Northrop Grumman has developed a new gallium nitride (GaN) microwave chip that operates in the W-band spectrum, a high-frequency range used for advanced radar, satellite communications, and emerging wireless networks.

The company said the chip was designed, manufactured, and made market-ready in less than six months, an unusually short timeline for a high-frequency semiconductor intended for defense and commercial applications.

Built at Northrop Grumman’s semiconductor facility in Redondo Beach, California, the chip is designed to strengthen wireless signals while operating at frequencies capable of transmitting large amounts of data with low latency.

According to the company, the technology could support secure military communications, next-generation radar systems, satellite links, and future 5G and 6G wireless networks.

Faster signals, smaller hardware

The W-band occupies frequencies between roughly 75 and 110 gigahertz, offering significantly more bandwidth than lower-frequency wireless systems. The added spectrum can help enable faster data transmission, higher-resolution sensing, and more secure communications.

W-band technologies are attracting growing interest because they can handle far larger amounts of data than many conventional wireless systems. The frequencies are increasingly being explored for applications ranging from high-resolution imaging and advanced sensing to satellite communications and future mobile networks.

However, operating at such high frequencies requires specialized semiconductor materials and designs capable of maintaining performance while managing power and heat, areas where GaN-based devices have gained increasing attention.

Northrop Grumman said the new chip fully utilizes this portion of the radio spectrum to improve signal performance while reducing the need for larger and more power-intensive equipment.

Gallium nitride has become a key material for advanced radio-frequency electronics because it can operate at higher power levels and frequencies than conventional silicon-based devices. The material is already widely used in military radars, electronic warfare systems, and satellite communications hardware.

The company said the chip can act as a signal amplifier, helping wireless systems transmit and receive data more efficiently. In military applications, that could improve secure communications and data transfer between platforms and satellites. Commercially, the technology could help support future wireless networks as demand for higher data rates continues to grow.

Defense To 6G

The project was developed through the California DREAMS hub of the Microelectronics Commons program, a public-private initiative aimed at accelerating domestic semiconductor innovation.

The program is funded by the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and brings together industry, government, and academic partners to speed the development of advanced microelectronics technologies.

Northrop Grumman said the rapid development cycle demonstrates how collaborative manufacturing and design efforts can shorten the path from concept to deployment.

The company manufactures microelectronics at two US-based facilities and produces millions of semiconductor components annually for defense and commercial customers. Its Microelectronics Center has been involved in semiconductor development for more than seven decades.

As governments and industries seek faster communications, more capable radar systems, and advanced sensing technologies, high-frequency GaN devices are expected to play an increasingly important role in future wireless infrastructure.

In the Electrek Podcast, we discuss the most popular news in the world of sustainable transport and energy. In this week’s episode, we discuss our Rivian R2 first drive, BYD going nuts on flash charging, Donut Lab’s miracle battery being seemingly dead, and more.

Qcells has begun manufacturing solar cells at its new facility in Cartersville, Georgia, bringing the company closer to operating what it says is the United States’ first and only fully vertically integrated solar manufacturing factory.

The company announced that the plant is now producing solar cells and expects all production lines to reach full capacity by the third quarter of 2026. Once fully operational, the facility will manufacture ingots, wafers, cells, and solar modules under one roof.

The start of cell production marks a significant milestone for domestic solar manufacturing, as most solar panels installed in the US still rely on imported components. Qcells said the Cartersville site will become the largest operating solar cell factory in US history.

Module assembly operations at the facility are already running at full capacity, producing about 16,700 solar panels every day.

Building domestic supply chains

When fully ramped up, the Cartersville factory will produce 3.3 gigawatts (GW) of annual capacity each for ingots, wafers, and cells, along with 3.5 GW of solar modules.

Combined with Qcells’ expanded manufacturing facility in Dalton, Georgia, the company’s total US module production capacity is expected to reach 8.6 GW annually by the end of the third quarter. According to the company, that output is enough to generate the equivalent annual electricity needs of roughly 1.3 million American homes.

“Producing the first solar cells at Cartersville is a milestone for Qcells and for American manufacturing,” said Andy Park, Global CEO of Qcells.

The company said producing key solar components domestically could provide customers with greater certainty around supply availability, pricing, and potential tariff-related disruptions.

Tax credits and jobs

Qcells said the Cartersville operation could also help project developers qualify for the federal Domestic Content Bonus tied to the Investment Tax Credit. Because major solar module components are produced in the US, developers may find it easier to meet domestic sourcing requirements.

The company added that its vertically integrated manufacturing approach allows it to claim production incentives under Section 45X of the Advanced Manufacturing Production Tax Credit across multiple stages of the solar supply chain, including ingots, wafers, cells, and modules.

The investment is also expected to support thousands of manufacturing jobs in Georgia. Together, the Cartersville and Dalton facilities are projected to employ nearly 4,000 workers, including about 3,800 direct jobs across Bartow and Whitfield counties.

Qcells said the Cartersville factory is the first US facility of its kind built in more than a decade and includes what it describes as the largest ingot and wafer production plant ever constructed in the country.

Special Session: Everything but Exoplanets: The Transformative General Astrophysics of the Habitable Worlds Observatory

Monday, June 15th, 1:00pm – 2:30pm ET, 10:00am -11:30am PT

Highlights from Cosmic Origins Science Interest Groups (SIGs) and Science Analysis Groups (SAGs).

Splinter Session: NASA’s Big Science, Small Missions

Tuesday, June 16th, 1:00pm – 2:30pm ET, 10:00am -11:30am PT (Hybrid Session)

For remote participation, please look for the “Join the Session” link above the agenda on the Cosmic Origins at AAS website.

Agenda

Organizers: Swara Ravindranath (NASA/GSFC), Emily Witt (JHU)

Special Session: Planning for the Future of Astrophysics and the ASTRA Initiative

Thursday, June 18th, 1:00pm – 2:30pm ET, 10:00am -11:30am PT

No remote participation is available for this special session.

Agenda

ASTRA Office Hours at Cosmic Origins Exhibit Booth

(June 15 – 17, 2026) at 9am PT

Stop by the AAS / Cosmic Origins Exhibit booth during these times to ask questions about the ASTRA initiative, the September Ad ASTRA workshop, and developing new strategic mission concepts for astrophysics. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday 9 am PT (Peter Kurczynski)

Best regards,
Swara Ravindranath

American Astronomical Society

The 248th Meeting of the AAS

The 248th AAS meeting (joint with the High Energy Astrophysics and the Laboratory Astrophysics Divisions) will be held 14-18 June 2026 in Pasadena, California.

Learn More

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We’ve got a ton of great weekend flash sale offers closing out this week’s Green Deals, starting with the six power station offers from Anker SOLIX that benefit from our exclusive bonus savings code, like the expanded 6,144Wh F3000 Portable Power Station hitting a new $1,899 low, amongst others. In that same vein, EcoFlow also has a lineup of flash sale deals to jump on, including the 2,048Wh DELTA 3 Max Plus Portable Power Station with a FREE 10,000mAh 3-in-1 power bank at $1,049. From there, Heybike is offering third-ever returning low prices on its Ranger 3.0 Pro e-bike for $1,399 and the Villain Electric Dirt Bike for $1,299. We also have a spotlight on the Lectric XPeak2 Off-Road e-bike Father’s Day Sale deal with $400 bundles and $100 price cuts, and don’t forget about all the hangover deals from this week collected together at the bottom of the page, like yesterday’s Bluetti Early Prime Day Sale lineup + two exclusive bonus savings codes, the Navee Father’s Day EV Sale lineup, and more.

Head below for other New Green Deals we’ve found today and, of course, Electrek’s best EV buying and leasing deals. Also, check out the new Electrek Tesla Shop for the best deals on Tesla accessories.

New research has found that humanoid robots could become effective playmates for humans, but only if their behavior aligns with people’s expectations.

A study by researchers at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) explored how people interact with humanoid robots during physical games.

The team conducted controlled laboratory experiments using Pepper, a social robot built to engage with humans, to better understand the experience of playing alongside or against a robot.

The findings suggest that robots can be enjoyable gaming companions when they act naturally and respond appropriately to the flow of play. However, mismatched behavior, awkward movements, or an overly competitive attitude can quickly frustrate users and reduce engagement during interactions.

Robot teammate test

Humanoid robots such as Pepper are designed to look and behave in ways that resemble humans, featuring recognizable traits such as heads, eyes, hands, facial expressions, and conversational abilities.

According to researchers, these human-like characteristics help people relate more easily to robots, but they also create expectations that robots will act in socially appropriate and predictable ways.

To better understand how people interact with robots during play, researchers conducted an experiment in which participants played a physical version of trash-can basketball with Pepper. The game involved throwing crumpled paper balls into a trash can from designated positions chosen to provide a balanced level of challenge for both the human participants and the robot.

The study examined two different gameplay modes. In one mode, participants cooperated with Pepper as teammates working toward a common goal. In the other, they competed directly against the robot. Researchers also varied the order of play, with either the human participant or Pepper taking the first turn.

By comparing these scenarios, the team evaluated how gameplay mode and turn order influenced player engagement, motivation, enjoyment of physical activity, and emotional responses.

The findings revealed that seemingly minor factors, such as who takes the first turn and whether the interaction is cooperative or competitive, can significantly affect how people perceive the experience. “Our observations show that robots can actually be good playmates, but only if they behave in ways that make sense to people,” said Yavuz Inal, associate professor at NTNU’s Department of Design in Gjøvik, in a statement.

Cooperative play wins

Participants generally reported the most positive experiences when the game began in cooperative mode. However, competitive play also proved highly engaging for many players. Several participants found competing against Pepper more exciting and motivating, particularly when they were allowed to start the game first, which increased their sense of control over the interaction.

Many players also experienced a strong sense of accomplishment when they outperformed the robot. Some even admitted that watching Pepper miss a shot added to the enjoyment. For these participants, competition with the humanoid robot created a fun challenge, clear objectives, and a rewarding sense of mastery that enhanced the overall gaming experience.

The study also found that participants became frustrated with Pepper for reasons similar to those that make people irritated with overly competitive friends or family members during board games.

Frustration was particularly noticeable when the robot started the game in competitive mode. Pepper’s slow pace, long pauses before taking a turn, and apparent determination to win often clashed with participants’ expectations of how a human-like playmate should behave. As a result, some players felt the robot lacked the responsiveness and natural flow needed for enjoyable gameplay. One participant likened the experience to playing against an “overworked printer with arms.”

According to the researchers, people expect robots cast as playmates to act like genuine players. “The results offer a glimpse into a future where robots not only assist us at work and in the healthcare system, but also participate in everyday activities such as play, exercise, and games,” said the team in a statement.