatment methods.

Faster route to resource recovery

Speed is one of the technology’s key advantages. Hydrothermal carbonization systems often require one to six hours to process biomass, while torrefaction can take 30 minutes or longer. Flame Plasma Pyrolysis completes the conversion in less than two minutes. Researchers said the system also reduces energy demand by using combustion-generated plasma rather than electricity-intensive plasma devices.

Although the study focused on spent coffee grounds, the team believes the technology could process other high-moisture waste streams, including food waste, sewage sludge, and agricultural residues. Lead author Dr. Taejun Park said the technology offers a new way to view organic waste. Instead of treating it as a disposal problem, industries could use it as a source of energy and valuable carbon materials. The team plans to expand the process to additional waste types and continue optimizing it for commercial-scale deployment.

The study is published in the journal Chemical Engineering Journal.

A planned advanced nuclear energy campus in Ohio has taken a major step toward securing reactor fuel, one of the industry’s most critical resources. Oklo and Centrus have signed a letter of intent that could provide enough domestically produced high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU) to support up to five Aurora reactors for several years. The fuel would come from Centrus’ enrichment facility in Pike County, Ohio, with deliveries expected to begin in 2029.

The agreement addresses a growing challenge for the advanced nuclear sector. While several next-generation reactor designs continue to move toward commercialization, access to U.S.-produced HALEU remains limited. Developers and fuel suppliers have increasingly sought long-term agreements to reduce uncertainty around future reactor deployments.

Securing reactor fuel

Under the proposed arrangement, Centrus would supply fuel for Oklo’s planned 1.2-gigawatt clean energy campus in southern Ohio. The agreement could also include advance payments that support future fuel production and strengthen supply certainty for the project.

The deal links fuel production with a specific reactor deployment strategy. Industry leaders have repeatedly identified fuel availability as one of the biggest hurdles facing advanced nuclear development in the United States.

Earlier this year, Oklo announced a power agreement with Meta that included prepayment provisions designed to support project development. The latest fuel arrangement follows a similar approach by connecting future customer demand with long-term fuel supply planning.

Jacob DeWitte, Oklo’s co-founder and chief executive, said the agreement brings together several key elements needed for advanced nuclear deployment, including fuel, power generation and customer demand. He added that southern Ohio’s nuclear expertise and skilled workforce position the region to support future reactor construction.

Ohio nuclear ecosystem

The agreement also highlights the growing role of southern Ohio in the domestic nuclear supply chain. Centrus continues to expand enrichment operations in Pike County as demand for advanced reactor fuel grows. The company plans to combine private investment with previously announced federal support aimed at increasing domestic HALEU production capacity.

Industry officials view enrichment as a strategic capability because many advanced reactor designs require HALEU fuel. Expanding U.S. production could reduce dependence on foreign sources while supporting a new generation of nuclear power plants.

Amir Vexler, president and chief executive of Centrus, described the agreement as an important step toward establishing a reliable fuel supply for next-generation reactors. He said connecting domestic fuel production with advanced reactor deployment could help create a stronger foundation for future nuclear growth in the United States.

Supporting Aurora deployment

Alongside the fuel agreement, Oklo has signed a memorandum of understanding with Kiewit Nuclear Solutions to support engineering, procurement, and construction planning for its initial Aurora reactor deployments.

Oklo’s Aurora reactors use liquid-metal cooling and require relatively little water compared with conventional nuclear plants. The reactors are designed to provide reliable carbon-free electricity under a build-own-operate model.

If the project moves forward as planned, it could demonstrate how fuel suppliers, reactor developers and infrastructure partners can work together to accelerate advanced nuclear deployment in the United States.

The United States has reached another milestone in its push to bring advanced nuclear technology from the drawing board to deployment. Valar Atomics announced that its Ward 250 reactor successfully achieved fueled criticality during testing at the Utah San Rafael Energy Lab in Emery County, Utah. The achievement means the reactor can now sustain a controlled nuclear chain reaction, a key step before any reactor can begin generating electricity.

The test also marks a notable first for the Department of Energy’s Reactor Pilot Program. Ward 250 became the first reactor authorized under the program to reach criticality outside a national laboratory, highlighting the government’s effort to accelerate commercial reactor development. Federal officials described the milestone as another sign that advanced nuclear projects are moving from concept to reality at a faster pace than in previous decades.

Racing toward deployment

The Ward 250 reactor is the second advanced reactor expected to reach criticality under goals established by President Donald Trump’s May 2025 executive order. The order called for multiple advanced reactor demonstrations to achieve criticality before July 4, 2026. Earlier this month, Antares Nuclear reached the same milestone with its Mark-0 reactor at Idaho National Laboratory. Together, the projects represent some of the fastest-moving reactor demonstrations currently underway in the United States.

Moments ago, Valar Atomics took Ward 250 critical for the first time. This fulfills President Trump’s EO 14301, which called for 3 advanced reactors to go critical by July 4th.

This is our second criticality as a company, and an important step toward our goal of power by July 4. pic.twitter.com/ZNVgKSarfV

— Isaiah Taylor – making nuclear reactors (@isaiah_p_taylor) June 18, 2026

Energy Secretary Chris Wright said the achievement reflects growing momentum across the domestic nuclear sector. “Today marks another historic moment for America’s nuclear renaissance,” Wright said.

He pointed to several recent accomplishments, including the first airlift of a small reactor aboard a U.S. military C-17 aircraft. Wright said such milestones demonstrate how quickly advanced nuclear technologies are progressing under current federal initiatives.

Built in nine months

Valar Atomics completed the reactor project in less than a year. According to founder and CEO Isaiah Taylor, the site was empty nine months ago. “Today, there’s a critical reactor on it, built and operated by the Valar team,” Taylor said.

The company developed Ward 250 as a power-producing reactor rather than a laboratory experiment. Achieving criticality confirms that the design can sustain the nuclear reactions required for future energy production.

Taylor credited support from the Department of Energy, Utah state officials, local communities, and project partners for helping the company meet its development goals.

New path for reactors

The Department of Energy launched the Reactor Pilot Program to shorten development timelines for first-of-a-kind advanced reactors. The initiative uses existing DOE authority to authorize reactor demonstrations while developers continue working toward commercial licensing pathways.

Officials view the program as a way to reduce barriers that have historically slowed nuclear innovation in the United States. Building on the program’s early progress, the Department recently introduced the Nuclear Energy Launch Pad. The effort aims to further accelerate testing, validation, and deployment of advanced reactor technologies.

The Reactor Pilot Program ultimately seeks to bring at least three advanced reactor concepts to criticality outside national laboratories. Federal officials believe the approach can help restore U.S. leadership in nuclear energy while expanding access to reliable, around-the-clock power generation.

The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has demonstrated a laser system that can both transmit power wirelessly and defend against aerial threats, marking a significant step toward more flexible battlefield energy solutions.

The test showed that a single directed-energy platform can perform two critical military functions without requiring separate equipment. Researchers beamed power across an airfield to a remote location and then quickly switched the same system to engage a simulated drone threat.

The demonstration received support from the Office of the Under Secretary of War for Acquisition and Sustainment and the Operational Energy Capability Improvement Fund. NRL worked alongside Boeing, the Army’s DEVCOM Ground Vehicle Systems Center, and stakeholders from the Navy, Marine Corps, and Army.

The project aims to reduce dependence on fuel-based power systems while expanding the operational capabilities of deployed forces.

Power without fuel

During the demonstration, a trailer-mounted laser transmitted energy from a standard military vehicle to specialized receivers positioned at a distant site. The setup delivered power without physical cables or traditional fuel logistics.

Researchers focused on practical battlefield conditions rather than controlled laboratory environments. The team conducted testing in harsh weather, including strong winds and heavy snowfall.

According to NRL Electrical Engineer Alex Grede, the goal was to evaluate how the technology could function during real military operations. “We demonstrated that the same laser used to beam power remotely can immediately transition to counter a drone threat,” Grede said.

The ability to deliver power over distance could eventually help military units operate in remote locations with fewer fuel convoys and generators.

Built for the field

Unlike previous power-beaming demonstrations that took place under ideal conditions, the NRL team deliberately exposed the system to environmental challenges.

Researchers continued collecting data even as visibility deteriorated during severe winter weather. The results will help engineers refine the technology for future deployments. NRL Research Physicist Justin Lorentzen said realistic testing provides valuable information that laboratory experiments cannot replicate.

The team wants to understand how atmospheric interference affects performance. That data will guide future improvements and increase reliability in operational settings.

Engineers also demonstrated field maintainability during the event. The team repaired a critical component on-site and quickly returned the system to operation.

Lt. Cmdr. Brian Di Salvo, NRL Radar Division military deputy, said military systems must remain simple to operate and easy to repair. He noted that both qualities are essential for deployment in demanding environments.

Expanding military applications

The laser platform used during the test already serves the U.S. Marine Corps in directed-energy roles. Researchers integrated it with high-efficiency solar receivers and mobile vehicle power sources to create a distributed energy network.

Army requirements helped shape many aspects of the field demonstration. Officials see strong potential for expeditionary missions where reducing fuel consumption can improve both logistics and survivability.

Grede said collaboration across military branches could accelerate adoption of the technology. While NRL continues development for naval applications, the Army could become one of the first services to field the capability.

The next phase will place the system directly in front of Marines, Soldiers, and Sailors. Researchers plan to gather operational feedback and refine the technology based on how troops would use it in the field.

The effort forms part of NRL’s broader push to develop scalable directed-energy systems that strengthen battlefield resilience and extend the reach of U.S. forces.

Sen. Bernie Sanders has unveiled a proposal that would give Americans a direct financial stake in the country’s booming artificial intelligence industry. The Vermont independent introduced legislation Thursday that would create a national sovereign wealth fund tied to major AI companies. Under the proposal, the federal government would hold a 50% ownership stake in qualifying AI firms and distribute annual payments to U.S. citizens.

Sanders argues that today’s AI systems rely heavily on content, knowledge, and creative works produced by generations of people. Because AI companies benefit from that collective human output, he says the public should share in the industry’s financial gains. The legislation, called the American AI Sovereign Wealth Fund Act, comes as lawmakers debate how to regulate AI and address concerns about wealth concentration in the technology sector.

Public stake in AI

The proposal would apply to AI companies generating more than $200 million in annual revenue. Those firms would become subject to a system that grants the public a significant ownership interest through a federally managed investment fund. Sanders estimates the fund could reach a value of roughly $7 trillion based on current valuations of leading U.S. AI developers.

The future of AI must not be decided behind closed doors by billionaires seeking to maximize their power and profit.

It should be decided by the American people.

That's why I'm introducing the American AI Sovereign Wealth Fund Act. pic.twitter.com/sbC0YMT90f

— Sen. Bernie Sanders (@SenSanders) June 18, 2026

The senator says the structure would allow Americans to benefit directly from one of the fastest-growing industries in the economy. He projects that citizens could initially receive annual payments of around $1,000. Those payouts could increase as the AI sector expands.

Speaking to reporters, Sanders said the payments would likely grow if AI companies continue generating larger profits. He also suggested future revenue could help support public priorities such as healthcare, education, and housing.

Collective value argument

At the center of the proposal is Sanders’ belief that AI companies derive value from information created by society as a whole. The legislation argues that AI models train on vast amounts of human-created material, including books, journalism, software code, scientific research, artwork, videos, and other forms of knowledge.

Sanders contends that a small group of technology executives now captures most of the economic benefits generated from those resources. Supporters of the measure compare AI to publicly owned natural resources. In that view, companies extracting value from a shared asset should return a portion of that wealth to the public.

Model draws from funds

The bill takes inspiration from sovereign wealth funds already operating across the United States and around the world. States such as Texas and New Mexico have long used investment funds supported by natural resource revenues to finance public programs, particularly education. Dozens of countries, including Norway, China, and the United Arab Emirates, also operate sovereign wealth funds that manage public assets and investments.

If Congress approves the legislation, a seven-member independent commission would oversee the fund. The president would nominate commissioners, while the Senate would confirm them.

The commission would represent public interests in qualifying AI companies and manage the government’s ownership stake. While the proposal faces significant political hurdles, it adds a new dimension to the growing debate over who should benefit from the economic gains created by artificial intelligence.

Shield AI has secured a U.S. Air Force production contract to deploy its Hivemind autonomy software as part of the service’s Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA) program, marking a key step in the military’s effort to field autonomous wingmen alongside crewed fighters.

The award reflects the Air Force’s effort to build a common autonomy software foundation that can be integrated across multiple Collaborative Combat Aircraft designs instead of being developed for a single platform. Officials believe that approach can accelerate upgrades, lower integration costs, and allow new capabilities to reach operational units faster.

Shield AI’s Hivemind software will support the Air Force’s vision for autonomous aircraft that can operate in coordination with human pilots while handling increasingly complex missions.

Software-centric autonomy strategy

The Air Force has adopted a software-first model for its future autonomous fleet. Under this framework, mission autonomy software can evolve independently from the aircraft carrying it.

That separation allows developers to introduce new capabilities without redesigning airframes or modifying platform-specific hardware. The approach also enables the service to evaluate autonomy solutions on their own merits while preserving competition across the broader CCA ecosystem.

Christian Gutierrez, senior vice president of Hivemind at Shield AI, said mission autonomy will play a central role in future airpower operations. “The Air Force’s approach enables faster innovation, rapid capability deployment, and greater operational advantage for the warfighter,” Gutierrez said.

He added that Shield AI plans to continue working closely with the service to deliver collaborative autonomy capabilities at scale.

Multi-aircraft teaming focus

Under the production contract, Shield AI will concentrate on collaborative combat behaviors involving multiple autonomous aircraft operating together under human supervision. The company aims to reduce operator workload while enabling larger groups of unmanned systems to coordinate actions during missions.

Such capabilities could become increasingly important as the Air Force expands its use of autonomous platforms in contested environments. Rather than simply following predetermined routes, Hivemind allows unmanned aircraft to adapt to changing conditions.

The software can adjust flight paths, react to emerging threats, coordinate with nearby aircraft, and support mission objectives without constant operator input. The company says the platform is designed to function as a digital pilot, helping autonomous systems make decisions in real time while remaining part of a broader human-machine team.

Expanding CCA development

The latest award builds on Shield AI’s existing involvement in the Air Force’s CCA efforts. Earlier this year, the company earned selection as a mission autonomy provider during the program’s Technology Maturation and Risk Reduction phase. That work continues alongside the new production effort.

Hivemind is currently flying aboard Anduril’s YFQ-44A aircraft, one of the platforms supporting ongoing CCA development activities. The Air Force views collaborative combat aircraft as a cornerstone of its future force structure.

By pairing autonomous aircraft with crewed fighters, the service hopes to increase combat capacity, extend operational reach, and provide commanders with more flexible options during future conflicts. As development advances, software platforms such as Hivemind are expected to play a critical role in determining how effectively autonomous aircraft operate alongside human pilots.

Divergent Technologies has unveiled a new industrial metal 3D printer and announced a major manufacturing expansion in Southern California, moves that the company says will significantly increase production capacity for defense and commercial customers.

The California-based manufacturer introduced the Monolith One, a large-format metal additive manufacturing system developed specifically for high-volume production. At the same time, the company revealed plans for a new 430,000-square-foot facility in Long Beach, California, where dozens of the machines will support future manufacturing programs.

Built for production

Unlike many metal 3D printers designed primarily for prototyping, Monolith One targets continuous industrial manufacturing. The machine stands more than eight meters tall and incorporates 12 high-powered lasers that deliver a combined 24 kilowatts of output.

Divergent designed the system over a 28-month period using lessons learned from more than a decade of additive manufacturing operations. The company developed the printer exclusively for use within its own manufacturing ecosystem rather than for commercial sale.

The machine supports a wide range of industrial alloys, including aluminum, steel, titanium, and nickel-based materials. It also offers a larger build chamber than many existing systems, allowing engineers to manufacture bigger and more complex structures in a single print.

According to Divergent, the printer can roughly double production throughput compared with current-generation equipment. The system also incorporates automated powder handling, thermal management controls, and optical monitoring technologies designed to improve consistency and reduce downtime.

Chief Technology Officer Brian Erhartic said the company built the printer specifically to improve manufacturing efficiency and quality. He added that integrating the machine directly into Divergent’s production platform helped unlock higher performance across multiple stages of manufacturing.

Factory expansion plans

Divergent currently operates six Monolith One printers at its headquarters in Torrance, California. The company plans to install an additional 64 systems at its new Long Beach facility over the next two years.

Once fully operational, the site will support production of tens of thousands of munition airframes annually. It will also have the capacity to manufacture hundreds of thousands of critical metal components for aerospace and defense programs.

The expansion comes as defense contractors seek faster production methods and more resilient domestic supply chains. Traditional manufacturing processes often require lengthy lead times for complex hardware, particularly in aerospace applications.

Divergent says its software-driven manufacturing approach reduces those timelines from months to weeks or even days in some cases. The company supplies structures and components for several major defense and aerospace organizations, including Lockheed Martin, RTX, and CoAspire.

Chief Executive Officer Lukas Czinger said the new printer reflects years of operational experience gained from delivering production hardware to both defense and commercial customers. He noted that the company manufactures the systems domestically and sources key components through a U.S.-based supply chain.

As production ramps up at the Long Beach facility, Divergent expects the new manufacturing capacity to support growing demand for mission-critical hardware while strengthening domestic industrial capabilities.

Australia is accelerating efforts to protect frontline troops from the growing threat of small drones, awarding a contract to defense technology firm OpenWorks under the Australian Defence Force’s Land 156 counter-drone program.

The company will supply its Vision Guard intelligent optics system for evaluation as part of the ADF’s AU$1.3 billion initiative to strengthen defenses against uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). Military planners intend to use the compact platform as an early-warning capability for dismounted soldiers operating in contested environments.

The move reflects a broader shift among Western militaries toward distributed counter-drone systems. Recent conflicts have highlighted how inexpensive commercial and military-grade drones can threaten troops far from traditional air defense coverage.

Frontline use

OpenWorks designed Vision Guard to give soldiers rapid situational awareness without adding significant weight to their equipment. The system combines panoramic surveillance with artificial intelligence-driven detection software to identify and track small drones at extended distances.

Operators can deploy the system in less than two minutes, allowing units to establish surveillance positions quickly. OpenWorks says troops can carry the core equipment and supporting sensors inside a standard military backpack.

The platform supports multiple sensor configurations. Users can integrate active and passive detection technologies, including radar and acoustic sensors, depending on mission requirements. OpenWorks’ software then fuses data from those sensors to improve detection accuracy and reduce operator workload.

The company developed the system with strict size, weight, and power requirements in mind. That approach allows small units to operate independently while maintaining awareness of nearby aerial threats.

AI-powered drone detection

At the center of Vision Guard is OpenWorks’ proprietary artificial intelligence engine. The software analyzes incoming sensor data and automatically classifies potential threats. The system focuses on detecting and identifying Class 1 drones, which are among the smallest categories of military and commercial unmanned aircraft.

Despite their size, these drones have become a persistent battlefield challenge because they are inexpensive, difficult to detect, and increasingly capable. By providing early warning, Vision Guard aims to give troops additional time to respond before a drone can conduct surveillance or deliver an attack.

Defense organizations across Europe and the United States have already tested or deployed the technology. The system also participated in Project Vanaheim, a joint U.K.-U.S. experimentation effort that examined future approaches to interoperable counter-drone operations.

Growing counter-drone demand

The Australian contract comes as militaries worldwide increase investment in layered counter-UAS networks. Rather than relying solely on large strategic assets, defense planners increasingly seek portable systems that can move with frontline forces.

James Cross, chief commercial officer at OpenWorks, said the company recognizes the responsibility associated with supporting the Australian military’s modernization efforts. He described Vision Guard as a compact system designed to improve situational awareness for dispersed units. Cross added that OpenWorks is proud to support Australia’s efforts to strengthen counter-drone capabilities.

As drone threats continue to evolve, defense programs such as Land 156 are expected to play a key role in shaping the next generation of battlefield surveillance and force protection technologies.

Food spoilage remains difficult to detect before it becomes a health risk. Consumers often rely on appearance and smell other than expiry dates to judge whether products are still safe to eat, despite the limitations of those methods.

Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, have developed a sensor system designed to provide a more objective assessment. The technology combines miniature gas sensors with machine-learning software to identify chemical signatures associated with food spoilage and common allergens.

The researchers believe the system could eventually support smart appliances and food monitoring tools that help consumers make safer decisions about what they eat.

Digital scent recognition

The device contains 16 microscopic gas sensors, each designed to respond differently to airborne chemical compounds. Together, the sensors create distinct response patterns when exposed to different foods.

Lead author Carla Bassil, a doctoral student in electrical engineering and computer sciences at UC Berkeley, described the system as a set of digital taste buds. Each sensor converts chemical interactions into electrical signals, allowing the device to generate a unique signature for specific foods.

Researchers then trained machine-learning models to recognize those signatures. The team tested the system on strawberries, blueberries, bananas, walnuts, hazelnuts, cashews, and peanuts. It also learned to distinguish between fresh and spoiled samples of milk, eggs, and raw chicken.

“The idea is that we can use the relative selectivity of the gas sensors, paired with the pattern recognition abilities of machine learning,” Bassil said. By combining sensor data with artificial intelligence, the system can identify food-related chemical fingerprints more consistently than human smell alone.

Allergen detection potential

The study also highlighted the technology’s ability to detect allergen-containing foods. During testing, the electronic nose identified as little as 0.05 grams of walnut material, roughly one-hundredth of an average shelled walnut. That level of sensitivity could support future food safety applications for people with severe allergies.

Researchers caution that the device has not yet been tested in more complex settings. Future evaluations will examine how well it performs when allergens are mixed with other foods or when multiple food odors are present at the same time.

The spoilage experiments focused on chicken, milk, and eggs left at room temperature for 24 and 48 hours. The system successfully differentiated between fresh and deteriorated samples by analyzing changes in the gases they released.

Carbon nanotube design

Electronic noses have existed for decades, but manufacturing multiple sensing materials on a single chip has remained a significant challenge. Bassil’s team addressed that problem by using carbon nanotubes instead of conventional metal-oxide materials. The nanotubes form extremely thin conductive layers with large surface areas, making them highly sensitive to chemical compounds at room temperature.

Operating without high temperatures also allowed the researchers to use a wider range of sensing materials, including polymers that might degrade under heat. The design further simplified manufacturing by enabling different sensing materials to be deposited in a single fabrication step.

Although the current study focused on laboratory testing, Bassil has already developed a portable version that connects to an iPhone application. Future work will focus on improving reliability and evaluating the system in real-world environments.

Ali Javey, Berkeley’s Lam Research Distinguished Chair in Semiconductor Processing, served as the study’s senior author. Researchers from Berkeley and the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology also contributed to the project.

The study is published in the journal Science Advances.

Morgan State University and its partners have secured a $3.37 million contract from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to develop a new class of nuclear-powered energy systems that could operate for decades without refueling.

The project, known as SYMPHONEE, aims to convert energy released by radioactive decay directly into electricity. Researchers believe the technology could provide reliable power for applications where batteries and conventional power systems struggle, including space missions, underwater infrastructure, remote sensors, and military platforms.

Morgan State leads the effort alongside Northrop Grumman, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Project Omega, Applied Research Associates (ARA), and Widetronix. The work falls under DARPA’s Rads to Watts program, which seeks to advance compact power systems with higher energy output and longer lifespans.

Turning waste into power

At the heart of the project is a radiovoltaic device that uses radioisotopes such as Strontium-90 to generate electricity. Unlike traditional batteries, these systems draw energy from radioactive decay and can continue operating for years with minimal maintenance.

The team plans to combine advanced semiconductor materials with beta-emitting isotopes to improve both performance and durability. Researchers also intend to use isotopes recovered from recycled nuclear fuel and legacy nuclear waste streams. Professor Michael Spencer, the project’s technical lead at Morgan State University, said the team is working to expand the limits of radiovoltaic technology.

“Our team is pushing the boundaries of radiovoltaic technology,” Spencer said. “By integrating advanced materials, device engineering, and nuclear science, we are laying the foundation for a new generation of persistent power systems.” The researchers will conduct much of the device development and testing at PNNL, where they aim to improve radiation tolerance while maintaining efficiency.

Focus on power density

DARPA’s program focuses heavily on power density, a key measure that determines how much electrical power a system can generate relative to its weight. Higher power density could make radiovoltaic systems more practical for missions where size, weight, and maintenance requirements remain critical constraints.

Early modeling suggests the technology could meet or exceed program targets for both specific power and energy density. If successful, the systems could unlock new capabilities for long-duration operations in remote and harsh environments. Project Omega CEO Stafford Sheehan said the effort could transform materials once considered waste into valuable energy resources.

“Our mission is to turn what has historically been treated as waste into a strategic energy asset,” Sheehan said. He added that the technology could reduce the need for frequent battery replacement in critical systems.

Defense and space potential

Northrop Grumman will contribute expertise in microelectronics, radiation effects, modeling, and system survivability. The company plans to use advanced computing tools to accelerate design work and evaluate performance under demanding conditions. According to Northrop Grumman, the technology could support future defense systems that require dependable power in locations where traditional energy sources cannot operate effectively.

The SYMPHONEE project reflects growing interest in compact nuclear energy technologies that can deliver continuous power over extended periods. If the team achieves its goals, the program could help establish a new generation of long-life energy systems for defense, aerospace, and industrial applications.